Digital Commons Network^™

Experiences Of Work Meaningfulness Through The Lens Of Work-Family Identity, Rebecca Aliya Steiner

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In today's growing workforce, there is a need for individuals to feel worthwhile and valuable for the work that they do in an organization, with the experience of meaningfulness at work seen as increasingly important among employees. The purpose of this study was to investigate work-family identity and its role in experiences of work meaningfulness. Specifically, we utilized a cross-sectional survey design to examine the moderating effects of boundary management and FSSB in determining the relationship between identity and experiences of work meaningfulness. We tested our hypotheses using data collected from 196 employees who were categorized as either “work-identified” or …

Toxic Leadership And Its Effect On Employees' Subjective Well-Being, Vaishnavi Waldiya

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Toxic leadership is an area of growing interest. The goal of my study was to investigate toxic leadership and how toxic leader behaviors relate to employee outcomes. Part of my goal was to examine the role of toxic leadership (taking other factors such as burnout, and workplace incivility) and how toxic leadership and other variables contribute to an employee's subjective well-being. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine the following effects: Toxic leadership behaviors and their effects on subjective well-being of the employee; and b) mediating roles of incivility and burnout on toxic leader behavior and the employee’s …

The Effects Of Innovative Work Culture And Training Quality On Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Emily Anne Garreton

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In the present study, I examined how innovative work climate influenced job training quality and behavioral intentions and perceptions of employees. Employee reactions to job training foreshadow workplace intentions and behaviors that employees might engage in. The intentions that were investigated were Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs) and the reduction of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). The sample consisted of 338 participants who have been employed recently. In a self-report questionnaire, participants recalled their perceptions of the job training at a current or recent job and indicated how likely or interested they were in committing certain work behaviors. Survey items were gathered …

Development And Validation Of The Employee-Supervisor Attachment Scale, Johnny Doherty

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Attachment theory and its connection to the workplace, as well as leader-member exchange (LMX) research, is reviewed before discussing strategies used for developing and validating the Employee-Supervisor Attachment (E-SA) scale. Analyses focused on an internal and external validation strategy. Study 1 consisted of item revisions from the Experiences in Close Relationships-Short scale (ECR-S) and SME ratings to develop the E-SA scale as well as a preliminary Exploratory Factorial Analysis to verify factor structure. Likewise, Study 2 tested the retained items to confirm factor structure, within a new sample, before assessing regressions between E-SA and relevant outcome variables. Furthermore, this project …

The Effects Of Organizational Justice, Anneliese Yuenger

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The aim of the present study was to examine the perceptions of organizational justice on employee outcomes of work engagement, burnout, turnover intentions, and presenteeism. The study used survey data from 329 employees who worked over 30 hours per week in the last six months. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28 and Hayes PROCESS Macro to assess descriptive statistics, correlation, simple linear regression, and mediated path analyses. The results of the study found that perceptions of organizational justice (POJ) positively related to engagement. An inverse relationship was found for POJ, burnout, turnover intention, and presenteeism. Overall, engagement and burnout were …

Employee Perceptions Of Stressors At Work: An Attachment Perspective, Emma Josephine Naudet

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The current study applied an attachment perspective to elucidate how individuals appraise stressors at work. Attachment theory proposes that individuals’ interactions with a caregiver shape their expectations and beliefs about the world, themselves, and others and predict how individuals behave. Attachment at work is a budding research topic because it informs the social aspect of work relationships, such as the leader-subordinate dyad. However, few studies have explored the potential of attachment security as a job resource. Our findings demonstrated strong support for our predictions about the relationship between transformational leadership, employee perceptions of demands and resources, and the potential explanatory …

The Impact Of Transformational Leadership And Workplace Relationships On Employee Burnout And Their Correlation To Turnover Intention And Organizational Commitment, Teni Davoudian

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Organizations are built through the contributions of their employees, which is why when employees leave, organizations suffer a significant loss. This can be foreseen by an employee’s level of organizational commitment and burnout which contribute to turnover intention. Measures can be taken to reduce burnout through nurturing leadership and the development of healthy workplace relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine the respective relationship between transformational leadership and workplace relationships on turnover intention and organizational commitment with interest in the mediating role of employee burnout. Leadership has a strong influence on individuals and organizations. It largely contributes to …

Authenticity, Support, And Identity Management In The Workplace For Transgender Employees, Raeven Jones

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Prior research has established the importance of understanding topics such as identity management and authenticity in the workplace for the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities. However, minimal research has been conducted on the unique experiences of transgender employees. Studying identity management for transgender employees can help researchers understand concealment and disclosure behaviors, which can impact employee work experiences. Efforts can be made to promote authenticity through a supportive environment inside the workplace and by encouraging inclusivity at work. Through interviews with 10 participants, this study identified precursors to authenticity for transgender employees, explored the support factors that influence the work …

