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Articles 1 - 30 of 507
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Prosecuting Members Of The U.S. Military For Wartime Environmental Crimes, Eric Talbot Jensen, James J. Teixeira Jr.
Prosecuting Members Of The U.S. Military For Wartime Environmental Crimes, Eric Talbot Jensen, James J. Teixeira Jr.
Faculty Scholarship
War is inherently damaging to the environment. Though these deleterious actions are often attributed to "states" during times of armed conflict, they are normally the result of military operations conducted by members of the military who are carrying out orders from military superiors. While many have proposed systemic changes that affect how states can or should be held responsible, few have commented on the process of holding individual military personnel or commanders responsible for battlefield acts of environmental damage. This paper argues that there are sufficient laws and regulations in place to hold individuals and commanders in the United States …
The Threat Of Smallpox: Eradicated But Not Erased: A Review Of The Fiscal, Logistical And Legal Obstacles Impacting The Phase I Vaccination Program, Holly L. Myers, Elin Gursky, Georges C. Benjamin, Christopher Gozdor, Michael Greenberger
The Threat Of Smallpox: Eradicated But Not Erased: A Review Of The Fiscal, Logistical And Legal Obstacles Impacting The Phase I Vaccination Program, Holly L. Myers, Elin Gursky, Georges C. Benjamin, Christopher Gozdor, Michael Greenberger
Faculty Scholarship
Fears that terrorists may have the capabilities and intent to disseminate a variety of biologic agents has once again brought smallpox into the American consciousness. On December 13, 2002, recognizing that the global discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination over two decades ago had left most Americans unprotected and vulnerable to the ravaging effects of the virus, the President announced a precautionary measure to begin vaccinating teams of emergency responders. The program commenced January 24, 2003. In the ensuing months, public health departments scrambled to meet the goal of vaccinating approximately 500,000 first responders, a protected phalanx that could quickly and …
A Comparative Assessment Of Eu, Uk, French, Australian And Japanese Responses To Auditor Independence: The Case Of Non-Audit Tax Services, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
A Comparative Assessment Of Eu, Uk, French, Australian And Japanese Responses To Auditor Independence: The Case Of Non-Audit Tax Services, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Faculty Scholarship
Auditor independence was a global concern of financial regulators in the 1990's. Some observers saw this in a positive light, a natural development. Adjusting auditor independence rules was a manifestation of global convergence in corporate governance structures. New rules, especially rules leaning toward a harmonized system were welcome.
There was a more sobering view. This view held that global regulators were less concerned with convergence than they were with a sense of impending disaster. Things had gone too far. Significant, maybe even radical change was needed. The independence of corporate auditors had eroded; trust had been fundamentally compromised in the …
Using Tort Law To Secure Patient Dignity, Robin Fretwell Wilson
Using Tort Law To Secure Patient Dignity, Robin Fretwell Wilson
Faculty Scholarship
The practice of using anesthetized patients to teach pelvic exams on female patients in university hospitals has been well documented for years. A 1992 study showed that 37 percent of U.S. and Canadian medical schools allowed students to use anesthetized women without their consent to learn how to perform pelvic exams. Anecdotal accounts in the U.S. confirm that men are not immune from such indignities. Although patients have been unable, thus, far to enforce their own interests and protect their dignity, the tort system may yet succeed in securing the right of patients to decide who touches their bodies and …
Brief Of Keith N. Hylton As Amicus Curiae In Support Of Petitioners In Greg Johnson, Et Al. V. Ford Motor Company, Keith N. Hylton
Brief Of Keith N. Hylton As Amicus Curiae In Support Of Petitioners In Greg Johnson, Et Al. V. Ford Motor Company, Keith N. Hylton
Faculty Scholarship
This Court last addressed the legal framework for setting the amount of punitive damages in Adams v. Murakami (1991) 54 Cal.3d 105. In Adams, this Court declined to reach the argument advanced by the Association for California Tort Reform advocating “the profitability of the defendant’s misconduct” as the appropriate financial measure in fixing punitive damages. Id. at 116 n.7. For this argument to be advanced by such a pro-defendant trade association is hardly an anomaly. It appears typical, evidently based on the sensible assumption that in the setting of punitive damages, a focus on a defendant’s illicit profits will frequently …
Between Dialogue And Decree: International Review Of National Courts, Robert B. Ahdieh
Between Dialogue And Decree: International Review Of National Courts, Robert B. Ahdieh
Faculty Scholarship
Recent years have seen dramatic growth in the number of international tribunals at work across the globe, from the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, to the Claims Resolution Tribunal for Dormant Claims in Switzerland and the International Criminal Court. With this development has come both increased opportunity for interaction between national and international courts and increased occasion for conflict. Such friction was evident in the recent decision in Loewen Group, Inc. v. United States, in which an arbitral panel constituted under the North American Free Trade Agreement found …
Collective Security With A Human Face: An International Legal Framework For Coordinated Action To Alleviate Violence And Poverty, Jennifer Moore
Collective Security With A Human Face: An International Legal Framework For Coordinated Action To Alleviate Violence And Poverty, Jennifer Moore
Faculty Scholarship
Part I of this article will explore some of the diverse theoretical and cultural roots of the human security concept set forth in the U.N. Charter, as well as the limited historical impact of the human security concept in global affairs since the United Nation's birth. Part II confronts the negative impact of the "War against Terrorism" on the war against poverty by linking recent developments in Iraq and the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Finally, Part III analyzes the international law arguments supporting a legal obligation to promote human security in the U.N. Charter, various human fights instruments, and …
Sharing Sovereignty: Non-State Associations And The Limits Of State Power, Franklin G. Snyder
Sharing Sovereignty: Non-State Associations And The Limits Of State Power, Franklin G. Snyder
Faculty Scholarship
The subject of mediating associations and voluntary associations have received much attention in recent years. Both conservative and liberal scholars have invoked the idea that certain institutions that fall somewhere on the spectrum between the State and the Individual play a significant role in society and that they therefore ought to be protected and even cultivated. But much of this work proceeds from a flawed premise, and leads to an instrumental view of these non-State associations that requires that these institutions be justified based on their social utility. This view means that the utility of any given institution usually seems …
Corrective Justice, Equal Opportunity, And The Legacy Of Slavery And Jim Crow, David B. Lyons
Corrective Justice, Equal Opportunity, And The Legacy Of Slavery And Jim Crow, David B. Lyons
Faculty Scholarship
Chattel slavery was a brutally cruel, repressive, and exploitative system of racial subjugation. When it was abolished, the former slaveholders owed the freedmen compensation for the terrible wrongs of enslavement. Ex-slaves sought reparations, especially in the form of land, but few received any sort of recompense. The wrongs they suffered were never repaired.
No one alive today can be held accountable for the wrongs of chattel slavery, and those who might now be called upon to pay reparations were not even born until many decades after slavery ended. For some scholars, the lack of accountable parties makes current reparations claims …
Introduction Symposium: The Jurisprudence Of Slavery Reparations: Introduction, Keith N. Hylton
Introduction Symposium: The Jurisprudence Of Slavery Reparations: Introduction, Keith N. Hylton
Faculty Scholarship
On April 9th and 10th, 2004, Boston University School of Law sponsored a symposium titled The Jurisprudence of Slavery Reparations. As the principal conference organizers, we are pleased and a bit awestruck to see the symposium contributions published in this issue of the Boston University Law Review. The papers published here - in the first symposium of its kind in a major law review - should serve as an immensely valuable reference on the jurisprudence of reparations
Three Strikes And You're Outside The Constitution: Will The Guantanamo Bay Alien Detainees Be Granted Fundamental Due Process?, Michael Greenberger
Three Strikes And You're Outside The Constitution: Will The Guantanamo Bay Alien Detainees Be Granted Fundamental Due Process?, Michael Greenberger
Faculty Scholarship
The United States Supreme Court has agreed to take up its first case arising from the War on Terror by hearing the consolidated appeals of two groups of foreign aliens who are or who had been detained at the United States Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba: Rasul v. Bush (No. 03-334) and Al Odah v. United States (No. 03-343). The cases stem from the United States' capture of several hundred prisoners in Afghanistan and Pakistan and their subsequent imprisonment at Guantanamo Bay. The prison began operation in January 2002, and approximately 90 detainees have been freed up to this time, …
Unfilfilled Promises: Achieving Justice For Crimes Against Humanity In East Timor, Kelly Askin, Stefanie Frease, Sonja Starr
Unfilfilled Promises: Achieving Justice For Crimes Against Humanity In East Timor, Kelly Askin, Stefanie Frease, Sonja Starr
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Indefinite Material Witness Detention Without Probable Cause: Thinking Outside The Fourth Amendment, Michael Greenberger
Indefinite Material Witness Detention Without Probable Cause: Thinking Outside The Fourth Amendment, Michael Greenberger
Faculty Scholarship
A constitutional issue recently addressed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in United States v. Awadallah, 349 F.3d 42 (2003), has not received the widespread attention of high-profile litigation concerning the Justice Department's other controversial counter-terrorism policies. It is equally important. The issue arises out of Attorney General Ashcroft's announcement shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 that the aggressive detention of material witnesses [was] vital to preventing, disrupting or delaying new attacks. Since that time, the Department of Justice has used the federal material witness statute (18 U.S.C. Section 3144) to …
Should A Duty To The Corporation Be Imposed On Institutional Shareholders?, Roberta S. Karmel
Should A Duty To The Corporation Be Imposed On Institutional Shareholders?, Roberta S. Karmel
