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Establishing An Environmental Audit Privilege To Promote Implementation Of The Iso 14000 Standards, James E. Plumhoff Mar 1999

Establishing An Environmental Audit Privilege To Promote Implementation Of The Iso 14000 Standards, James E. Plumhoff

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

This comment will attempt to address some of the issues surrounding the ISO 14000 standards and also the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme or EMAS standards. Part II of the comment will discuss the evolution and need for international standards such as ISO 14000 and EMAS. Part III will analyze the challenges to successful implementation of ISO and EMAS, particularly concentrating on the problems which may arise from the proliferation of information due to increased EMS audits. Part IV suggests that ISO audit privilege legislation be adopted by the U.S. Congress and that an ISO audit policy be adopted by the …


Ethical Issues For Lawyers On The Internet And World-Wide Web, J. T. Westermeier Jan 1999

Ethical Issues For Lawyers On The Internet And World-Wide Web, J. T. Westermeier

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The Internet is experiencing explosive growth. The global World Wide Web and Internet are being embraced by the legal community at a phenomenal pace. More and more lawyers are using the Web to promote their practices, disseminate information, communicate with clients and prospective clients, conduct legal research, and carry on the practice of law. This growing use of the Web by lawyers, both nationally and internationally, is raising numerous complex ethical questions.


Establishing An Environmental Audit Privilege To Promote Implementation Of The Iso 14000 Standards, James E. Plumhoff Jan 1999

Establishing An Environmental Audit Privilege To Promote Implementation Of The Iso 14000 Standards, James E. Plumhoff

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

This comment will attempt to address some of the issues surrounding the ISO 14000 standards and also the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme or EMAS standards. Part II of the comment will discuss the evolution and need for international standards such as ISO 14000 and EMAS. Part III will analyze the challenges to successful implementation of ISO and EMAS, particularly concentrating on the problems which may arise from the proliferation of information due to increased EMS audits. Part IV suggests that ISO audit privilege legislation be adopted by the U.S. Congress and that an ISO audit policy be adopted by the …


Execution Of Angel Breard: The United States Federalist System As Scapegoat For The Violation Of An Icj Order, Jane Amory Allen Jan 1999

Execution Of Angel Breard: The United States Federalist System As Scapegoat For The Violation Of An Icj Order, Jane Amory Allen

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

To quote the famous case, The Paquete Habana, "International law is a part of our law." When the Commonwealth of Virginia executed Angel Breard, the United States violated international law. Not only did the Commonwealth of Virginia violate the treaty obligations of its federal government, but the United States failed to comply with the Order of Provisional Measures set forth by the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The outpouring of official dualism through all stages of the case as well as the failure to afford the decision of the ICJ its due respect were affronts to the international community. Mr. …


State Regulation Of Federal Prosecutors: The Impact On Contact With Represented Persons In Virginia, Robert H. Burger Jan 1999

State Regulation Of Federal Prosecutors: The Impact On Contact With Represented Persons In Virginia, Robert H. Burger

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

The first section of this paper analyzes the ethics rule promulgated by the Department of Justice. The DOJ rule governs those circumstances in which federal prosecutors may communicate with individuals known to be represented by counsel, without the consent of such counsel. The second and third sections of this paper discuss the judicial and statutory rejection of the DOJ rule respectively. First, in O'Keefe v. McDonnell Douglas," the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reasoned that the DOJ lacked authority to promulgate their ethics rule. As a result of this conclusion, the Eighth Circuit held the DOJ rule …


The Fourth Circuit's Narrow Definition Of "Matters Of Public Concern" Denies State-Employed Academics Their Say: Urofsky V. Gilmore, Michael D. Hancock Jan 1999

The Fourth Circuit's Narrow Definition Of "Matters Of Public Concern" Denies State-Employed Academics Their Say: Urofsky V. Gilmore, Michael D. Hancock