Burning Out Of Time: The Relationship Between Future Time Perspective, Workaholism, Psychological Capital, Emotional Intelligence, And Burnout, Hira Ikram

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Time perspective refers to an individual’s perception of the passage of and remaining time in their life. The way individuals view their past, present, and future influences their behaviors and actions. Future time perspective (FTP) is one’s perception of time they have left in life. A short FTP refers to the perception that there is little time remaining in life, while a long FTP refers to the perception of a lot of time remaining in life. The current literature has found that unbalanced time perspective can lead to negative consequences, such as burnout and workaholism. Additionally, factors such as psychological …

Overtime Worked And Its Effect On Burnout, Illness, And Health Outcomes, Haoqiu Zhang

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Professional employees at work deal with stressors such as extensive workload and coursework, prolonged work and class schedules, overtime, and performance concerns from their supervisors and managers. The length of time working, the pressure one has in one's work life, and the amount of overtime can be a predictor of burnout (Brown & Pranger, 1992), and employees being burnt out can result in numerous issues in people’s health. Working overtime, as a stressor, is very common in the workplace and has continuously increased among employees (Hetrick, 2000). The primary purpose of this study was to explore the effect of overtime …

The Role Of Organizational Support In The Relationship Between Safety Climate And Organizational Outcomes, Lee Chambers

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Organizations employing individuals in high-risk or safety-sensitive occupations (e.g., construction workers, commercial drivers, pilots, and oil rig workers) face the challenge of ensuring their employees’ safety and well-being amidst various hazards and dangerous situations. To address this, cultivating a positive safety climate has been identified as a crucial factor in reducing workplace accidents or injuries. However, despite its importance, the link between safety climate and non-safety outcomes remains underexplored in the literature. In response, this study proposed a model based on social exchange theory, which highlights the crucial role of organizational support in explaining the relationship between safety climate and …

To Prevent Or To Deceive: The Effects Of Organizational Justice On Malingering And Workplace Injury Via Psychological Contract Breach And Safety Climate, Abraham Rico

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

We examined organizational factors (e.g., leadership styles, operating with a bottom-line mentality, and management based on inclusion) and their relationship with workplace injuries and malingering in this thesis. One of the goals for this study was to examine the extent to which these organizational factors influence justice perceptions, which in turn affected the outcomes of interest. It was hypothesized that the relationship between the organizational factors and malingering/injuries occurred through the formation of psychological contract breach or through the development of a safety climate. It was hypothesized that the pathways from Transformational Leadership and management based on inclusion will result …

The Influence Of Motivation, Role Identity, And Perceived Meaningfulness Of Work On The Relationship Between Volunteer Satisfaction And Volunteer Contribution, Tonia Christine Caraveo

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Volunteering, the act of donating time and effort to contribute to society is a unique form of helping that includes deliberate non-obligated services given one time or long-term. Utilizing an integrated approach incorporating the functionalist perspective and role identity theory as framework, the present study re-examined factors that influence volunteer contribution. The sample consisted of 161 participants who have donated time volunteering. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the model. Results of the structural equation model indicated the hypothesized model was not a good fit. As such, no significance was found among the expected relationships between volunteer satisfaction, …

The Influence Of Work-Life Balance Directionality On Retirement Decisions, Joshua Craig

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The retirement landscape is ever shifting and has become a dual-decision process more so now than ever before. Employees consider retirement through a family lens and particularly so when there is conflict between life and work domains. Researchers have suggested that work-life directionality does influence work-related decisions (Wiktorowicz, 2018). The impact of work-life directionality, however, on retirement choices has not been substantially examined. Further, socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to influence retirement decisions to some degree (Dushi et al., 2017). Therefore, in the present study, data from a total of 17,146 participants were used from the 2018 wave of …

Observing Gender Role Salience And Gender Role Flexibility As Potential Buffers Between Levels Of Household Responsibilities And Experiences With Work-Family Conflict And Role Overload, Roberta Alexis Salgado

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Despite the known link between the level of household responsibilities and negative experiences/outcomes (e.g. work-family conflict, role overload), few studies have observed how gender-role beliefs may impact these relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between level of household responsibilities and experiences with work-family conflict and role overload. Further, we considered potential buffers of these relationships by examining the moderating effects of gender role flexibility and gender role saliency. Data for the study were collected from a sample of employed parents, 18 years old or older, residing in the United States, who were currently married or …

Lgb Employment And Civil Rights Protections: Emphasizing Existing And Potential Policy For Improving The Lgb Hiring, Alexa Nicole Massiquet

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Much of the LGB employment research addressing discrimination suggests culture and policy changes for attracting more and retaining their current LGB employees. Some research suggests a cyclical nature between the acceptance of progressive policy and inclusive culture. While many researchers discuss the need for policies protecting LGB employees, little has been written about exactly how to do that. One method is to emphasize LGB non-discrimination policy and already existing gender non-discrimination policy during the hiring process. I built upon the work of other researchers, who emphasized LGB nondiscrimination during the hiring process by additionally emphasizing protections for employees based on …

Household Responsibilities And Experiences Of Work-Family Conflict And Well-Being Among Fathers: The Role Of Identity And Gender Role Beliefs, Rita Garcia

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Dual earner families are on a rise and there has been an increase of men participating in household responsibilities. Gender roles ideologies and identity salience influence how the division of labor is distributed within a household and may relate to work-family conflict in fathers when participating more in household responsibilities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of household responsibilities on working fathers’ experiences of work-family conflict and well-being, and to consider potential moderating effects of gender role ideology and identity salience. Results supported a positive relationship between household responsibilities and perceived stress in working fathers. …

Family-Supportive Supervisor Behavior And Fathers’ Work-Family Conflict, Talar Ohanian

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Research on fathers' work-family conflict has been minimal compared to mothers. However, the view of fatherhood and fathers’ involvement with their families has changed dramatically throughout the years. Unfortunately, many fathers do not take advantage of their organizational policies or other family benefits offered by their organizations. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of family-supportive supervisor behaviors and organizational policy utilization on fathers’ work-family conflict and mental health. In a sample of 311 fathers participating in a survey-based study, findings indicated that family-supportive supervisor behavior significantly reduces WFC, and policy utilization also greatly reduces WFC. Fathers’ …

I Am Out, Now What?: The Double-Edged Sword Of Being Justice-Involved, Eric J. Cazares

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The United States (U.S.) is at the forefront when it comes to sending its citizens to correctional facilities. The U.S. prison population is estimated to be around 2,100,000, with China trailing at 1,700,000. With staggering incarceration rates, both nationally and locally, officials have begun to act by enacting legislation that would reduce California’s prison population. According to the National Institute of Justice (2015), however, two-thirds (67.8%) of released individuals will recidivate within three years. One critical avenue in reducing recidivism is employment; justice-involved individuals who find employment are less likely to reoffend. Little is known about justice-involved organizational experiences, specifically, …

What Impact Can Conflict Resolution Skills Have On Conflict Experienced Within Culturally Heterogenous Virtual Teams?, Kellen Dohrman

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Even though there has been an increase in the use of virtual teams in organizations, there have been mixed findings on how effective they are in achieving organizational and personal success. In this study I sought to examine if conflict resolution skills could decrease the amount of conflict that culturally heterogenous virtual teams face. Specifically, this study examined the moderating role of conflict resolution skills on task and relational conflict within virtual teams. A total of 137 participants completed an electronic survey with items on task conflict, relational conflict, conflict resolution skills, cultural heterogeneity, interdependence, and team effectiveness.

It was …

How The Level Of Job Complexity Impacts The Gender Wage Gap Across Occupations, Zytlaly Magaña Corona

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The present study focused on unpacking the social and structural aspects of job complexity to better understand its effects on the gender wage gap. Previous research on the job complexity-compensation dynamic has primarily focused on cognitive complexity. Job complexity across occupations were examined using work activity data from O*NET and merging it with the Current Population Survey data sponsored by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (N=67,003). Results revealed that higher complexity jobs in this study yielded greater wage disparities across different occupations as predicted. Furthermore, physical activities and gaining knowledge from the Generalized Work Activities were the two most …

Antecedents And Outcomes Of Employee Organizational Orientation Perception, Kaleb Garcia

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The current study investigated the antecedents and outcomes of organizational orientation (production or employee oriented) through path-way analysis with maximum liklihood estimation procedures. This is a preliminary study to investigate the advantages organization will receive as a result of focusing on either employees (employee orientation) or production (production orientation). Additionally, this study contributes to the larger body of IO research by presenting a foundational model for organization in terms of employee and leadership selection, recruitment, and cultivation along with types of policies to implement to become more employee oriented. The antecedents investigated are healthy workplace policies (HWP), leadership behaviors (directive …

Demographic Differences In The Perceived Invasion Of Privacy When Social Media Is Used In Personnel Selection, Zayna Osborne

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The use of social media in personnel selection is a growing phenomenon amongst many organizations (Roth et al., 2016). However, different social media types, both personal and professional, arise when organizations use personal social media in personnel selection. The information present on personal social media platforms is often not relevant to the applicant's job qualifications. An important issue that arises when personal social media is used is the applicant's perceived invasion of privacy. There is very little literature that examines any demographic differences in the perceived invasion of privacy when social media is used in personnel selection. Understanding if there …

The Relationship Between Subtle Sexism And Women's Careers Explained By Cognitive Processes And Moderated By Attachment Styles, Patricia Carolina Rivera

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The present study investigated how experiences of subtle sexism related to women’s career outcomes. Prior research has focused on attitudes and impacts of subtle sexism, whereas this study focused on personal experiences of subtle sexism. Due to its normative nature, subtle sexism occurs often and can be difficult to classify as sexism. The study found that participants who encountered more subtle sexism reported lower levels of advancement perceptions and work engagement was indirectly impacted by subtle sexism. Interestingly, although it was expected that rumination would cause cognitive overload, participants in this study exhibited resilience which indirectly impacted their advancement perceptions. …

Retirement Planning Motivation From A Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (Rst) Perspective, Luke Poulter

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Retirement planning is a complex issue. There are plenty of challenges that individuals and governments confront regarding retirement planning. Understanding what motivates retirement planning is a critical element for individuals and governments to understand. Therefore, the primary goal of the current study was to extend the literature on retirement planning by expanding knowledge of what influences retirement planning by incorporating Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). RST is a neuroscientific theory of emotion, motivation, and learning, extended to personality psychology. It suggests three systems, the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), Fight–Flight–Freeze system (FFFS), and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). The BAS mediates responses …

The Impact Of Experiencing Ageism And Social Support On The Relationship Between Age And Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy, Sean Alexander

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In the present research I investigated the impact ageism has on older employees’ occupational self-efficacy, and whether social support could decrease or change the strength of the relationship. Another goal of the present study was to assess if age and occupational self-efficacy had a linear relationship. Considering that older workers are often targeted by instances of ageism, this study focused on the ageist experiences of employees who were 40 years or older. A sample size of 208 MTurk workers participated in the online survey. Respondents were asked to answer questions relating to their experiences of ageism in work the workplace, …

Refinement Of The Spitefulness Construct, Arturo Covarrubias-Paniagua

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In this research we reviewed the current definition of Spite in the psychology field and the current and historical definitions of Spite in other related fields. Given the narrow contemporary definition of spite used by psychological researchers, the first aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive and refined conceptualization of spite that differentiates it from similar aggressive behaviors, along with delineating conditions in which spite may arise. The second aim of this study was to create a measure of trait spitefulness and a measure of engagement in spiteful behaviors. A total of 156 respondents participated in this study, …

Felt Inclusion Among Sexual Minority Employees: The Roles Of The Organization And Supervisor, Jamie Michael Tombari

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ+) employees experience unique stress in the workplace due to their stigmatized concealable identity. This unique stress results in poor health outcomes, such as not feeling safe at work, decreased satisfaction with life, and increased emotional exhaustion. Research and theory have identified the importance of felt inclusion among employees. The purpose of this study was to test a model of how the intangible aspects of work (i.e., organizational efforts towards LGBQ+ inclusion, supervisor LGBQ+ inclusion, and felt inclusion) impact LGBQ+ employee job attitudes, health and well-being, and sexual identity management strategies. Additionally, two measures were …

Work-Related Communications After Hours: The Influence Of Communication Technologies And Age On Work-Life Conflict And Burnout, Alison Loreg

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Organizations are increasingly utilizing communications technologies (CT) (e.g., smart phones, tablets) for the purposes of work-related communications after hours. Such technologies allow workers to instantaneously interact with clients and co-workers, accomplish work-related tasks at home or on the weekends, and access information across physical and temporal boundaries. However, researchers have suggested that use of CTs after hours can cause conflict between the work and life domains and can negatively impact employee well-being. Furthermore, due to age-related declines, older employees may be especially vulnerable to such outcomes. This aim of this study is to investigate the influence on age on the …

The Incremental Effect Of Voluntariness Of Part Time Work Status Over Age In Predicting Work Motivation In Part Time Workers, Daniel A. Caro

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Much research has been done on work motivation in a variety of employment settings, with most of the research focused on full-time employees. Being that there are an increasing number of employees who work in contingent work settings, such as part time jobs, it is important to better understand what motivational factors are salient in these situations. In addition, researchers have looked at why employees choose to work part time and they have found that there are voluntary and involuntary reasons they choose to do so. Therefore, in the present study, I examined work motivation in part time workers. I …