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Bio-Property Contracts In A New Ecosystem: Genetic Resources Access And Benefit Sharing, Mariko Kageyama
Bio-Property Contracts In A New Ecosystem: Genetic Resources Access And Benefit Sharing, Mariko Kageyama
Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity presents a relatively new international legal framework. Although the United States is not currently bound by this legal instrument, its impact may be felt in the life sciences innovation sector and beyond. Transnational implementation mechanisms for the Nagoya Protocol have a combination of property law and contract law as their theoretical underpinning. Stakeholders who are entering into an agreement with their foreign counterparts should honor the Access and Benefit-Sharing scheme as well as domestic …
Changing The Rules Of The (International) Game: How International Law Is Turning National Courts Into International Political Actors, Osnat Grady Schwartz
Changing The Rules Of The (International) Game: How International Law Is Turning National Courts Into International Political Actors, Osnat Grady Schwartz
Washington International Law Journal
Courts are known to be political actors. National courts play the political game in the national domain. International courts play it in the international sphere. This article studies the transformation of national courts into international political actors (IPAs), and the part international law plays in so making them. The article identifies, categorizes, and demonstrates the influence of national courts and judges on international relations (IR), separating the influence into two main categories: direct and indirect. Direct influence, is the effect of a national court taking a position on international issues in concrete situations with immediate IR implications. Indirect influence is …