Digital Commons Network^™

Ending Demand For Modern-Day Slavery: An Analysis Of Human Trafficking In The Global Marketplace, Rachel Leach

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The purpose of this paper is to inform readers of the prevalence of and increasing demand for human trafficking, both domestically and globally, and to propose necessary next steps governments must take in order to end the demand for such human exploitation. This paper will closely analyze the issue of trafficking humans for sex and labor within the Western Hemisphere and throughout Asia by using the United States and China as primary case studies. These case studies analyze the specific actions or inactions taken by the United States and Chinese governments to combat modern day slavery, as well as the …

Volume 1 (February 2021)

Graduate Legal Studies and International Programs Newsletter

A newsletter produced jointly by the Indiana University Maurer School of Law Office of Graduate Legal Studies and Office of International Programs.

The Persecution Of Stones: War Crimes, Law's Autonomy And The Co-Optation Of Cultural Heritage, Timothy W. Waters

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In 1567, a bridge was built over a river in Bosnia-a bridge widely seen as a work of great beauty. In 1993, it was destroyed in a war. What did its destruction mean? Was it a crime-and which one? An assault on culture-and whose? Between 2004 and 2017, a trial held in The Hague sought to answer these questions. The way it did-the assumptions and categories the prosecutors and judges deployed, the choices they made-tells us something important about how law operates and how it appropriates other bodies of knowledge, whether in a now-obscure Balkan conflict or on the battlefields …

The Rome Statute: Global Justice And The Asymmetries Of Recognition, Hans Lindahl

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Given the emergence of challenges that are increasingly global in nature, and given the irreducible contingency of state borders, it would seem that justice must become global justice: justice that takes shape through a legal order that holds for all of humanity and everywhere. But is justice for all and everywhere possible? At issue, in this question, is not a rearguard defense of the state and state law. Instead, the question concerns the globality of global law and global justice. Is any legal order possible, global or otherwise, that organizes itself as an inside without an outside, that is, which …

Politics, Power Dynamics, And The Limits Of Existing Self-Regulation And Oversight In Icc Preliminary Examinations, Asaf Lubin

Books & Book Chapters by Maurer Faculty

Professor Lubin's contribution to volume 2 is titled, "Politics, Power Dynamics, and the Limits of Existing Self-Regulation and Oversight in ICC Preliminary Examinations," pp. 77-150.

Should the normative framework that governs the International Criminal Court’s (‘ICC’) oversight concerning preliminary examinations undergo a reform? The following chapter answers this question in the affirmative, making the claim that both self-regulation by the Office of the Prosecutor (‘OTP’) and quality control by the Pre-Trial Chamber (‘PTC’) currently suffer from significant deficiencies, thus failing to reach the optimum point on the scale between absolute prosecutorial discretion and absolute control. The chapter demonstrates some of …

"We Only Spy On Foreigners": The Myth Of A Universal Right To Privacy And The Practice Of Foreign Mass Surveillance, Asaf Lubin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

The digital age brought with it a new epoch in global political life, one neatly coined by Professor Philip Howard as the “pax technica.” In this new world order, government and industry are “tightly bound” in technological and security arrangements that serve to push forward an information and cyber revolution of unparalleled magnitude. While the rise of information technologies tells a miraculous story of triumph over the physical constraints that once shackled mankind, these very technologies are also the cause of grave concern. Intelligence agencies have been recently involved in the exercise of global indiscriminate surveillance, which purports to go …

A Treaty On Enforcing Human Rights Against Business: Closing The Loophole Or Getting Stuck In A Loop?, Pierre Theilbörger, Tobias Ackermann

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This Article takes a human rights law perspective on the issue of enforcing corporate social responsibility. While corporations receive a variety of rights under international law, they do not equally hold a corresponding set of duties. The Article assesses the merits and shortcomings of existing initiatives to bridge this gap, in particular the Special Representative to the Secretary-General's (legally nonbinding) Framework and Guiding Principles, as well as the most recent initiative at the United Nations Human Rights Council on developing a (legally binding) treaty on business and human rights. While emphasizing that existing legal frameworks-such as human rights law, international …

The Problem Of Shared Irresponsibility In International Climate Law, Daniel H. Cole

Articles by Maurer Faculty

States have treaty-based and customary international law-based responsibilities to ensure that greenhouse gas emissions emanating from their territory do not cause transboundary harm. However, those international legal responsibilities conflict with the observed behavior of states, which suggests a general rule of irresponsible treatment of the global commons. This paper, written for a conference (and eventual book) on shared responsibility in international law, examines that conflict and two potential mechanisms for resolving it: (1) international litigation and (2) various types of polycentric approaches to climate governance.

Several international legal scholars have been advocating litigation as a means of compensating victims and …

The Unconvincing Case Against Private Prisons, Malcolm M. Feeley

Indiana Law Journal

In 2009, the Israeli High Court of Justice held that private prisons are unconstitutional. This was more than a domestic constitutional issue. The court anchored its decision in a carefully reasoned opinion arguing that the state has a monopoly on the administration of punishment, and thus private prisons violate basic principles of modern democratic governance. This position was immediately elaborated upon by a number of leading legal philosophers, and the expanded argument has reverberated among legal philosophers, global constitutionalists, and public officials around the world. Private prisons are a global phenomenon, and this argument now stands as the definitive principled …

The Applicability Of The Crime Of Aggression To Armed Conflicts Involving Quasi-States, Hyeyoung Lee

Maurer Theses and Dissertations

The crime of aggression, as defined in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, is only applicable to inter-state armed conflicts. There is, however, a gray area when an armed conflict erupts in the territory of a recognized state and initially looks like civil war, but has international elements such as the involvement of a quasi-state whose status and rights are disputed in international law. Resolving the issue of whether the crime of aggression is applicable to disputes involving quasi-states is important because (1) there are many quasi-states throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa; and (2) quasi-states are a …

Sinister Translations: Law's Authority In A Post-9/11 World, Jothie Rajah

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

What does the killing and burial of bin Laden tell us about the sites, sources, and nature of law's authority in a post-'9/11' world?1 If law is constituted by "acts of language [that] are actions in the world,'2 then the law embodied by these events is discernible through an analysis of Obama's announcement on the killing of bin Laden. Obama's announcement avoids the term 'law' yet makes present the relationship between 'law,' justice,' legitimacy, and violence. Through critical theory on language, translation, and political myth, this paper explores the translations at work in constructing law's authority for a post-9/11 world. …

The Movement Of U.S. Criminal And Administrative Law: Processes Of Transplanting And Translating, Toby S. Goldbach, Benjamin Brake, Peter Katzenstein

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This article examines the transplanting and translating of law in the domains of criminal procedure and administrative law. The transnational movement of law is full of unexpected twists and turns that belie the notion of the United States as a legal behemoth. Furthermore, the movement of legal procedures which occurs both within and across countries with common and civil law legal traditions challenges preconceived notions of an orderly divide between legal families. While the spread of elements of the U.S. jury system and methods of plea bargaining reveals the powerful influence of U.S. legal ideas, the ways that these procedures …

Legal Education: Globalization, And Institutional Excellence: Challenges For The Rule Of Law And Access To Justice In India, C. Raj Kumar

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Legal education plays an important role in developing lawyers who act as social engineers and work towards the cause of nation building. In a globalized world, law schools face the challenges of increased foreign competition and reduction of the role of the state. At the same time, globalization affords space for re-examining higher education systems by affording opportunity for establishing global universities with international collaborations and programs. This article examines the role of law schools in India and proposes reforms in Indian legal education system in the light of globalization. It examines how the private sector in India can contribute …

Public Interest Litigation In India As A Paradigm For Developing Nations, Zachary Holladay