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

While attempting to limit potential sexual harassment suits against the Commonwealth of Virginia, and also promote workplace efficiency, the Virginia General Assembly enacted legislation prohibiting state employees from accessing information containing sexual content from state-owned or leased computers without obtaining prior approval from their agency heads. Urofsky v. Gilmore concerns a suit brought by six faculty members employed by several state universities in federal district court alleging that the legislation infringed on their First Amendment free speech rights by unconstitutionally limiting their abilities to perform their jobs. Although the district court found for the plaintiffs, that decision was reversed on …


University Of Richmond Law Review Index Jan 1999

University Of Richmond Law Review Index

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Government Of The Living-The Legacy Of The Dead, Jon C. Blue Jan 1999

The Government Of The Living-The Legacy Of The Dead, Jon C. Blue

University of Richmond Law Review

Akhil Amar has written a stunning book about what he calls "the high temple of our constitutional order"-the Bill of Rights. The temple metaphor is revealing, for it is evident throughout his book that Professor Amar views the Constitution as a sanctified structure, the use of which is to be determined by a holistic study of the original blueprints and the surviving comments of the long-dead architects. This characterization is complicated but not fundamentally changed by the fact that Amar's story is, as the subtitle of the book proclaims, one of "creation and reconstruction." The creation is that of the …


Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel Jan 1999

Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel

University of Richmond Law Review

I start from the rather obvious proposition that in recent years the American public has placed a high value on the right of privacy. This general commitment to privacy was what kept Robert Bork, despite his qualifications, off the Supreme Court, and more recently it was what kept William Clinton, despite his behavior, in the White House. Bork's nomination was a threat to the constitutional right to use contraceptives and to choose abortion, while the impeachment charges against Clinton were a threat to the moral distinction between public political life and private sexual behavior. The power that the idea of …


The Constitution As A Whole: A Partial Political Science Perspective, Mark A. Graber Jan 1999

The Constitution As A Whole: A Partial Political Science Perspective, Mark A. Graber

University of Richmond Law Review

The Bill of Rights: Creationand Reconstruction ("The Bill of Rights")' is a professionally rewarding and disturbing masterpiece. The work is professionally rewarding because Professor Akhil Amar develops a meticulously detailed, historically sophisticated, and largely persuasive account of how the liberties set out in the Bill of Rights were originally understood and the original relationship between the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment. This is state of the art legal scholarship that will no doubt influence the way the next generation of constitutional lawyers and historians study fundamental constitutional rights. Professor Amar's book is professionally disturbing in part because, having …


Holding The Same-Sex Sexual Harassment Claim At Arm's Length: The Supreme Court's Strict [And Correct] Interpretation Of Title Vii In Oncale V. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., Thomas I. Queen Jr. Jan 1999

Holding The Same-Sex Sexual Harassment Claim At Arm's Length: The Supreme Court's Strict [And Correct] Interpretation Of Title Vii In Oncale V. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., Thomas I. Queen Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids an employer from "discriminat[ing] against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's ...sex." In addition to prohibiting discriminatory hiring practices based on the potential employee's sex, the Supreme Court has extended the language of Title VII to afford employees a remedy for sexual harassment in the workplace.


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Criminal Law, Carolyn V. Grady, Jennifer M. Newman Jan 1999

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Criminal Law, Carolyn V. Grady, Jennifer M. Newman

University of Richmond Law Review

This article summarizes most published criminal law decisions of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Virginia Court ofAppeals sitting en banc, issued between July 1, 1998 and July 1, 1999. This article also includes selected published panel opinions oftheVirginia Court of Appeals and a summary of the most significant criminal law enactments from the 1999 session of the Virginia General Assembly.