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Private Law And Public Stakes In European Integration: The Case Of Property, Daniela Caruso
Private Law And Public Stakes In European Integration: The Case Of Property, Daniela Caruso
Faculty Scholarship
In European legal discourse, the old public/private divide is experiencing a revival and a transformation. Member States used to claim autonomy in private law matters. Now private law is subsumed into a functionalist logic and can presumptively be harmonised if so demanded by the goal of market integration. States or local constituencies can only resist harmonisation by highlighting the connection between their private laws and those ‘public’ matters still immune from Europeanisation. Property law can effectively illustrate this phenomenon. The written pledge of non-interference with States’ property systems, restated both in the TEC and in the draft Constitution, cannot be …
Why Do Plaintiffs Sue Private Parties Under Section 1983, Jack M. Beermann
Why Do Plaintiffs Sue Private Parties Under Section 1983, Jack M. Beermann
Faculty Scholarship
The subject of this article is why people make federal cases, under section 1983,' out of claims they have against private parties. Section 1983 provides a cause of action against "any person" who, while acting "under color of' state law, subjects or causes the plaintiff to be subjected to a violation of federal constitutional or statutory rights. The requirement that the defendant act under color of law means that the typical section 1983 claim is brought against state and local government officials or entities, not against private individuals or entities. However, there are situations in which a private party (i.e. …
Bridging The Barriers: Public Health Strategies For Expanding Drug Treatment In Communities, Ellen M. Weber
Bridging The Barriers: Public Health Strategies For Expanding Drug Treatment In Communities, Ellen M. Weber
Faculty Scholarship
States around the country have begun to adopt programs to divert drug offenders from jails and prisons to community-based drug treatment services. For this strategy to succeed, local officials will need to expand the availability of outpatient and residential treatment programs and address the barriers to siting treatment services, the most significant of which are community opposition and government zoning policies that facilitate community resistance. Civil rights laws, including the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Fair Housing Act (FHA), prohibit zoning discrimination against persons with histories of alcoholism and drug dependence and provide a solid legal foundation for …
Legal Writing And Academic Support: Timing Is Everything, Dionne L. Koller
Legal Writing And Academic Support: Timing Is Everything, Dionne L. Koller
Faculty Scholarship
The conventional wisdom is that legal writing and academic support go hand-in-hand. Most law schools assume that struggling students can be reliably identified for academic support through their first-year legal writing course, and that first-year legal writing instructors can fairly easily and effectively provide this support. Indeed, this is the prevailing view in current academic support and legal writing scholarship. Professor Koller's article challenges the conventional wisdom and instead points out several issues that should be considered if a law school relies on the first-year legal writing course as a component of, or in lieu of, an academic support program. …
Why Were Perry Mason's Clients Always Innocent? The Criminal Lawyer's Moral Dilemma - The Criminal Defendant Who Tells His Lawyer He Is Guilty, Randolph Braccialarghe
Why Were Perry Mason's Clients Always Innocent? The Criminal Lawyer's Moral Dilemma - The Criminal Defendant Who Tells His Lawyer He Is Guilty, Randolph Braccialarghe
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
New Rules For Supplier Bid Challenges Take Effect In China, Daniel J. Mitterhoff
New Rules For Supplier Bid Challenges Take Effect In China, Daniel J. Mitterhoff
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
A Principled Solution For Negligent Infliction Of Emotional Distress Claims, Robert J. Rhee
A Principled Solution For Negligent Infliction Of Emotional Distress Claims, Robert J. Rhee
Faculty Scholarship
This article examines negligent infliction of emotional distress, one of the most controversial and least uniform fields of tort law. A review of the judicial and scholarly literature has shown that traditional tort analysis fails. In its stead, the common law has not found an alternative theory of liability that balances the competing interests. Rather, the approach has been to create rules of law based on probabilistic templates. Its dual purpose is to preclude individualized analysis and to limit aggregate liability. This article rejects the current doctrines as inherently arbitrary and proposes a complete overhaul of the law. To find …
Regulate, Don't Eliminate, 527s, Donald B. Tobin
Regulate, Don't Eliminate, 527s, Donald B. Tobin
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Law Student Admissions And Ethics - Rethinking Character And Fitness Inquiries, Susan Saab Fortney
Law Student Admissions And Ethics - Rethinking Character And Fitness Inquiries, Susan Saab Fortney
Faculty Scholarship
This article expands on the use and recommended methods of including criminal background inquiries on law school applications. Part I of this article begins with an introduction to the ethics issues arising in connection with the admission of law students. Part II focuses on different purposes served by criminal background questions on the law school admission application, including screening applicants’ fitness to practice law. Part III considers the various ways law schools handle applicants’ nondisclosure and expands on the benefits of a modified amnesty program. Part IV explores how criminal background inquiries differ in depth, spanning from questions asking about …