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Public interest litigation (PIL) in India can serve as a vehicle for creating and enforcing rights and is critical to the sustenance of democracy. PIL in India can address the needs of its citizens when legislative inertia afflicts the Indian National Congress. This Note discusses how PIL in India can serve as a model for other developing nations struggling with legislative inertia and can provide recourse to marginalized and disadvantaged communities. Furthermore, while PIL obscures the traditional boundaries of power in a liberal democratic polity, democracy is in fact strengthened by the expansion of standing to include any citizen who …

Troubling The Victim/Trafficker Dichotomy In Efforts To Combat Human Trafficking: The Unintended Consequences Of Moralizing Labor Migration, Kay Warren

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This analysis examines the violent predator/innocent victim paradigm employed by many governmental and nongovernmental organizations active in monitoring and combating transnational human trafficking. One common treatment of the issue moralizes victims as innocent women and children who have been deceived and coerced into exploitative sex work; another constructs human trafficking as modern day slavery which takes a variety of forms and requires foreign intervention to organize rescues and redemption. Both views see human trafficking, most especially sex trafficking, as an exceptional crime with distinct predators and victims and cultivate moral outrage as a strategic tool to combat coerced labor. This …

Immigration Control In An Era Of Globalization: Deflecting Foreigners, Weakening Citizens, Strengthening The State, Valsamis Mitsilegas

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

In stark contrast to the field of legislation on the rights of third country nationals or to the requirements and conditions for access to the territory of states, the field of the enforcement of immigration control has been increasingly subject to legal harmonization: either by the adoption of global law on immigration control or by the convergence of domestic law and policy in the field. This convergence is particularly marked when one compares legal responses to immigration control in the United States and the European Union, where globalization has been used to justify the extension of state power-by proclaiming state …

The Pluralism Of International Criminal Law, Alexander K. A. Greenwalt

Indiana Law Journal

This Article develops a pluralistic account of substantive international criminal law (ICL). Challenging the dominant assumption among theorists and practitioners, it argues that the search for consistency and uniformity in ICL is misguided, that the law applicable to international crimes should not be the same in all cases, and that those guilty of like crimes should not always receive like sentences. In lieu of a one-size-fits-all criminal law, this Article proposes a four-tiered model of ICL that takes seriously the national laws of the state or states that, under normal circumstances, would be expected to assert jurisdiction over a case. …

The Rule Of Law Through Its Economies Of Appearances: The Making Of The African Warlord, Kamari Maxine Clarke

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The global reach of international law is now becoming relevant to the micromanagement of daily life. In postcolonial African states, everyday actions and their meanings are being opened up by the expansion of national jurisdiction into international jurisdiction. In relation to these changing technologies of managing shifting regimes of power, this article explores the ways that the spectacle of the rule of law is linked to the spectacle of capitalism. By examining the workings of victim and witness testimonies in the Special Court of Sierra Leone, I examine the ways that spectacles of law and articulations of suffering displace the …

A Kind Of Judgment: Searching For Judicial Narratives After Death, Timothy W. Waters

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Much of international criminal law's attraction rests on the 'authoritative narrative theory '--the claim that legal judgment creates incontestable narratives that serve as the foundation, or at least a baseline, for post-conflict reconciliation. So what happens when there is no judgment? This is the situation that confronted the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia when its most prominent defendant, Slobodan Milosevic, died. By turning scholarship's attention towards a terminated trial, this Article develops an indirect but powerful challenge to one of the dominant views about what international criminal law is for, with interdisciplinary implications for human rights, international relations, …

Poodles And Bulldogs: The United States, Britain, And The International Rule Of Law, Philippe Sands

Indiana Law Journal

Addison C. Harris Lecture

Civil Rights In International Law: Compliance With Aspects Of The "International Bill Of Rights", Beth Simmons