Conceptual Foundations Of Privacy: Looking Backward Before Stepping Forward, Robert A. Reilly Jan 1999

Conceptual Foundations Of Privacy: Looking Backward Before Stepping Forward, Robert A. Reilly

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

In cyberspace, as in today's real world, there seems to be confusion in regard to what privacy is and what it is not. One scholar, Ruth Granson highlights recent efforts to fully comprehend privacy: "the concept of privacy is a central one in most discussions of modern Western life, yet only recently have there been serious efforts to analyze just what is meant by privacy." Over the years, the conception of the nature and extent of privacy has been severely bent out of shape. The definitions and concepts of privacy are as varied as those in the legal and academic …


A Unified Approach To Cyber-Libel: Defamation On The Internet, A Suggested Approach, Barry J. Waldman Jan 1999

A Unified Approach To Cyber-Libel: Defamation On The Internet, A Suggested Approach, Barry J. Waldman

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The Internet is a global "super-network of over 15,000 computer networks used by millions of individuals, organizations, corporations and educational entities the world over."As the Internet has developed, it has become a medium not only for entertainment, but also an important source of information and news distribution. Because the Internet and the World Wide Web have developed into important resources for information and news, traditional media concerns and legal controversies have reached a level of growing importance. While it is true that much of the "development of the law concerning the . . . Internet [i]s in its infant stages,” …


Mcdade Amendment: Moving Towards A Meaningful Limitation On Wrongful Prosecutorial Contact With Represented Parties, Nina Marino, Richard Kaplan Jan 1999

Mcdade Amendment: Moving Towards A Meaningful Limitation On Wrongful Prosecutorial Contact With Represented Parties, Nina Marino, Richard Kaplan

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

In Part I, this article will examine the anti-contact rule, its history, goals, and the path it has taken in the context of prosecutorial contact with represented parties. Part II will discuss the McDade Amendment, its genesis and purpose. Part III will discuss the struggle undertaken by the Department of Justice [hereinafter "DOJ"] as it seeks to exempt its lawyers from the anti-contact rule. Finally, Part IV looks at arguments for and against prosecutorial exemption from the anti-contact rule.


Dickerson And The Future Of Miranda, Brenda E. Mallinak Jan 1999

Dickerson And The Future Of Miranda, Brenda E. Mallinak

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

Dickerson v. United States is one such case where the Fourth Circuit considered §3501 sua sponte and applied the statute in the absence of Miranda warnings. This action by the Fourth Circuit raises four issues which will be addressed in this paper. Part I addresses the issue of whether the federal executive branch can decline to enforce a law passed by Congress will be examined, as well as the related question of whether, in the face of executive refusal to use a law, can the courts sua sponte rely on that law to decide a case. In Part 11 the …


Refined Incorporation And The Fourteenth Amendment, Richard L. Aynes Jan 1999

Refined Incorporation And The Fourteenth Amendment, Richard L. Aynes

University of Richmond Law Review

In Professor Akhil Reed Amar's The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction, the voices of Founders, Federalists, Anti-Federalists, promoters of the Bill of Rights, contrarians of Barron v. Mayor of Baltimore, abolitionists, antislavery advocates, Fourteenth Amendment Republican Framers, ratifiers, and twentieth-century U.S. Supreme Court justices, all have their role. If they do not sing the same tune, at least their voices, under Amar's skillful direction, whether melody or harmony, alto or soprano, all harmonize to produce a clear song.


Justice And Mrs. Lewis F. Powell Jr.: A Son's Perspective, Lewis F. Powell Iii Jan 1999

Justice And Mrs. Lewis F. Powell Jr.: A Son's Perspective, Lewis F. Powell Iii

University of Richmond Law Review

I was very pleased to be asked to submit a Foreword for this dedicatory issue. I was nonetheless concerned that I could hardly be deemed an objective observer. Moreover, I am not qualified to critique my father's tenure on the Supreme Court. Nor can I offer any useful or interesting insight on his long years practicing law in Richmond. So, at first I resisted the Law Review's generous invitation.


Akhil Amar And The Establishment Clause, Andrew Koppelman Jan 1999

Akhil Amar And The Establishment Clause, Andrew Koppelman

University of Richmond Law Review

Does Akhil Amar's The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction ("The Bill of Rights") say anything about what the law should be today? The answer is not clear. The book is a study of the original meaning of the Bill of Rights and the transformation of that meaning by the Fourteenth Amendment. Its project is archaeological rather than prescriptive. It focuses on what the Constitution meant in 1791 and in 1866, not what it means now. Amar acknowledges that he has "merely set the scene" for an investigation into what impact twentieth-century (textual and other) developments have had on Constitutional …


The Concept Of Incorporation, Earl M. Maltz Jan 1999

The Concept Of Incorporation, Earl M. Maltz

University of Richmond Law Review

Akhil Amar's new book is by any standard a major contribution to the literature on the Bill of Rights. Amar skillfully combines historical research and legal analysis to give the reader a variety of fresh, important insights into the role that the first ten amendments have played in the evolution of the American constitutional system. Among the many innovative concepts in the book is Amar's treatment of the question of whether the Fourteenth Amendment was originally understood to incorporate the Bill of Rights. Rejecting the traditional dogmas of both incorporation and anti-incorporation theorists, he proposes a new theory-"refined incorporationism"-which focuses, …


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Legal Issues Involving Children, Robert E. Shepherd Jr. Jan 1999

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Legal Issues Involving Children, Robert E. Shepherd Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

The Virginia General Assembly once again acted in a very restrained fashion in addressing juvenile justice issues in the lengthening wake after the extensive statutory changes in 1994 and 1996. The newly enacted juvenile competency statute is an important innovation contained in the new article 18 oftitle 16.1 of the Virginia Code, and a study by the Virginia Bar Association on the applicability of the insanity defense in juvenile delinquency proceedings will further address the implications of mental health problems for children in trouble. One major issue in the delinquency area that arose during the past year involved the necessity …


Response: Continuing The Conversation, Akhil Reed Amar Jan 1999

Response: Continuing The Conversation, Akhil Reed Amar

University of Richmond Law Review

In The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction, I aimed to start a conversation, not end one. I am thus grateful for the generosity of the many fine scholars who in the preceding pages have graciously accepted the invitation to converse. And I am especially grateful for the extraordinary hospitality of the University of Richmond Law Review, which has kindly given a home to this conversation.


Execution Of Angel Breard: The United States Federalist System As Scapegoat For The Violation Of An Icj Order, Jane Amory Allen Jan 1999

Execution Of Angel Breard: The United States Federalist System As Scapegoat For The Violation Of An Icj Order, Jane Amory Allen

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

To quote the famous case, The Paquete Habana, "International law is a part of our law." When the Commonwealth of Virginia executed Angel Breard, the United States violated international law. Not only did the Commonwealth of Virginia violate the treaty obligations of its federal government, but the United States failed to comply with the Order of Provisional Measures set forth by the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The outpouring of official dualism through all stages of the case as well as the failure to afford the decision of the ICJ its due respect were affronts to the international community. Mr. …


State Regulation Of Federal Prosecutors: The Impact On Contact With Represented Persons In Virginia, Robert H. Burger Jan 1999

State Regulation Of Federal Prosecutors: The Impact On Contact With Represented Persons In Virginia, Robert H. Burger

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The first section of this paper analyzes the ethics rule promulgated by the Department of Justice. The DOJ rule governs those circumstances in which federal prosecutors may communicate with individuals known to be represented by counsel, without the consent of such counsel. The second and third sections of this paper discuss the judicial and statutory rejection of the DOJ rule respectively. First, in O'Keefe v. McDonnell Douglas," the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reasoned that the DOJ lacked authority to promulgate their ethics rule. As a result of this conclusion, the Eighth Circuit held the DOJ rule …


Mcdade Amendment: Moving Towards A Meaningful Limitation On Wrongful Prosecutorial Contact With Represented Parties, Nina Marino, Richard Kaplan Jan 1999

Mcdade Amendment: Moving Towards A Meaningful Limitation On Wrongful Prosecutorial Contact With Represented Parties, Nina Marino, Richard Kaplan

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

In Part I, this article will examine the anti-contact rule, its history, goals, and the path it has taken in the context of prosecutorial contact with represented parties. Part II will discuss the McDade Amendment, its genesis and purpose. Part III will discuss the struggle undertaken by the Department of Justice [hereinafter "DOJ"] as it seeks to exempt its lawyers from the anti-contact rule. Finally, Part IV looks at arguments for and against prosecutorial exemption from the anti-contact rule.


