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White Female Criminals In Civil War Richmond, 1860-1865, Frances Sisson

Honors Theses

This study tells the story of white female criminals and addresses the problem of the white female criminality and the resulting reaction of the patriarchal society in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War, specifically the years 1861-1864. During the Civil War, white female criminality became a daily occurrence because of the wartime conditions in Richmond, such as inflation and overpopulation. Because of the established patriarchal society and the lack of emphasis on the women's rights movement in the South, the female involvement in crime during the war was extremely shocking to the male driven society. The judicial system struggled with …

On The Record : The Visibility Of Race, Class, Gender, And Age In Richmond, Virginia's Newspaper Coverage Of 1960'S Sitdown Movement, Jill Eisenberg

Honors Theses

This research project is an analysis of the representation of race, class, gender, and age in local newspapers during the early 1960 civil rights' sitdown movement in Richmond, Virginia. Political figures and heads of media were predominantly older, elite, white- and male-oriented and -dominated. Through studying both white Richmond and African American Richmond newspapers, this thesis explores how these interlocking and interdependent systems of oppression and privilege affected the portrayal of groups and individuals in the media. Gender, race, class, and age cannot be studied in isolation from one another when analyzing the Civil Rights Movement and newspapers as primary …

The Gray Ghost's Sanctuary: Civilians In Mosby's Confederacy During The Civil War, James J. Cain

Honors Theses

This work examines why civilians in Mosby's Confederacy supported the 43^d Battalion of Virginia Cavalry. The tactics used by Mosby placed civilians at considerable risk with Union authorities, for his men did not live in a separate camp but stayed either in hideaways in the mountains or, more commonly, with families they knew in the area. The nature of the guerrilla warfare practiced by Mosby's men, which involved late night gatherings, lightning strikes on the enemy's weakest points, and then dispersal into the countryside until the next raid, frustrated the Federal commanders who fought against them. These commanders, however, …

The Botetourt Dragoons In War And Peace, Michael G. Henkle

Honors Theses

This thesis studies a Confederate cavalry company from the immediate prewar years through the war, ending with the death of one of its last members. Most soldiers were residents of Botetourt County, Virginia. The study focuses upon both the men themselves and the battles in which they fought. Letters, diaries, and postwar accounts reveal their thoughts. After the war, many took an active role in both veterans' affairs and their community by joining veteran camps and participating in politics. Near the end, many received pensions or stayed in old soldiers' homes.

The Businesswomen Of Richmond During The Civil War Era, Ilene Goldenberg

Honors Theses

The history of businesswomen, like the history of businessmen, is largely stories of failure. