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Practical Applications Of Biomechanical Principles In Resistance Training: Neuromuscular Factors And Relationships, Jason Lake, Paul A. Swinton, Justin Keogh
Practical Applications Of Biomechanical Principles In Resistance Training: Neuromuscular Factors And Relationships, Jason Lake, Paul A. Swinton, Justin Keogh
Justin Keogh
This paper is the second in our three part series examining how a variety of biomechanical principles and concepts have direct relevance to the prescription of resistance training for the general and athletic populations as well as for musculoskeletal injury rehabilitation. In this paper, we considered different neuromuscular characteristics of resistance exercise. We started by defining the causes of motion, discussing force and Newton’s second law of linear motion. This led to discussion of impulse, and how its relationship with momentum can be used to study force-time curves recorded from different ground-based resistance exercises. This enables the sports biomechanist to …
The Locomotor Kinematics Of Asian And African Elephants: Changes With Speed And Size, John R. Hutchinson, Delf Schwerda, Daniel J. Famini, Robert H.I. Dale, Martin S. Fischer, Rodger Kram
The Locomotor Kinematics Of Asian And African Elephants: Changes With Speed And Size, John R. Hutchinson, Delf Schwerda, Daniel J. Famini, Robert H.I. Dale, Martin S. Fischer, Rodger Kram
Robert H. I. Dale
For centuries, elephant locomotion has been a contentious and confusing challenge for locomotion scientists to understand, not only because of technical difficulties but also because elephant locomotion is in some ways atypical of more familiar quadrupedal gaits. We analyzed the locomotor kinematics of over 2400 strides from 14 African and 48 Asian elephant individuals (body mass 116-4632 kg) freely moving over ground at a 17-fold range of speeds, from slow walking at 0.40 m s-1 to the fastest reliably recorded speed for elephants, 6.8 m s-1. These data reveal that African and Asian elephants have some subtle differences in how …
The Effects Of Insoles On Loading Rate In Level Running, Crystal Ruano, Douglas Powell, Doug Renshaw, Elizabeth Chalambaga, Matthew Bice
The Effects Of Insoles On Loading Rate In Level Running, Crystal Ruano, Douglas Powell, Doug Renshaw, Elizabeth Chalambaga, Matthew Bice
Doug Renshaw
Introduction: Running is one of the most popular recreational sports in America with over 250 million regular runners. Recreational and competitive runners often experience over-use injuries including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis and stress fractures. Previous research has shown that the transmission of ground reaction force through the lower extremity leads to these over-use injuries; however, it is not solely the magnitude of vertical ground reaction forces, but also the rate at which these forces are applied that may lead to lower extremity injury. Many recreational runners will use over-the-counter insoles as a method of treating an injury or as a …
Strength And Hypertrophy Responses To Constant And Decreasing Rest Intervals In Trained Men Using Creatine Supplementation, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Richard Bloomer, Richard D. Leite, Steven J. Fleck, Paulo R. Oliveira, Robert Simao
Strength And Hypertrophy Responses To Constant And Decreasing Rest Intervals In Trained Men Using Creatine Supplementation, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Richard Bloomer, Richard D. Leite, Steven J. Fleck, Paulo R. Oliveira, Robert Simao
Jeffrey Willardson
The purpose of the current study was to compare strength and hypertrophy responses to resistance training programs that instituted constant rest intervals (CI) and decreasing rest intervals (DI) between sets over the course of eight weeks by trained men who supplemented with creatine monohydrate (CR).
Motor Variability In Sports: A Nonlinear Analysis Of Race Walking, Ezio Preatoni, Manuela Ferrario, Giulia Dona, Joseph Hamill, Renato Rodano
Motor Variability In Sports: A Nonlinear Analysis Of Race Walking, Ezio Preatoni, Manuela Ferrario, Giulia Dona, Joseph Hamill, Renato Rodano
Joseph Hamill
This aim of this study was to analyse the nature of movement variability and to assess whether entropy measures may represent a valuable synthetic index of neuromuscular organization. The regularity of kinematic/kinetic time series during race walking, the changes in the structure of intra-individual variability over the test session, and the influence of athletic skill in (inter)national rank athletes were investigated. Motion analysis techniques were used. Sample entropy (SampEn) was adopted to examine fluctuations in lower limb angles and ground reaction forces. The regularity of both original and surrogate time series was assessed and compared, by estimating SampEn, to verify …
Effect Of Surface Stability On Core Muscle Activity For Dynamic Resistance Exercises, Jeffrey Willardson, Fabio E. Fontana, Eadric Bressel
Effect Of Surface Stability On Core Muscle Activity For Dynamic Resistance Exercises, Jeffrey Willardson, Fabio E. Fontana, Eadric Bressel
Jeffrey Willardson
To compare core muscle activity during resistance exercises performed on stable ground vs. the BOSU Balance Trainer. Methods: Twelve trained men performed the back squat, dead lift, overhead press, and curl lifts. The activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, transversus abdominis/internal oblique abdominis, and erector spinae muscles was assessed. Subjects performed each lift under three separate conditions including standing on stable ground with 50% of a 1-RM, standing on a BOSU Balance Trainer with 50% of a 1-RM, and standing on stable ground with 75% of a 1-RM. Results: Significant differences were noted between the stable 75% of …
In Vivo Lumbo-Sacral Forces And Moments During Constant Speed Running At Different Stride Lengths, Joseph Seay, W. Scott Selbie, Joseph Hamill
In Vivo Lumbo-Sacral Forces And Moments During Constant Speed Running At Different Stride Lengths, Joseph Seay, W. Scott Selbie, Joseph Hamill
Joseph Hamill
The aim of this study was to introduce a Newton–Euler inverse dynamics model that included reaction force and moment estimation at the lumbo-sacral (L5-S1) and thoraco-lumbar (T12-L1) joints. Data were collected while participants ran over ground at 3.8 m s71 at three different stride lengths: preferred stride length, 20% greater than preferred, and 20% less than preferred. Inputs to the model were ground reaction forces, bilateral lower extremity and pelvis kinematics and inertial parameters, kinematics of the lumbar spine and thorax and inertial parameters of the lumbar segment. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed on the lower extremity sagittal kinematics and …