Finding Lawyers For Employees In Discrimination Disputes As A Critical Prescription For Unions To Embrace Racial Justice, Michael Z. Green
Finding Lawyers For Employees In Discrimination Disputes As A Critical Prescription For Unions To Embrace Racial Justice, Michael Z. Green
Faculty Scholarship
At such a crucial time in our history, major concerns exist regarding the viability of labor unions and the capability of employees to pursue racial justice in the workplace with any success. Continued improvement within both movements may depend upon finding a cohesive intersection between them. With the race and class divide affecting relations between organized labor and black workers (a dilemma which must be explored in more detail), this Article offers the thesis that there remains an area of opportunity for justice where interests of unions and black employees may coalesce: providing legal assistance to unrepresented black employees in …
Chicken Little Lives: The Anticipated And Actual Effect Of Sarbanes-Oxley On Corporate Lawyers' Conduct, Susan Saab Fortney
Chicken Little Lives: The Anticipated And Actual Effect Of Sarbanes-Oxley On Corporate Lawyers' Conduct, Susan Saab Fortney
Faculty Scholarship
This article addresses the controversy surrounding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which was seen by many lawyers as threatening the relationship between lawyers and their corporate clients. Part I of this article introduces the topic by providing a brief history of the increased government regulation and enforcement actions that forced lawyers to reexamine their role in representing their clients, beginning with the case of SEC v. National Student Marketing Corp. Part II reviews the organized bar's reaction to Sarbanes-Oxley. Part III focuses on law firms' response to the legislation. Part IV considers the views of individual corporate and securities lawyers …
Intellectual Property At A Crossroads: Why History Matters, Peter K. Yu
Intellectual Property At A Crossroads: Why History Matters, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
Intellectual property is at a crossroads today. As the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights noted in its final report, “[o]ver the last twenty years or so there has been an unprecedented increase in the level, scope, territorial extent and role of IP right protection.” From the rapid privatization and commodification of information to the creation of property rights in bioengineered microorganisms and lifeforms, recent developments in the intellectual property field have sparked major controversies, calling into questions our values, worldviews, and the way society protects and incentivizes human creations and innovations. To grapple with these difficult questions, courts and commentators …
Hipaa Privacy And Security: Issues For Employer-Sponsored Health Plans, Mary Leto Pareja
Hipaa Privacy And Security: Issues For Employer-Sponsored Health Plans, Mary Leto Pareja
Faculty Scholarship
This article discusses issues about privacy standards and provides an overview of security issues related to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA"). Some of the privacy issues include who must comply, what information is protected, and permissible disclosure of protected information. The overview of security issues covers administrative, physical, and technical safeguards, as well as organizational requirements. Any practitioner who works with employers that sponsor a health plan for their employees should be aware of these issues, as this is a new area of potential risk for those clients.
The Origins Of Cctld Policymaking, Peter K. Yu
The Origins Of Cctld Policymaking, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
Extract:
A long time ago in a galaxy not so far away, there was a decentralized global network of computers. These computers shared information with each other regardless of how far apart they were and whether there was any direct line of communication between them. In the very beginning, this network was used exclusively by government and military agencies, educational and research institutions, government contractors, scientists, and technology specialists. Instead of the domain names we use today, such as “www. amazon.com,” users typed in numeric addresses, such as “123.45.67.89,” and, later, host names to send information to other computers.
This …
Currents And Crosscurrents In The International Intellectual Property Regime, Peter K. Yu
Currents And Crosscurrents In The International Intellectual Property Regime, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
Since the establishment of the TRIPs Agreement, intellectual property protection has been expanding rapidly, and many less developed countries have become dissatisfied with the international intellectual property regime. From bilateral free trade agreements to the increasing use of technological protection measures, many commentators fear that the recent "one-way ratchet" will roll back the substantive and strategic gains made by less developed countries during the negotiation of the TRIPS Agreement. Interestingly, intellectual property rightsholders feel equally threatened by the recent developments, in particular the development of the Doha Declaration, the World Summit on the Information Society, the WIPO Development Agenda, and …
Muss Es Sein? Not Necessarily, Says Tort Law, Anita Bernstein
Muss Es Sein? Not Necessarily, Says Tort Law, Anita Bernstein
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.