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

International law has developed what many might consider a constitutional understanding of individual civil rights that individuals can claim vis-à-vis their own governments. This article discusses the development of aspects of international law relating to civil rights and argues that if this body of law is meaningful, we should see evidence of links between acceptance of international legal obligation and domestic practices. Recognizing that external forms of enforcement of civil rights is unlikely (because doing so is not generally in the interest of potential "enforcers"), I argue that international civil rights treaties will have their greatest effect where stakeholders-local citizens-have …

Freedom Of Expression In The United Kingdom Under The Human Rights Act 1998, Eric Barendt

Indiana Law Journal

Symposium: An Ocean Apart? Freedom of Expression in Europe and the United States. This Article was originally written in French and delivered as a conference paper at a symposium held by the Center for American Law of the University of Paris II (Panthèon-Assas) on January 18-19, 2008.

"We're Very Apolitical": Examining The Role Of The International Legal Assistance Expert, Blake K. Puckett

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

International rule of law practitioners are important sources of knowledge transmission in the promotion of global governance. Yet they face significant barriers in their role as bearers of a globalizing legal culture. This article analyzes three of these barriers in the context of rule of law promotion in Central Asia. First, practitioners tend to dismiss the political nature of their work, which local actors then appropriate for their own purposes. Second, this misconception is amplified by the lack of adequate training, experience and continuity among rule of law practitioners. Third, the language barrier and the challenge of translation remain underappreciated. …

"Go After The Women": Mothers Against Illegal Aliens' Campaign Against Mexican Immigrant Women And Their Children, Mary Romero

Indiana Law Journal

Symposium: Latinos and Latinas at the Epicenter of Contemporary Legal Discourses. Indiana University School of Law-Bloomington, March 2007.

Securing The Global City: Crime, Consulting, Risk, And Ratings In The Production Of Urban Space, Katharyne Mitchell, Katherine Beckett

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The last decade has witnessed the rise of private transnational institutions that increasingly influence the organization and management of urban space. Two institutions are especially powerful in this regard: bond-rating agencies and global security firms. Bolstered by a discourse of risk and the need to securitize cities, these institutions have garnered enormous amounts of power with respect to urban social and spatial control. They are implicated in the imprisonment and displacement of marginalized populations, the intensification of gentrification, and general shifts in municipal funding priorities. The authors illustrate these themes through a case study of New York City, followed by …

Youth, Globalization, And The Law, Michael Grossberg

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

The Forgotten Threat: Private Policing And The State, Elizabeth E. Joh

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

What do Disneyland, the Abu Ghraib U.S. military prison, the Mall ofAmerica, and the Y-12 nuclear security complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee have in common? They have wildly different purposes, but they share a common characteristic as employers of private police. This answer-indicative of the prevalence and numbers of private police today-would have struck the nineteenth -century observer as evidence of a gross failure by the state. Yet that reaction, in turn, would seem odd to us. Vocal support of private police can be found among public police chiefs, lawmakers, and even President Bush.

What kinds of criticisms were once …

Beyond A Snapshot: Preventing Human Trafficking In The Global Economy, Janie Chuang

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Current legal responses to the problem of human trafficking often reflect a deep reluctance to address the socioeconomic root causes of the problem. Because they approach trafficking as an act (or series of acts) of violence, most responses focus predominantly on prosecuting traffickers, and to a lesser extent, protecting trafficked persons. While such approaches might account for the consequences of trafficking, they tend to overlook the broader socioeconomic reality that drives trafficking in human beings. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to reframe trafficking as a migratory response to current globalizing socioeconomic trends. It argues that, to be effective, countertrafficking …

Privatization, Prisons, Democracy, And Human Rights: The Need To Extend The Province Of Administrative Law, Alfred C. Aman

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Back to Government?: The Pluralistic Deficit in the Decisionmaking Processes and Before the Courts, Symposium. University of Trento, Italy, June 11-12, 2004.

Terrorism: The International Response Of The Courts (The Institute For Advanced Study Branigin Lecture), Michael D. Kirby

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

The Institute for Advanced Study Branigin Lecture