The Original Understanding Of The Seventh Amendment Right To Jury Trial, Stanton D. Krauss Jan 1999

The Original Understanding Of The Seventh Amendment Right To Jury Trial, Stanton D. Krauss

University of Richmond Law Review

I ought to be very angry with my friend Akhil Amar. His new book, The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction, strengthens, develops, and popularizes his strikingly original claim that the meaning of our Bill of Rights must be sought in the understanding of the people who enacted the Fourteenth Amendment, rather than that of James Madison and his contemporaries. If Akhil carries the day on this question-and I find his arguments quite powerful, my ongoing research into the original meaning of the Bill will be of interest only to antiquarians.


Two Movements Of A Constitutional Symphony: Akhil Reed Amar's The Bill Of Rights, Kurt T. Lash Jan 1999

Two Movements Of A Constitutional Symphony: Akhil Reed Amar's The Bill Of Rights, Kurt T. Lash

University of Richmond Law Review

A remarkable effort is afoot to justify American constitutional law at the end of the twentieth century. Ground zero in this effort is Yale Law School, and the principle architects are professors Akhil Reed Amar and Bruce Ackerman. Together, these scholars are calling for a reevaluation of commonly accepted doctrines with the goal of grounding judicial review and constitutional interpretation on the principles of popular sovereignty. What makes the effort remarkable is its emphasis on political morality, as opposed to the attainment of a particular doctrinal end. Take, for example, Amar's explanation of his purpose in writing The Bill of …


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Workers' Compensation, Daniel E. Lynch Jan 1999

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Workers' Compensation, Daniel E. Lynch

University of Richmond Law Review

This article addresses recent developments in the law ofworkers' compensation, as reflected in decisions of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Virginia Court of Appeals, and through new legislation. Areas discussed include (1) injury by accident claims; (2) occupational disease claims; (3) benefits and coverage under the Workers' Compensation Act; and (4) 1999 legislative changes affecting workers' compensation.


Austin Owen Lecture: Litigating The Holocaust, Michael J. Bazyler Jan 1999

Austin Owen Lecture: Litigating The Holocaust, Michael J. Bazyler

University of Richmond Law Review

The Austin Owen Lecture was established in honor of the Honorable Austin E. Owen through the generosity of his daughter, Dr. Judith O. Hopkins, W'74, and son-in-law, Dr. Marbry B. Hopkins, R'74. The Honorable Austin E. Owen attended Richmond College from 1946-47 and received his law degree from the University of Richmond School of Law in 1950. During his distinguished career, Judge Owen served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia; a partner in Owen, Gray, Rhodes, Betz, Smith and Dickerson; and was appointed Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit of Virginia where he served until …


The Duty To Treat Asymptomatic Hiv-Positive Patients Or Face Disability Discrimination Under Abbott V. Bragdon: The Scylla And Charybdis Facing Today's Dental And Health Care Providers, Lisa Taylor Hudson Jan 1999

The Duty To Treat Asymptomatic Hiv-Positive Patients Or Face Disability Discrimination Under Abbott V. Bragdon: The Scylla And Charybdis Facing Today's Dental And Health Care Providers, Lisa Taylor Hudson

University of Richmond Law Review

Imagine yourself in the following scenario. You are an experienced dentist with a small private practice, and you routinely accept new patients and referrals. One of your long-time patients is scheduled for a routine tooth cleaning and dental examination. You make every effort to keep updated documentation on your patients, and in that pursuit, you request that the. patient complete a basic written health questionnaire. In the section relating to medications and relevant medical history, the patient reveals that she is taking medications for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ("AIDS"),' and that she has tested positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus ("HIV-positive").