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Beyond Recognition: The Significance Of External Legitimacy For De Facto States In The Global Arena, Megan K. Payler Ms
Beyond Recognition: The Significance Of External Legitimacy For De Facto States In The Global Arena, Megan K. Payler Ms
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This dissertation investigates the concept of external legitimacy and its implications for de facto states in the international system. Previous research on state recognition has primarily relied on United Nations recognition as a binary measure, neglecting the nuanced variation in the external legitimacy of de facto states. To address this gap, this study introduces a new External Legitimacy Dataset and develops a comprehensive measure of external legitimacy. Using this dataset, the study demonstrates the utility of the measure by providing latent estimates for 31 de facto states and predicting violence based on their level of external legitimacy. The results indicate …
Nato Cyber Defence, 2000-2022, Ryan J. Atkinson
Nato Cyber Defence, 2000-2022, Ryan J. Atkinson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The emergence of more devastating and organized cyber attacks by non-attributable threat actors internationally raises questions about whether classical deterrence theory in its contemporary form has assisted important military defence alliances, like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), to adapt to the changing threat landscape. The timeline of the NATO Alliance's adaptation to external cyber threats is examined at critical historical junctures. Changes and adaptation within internal policy-making processes at NATO headquarters and its affiliated centres, think tanks, and military bases are analysed with input from informed decision-makers. The research project demonstrates that NATO policy substantively changed over the period …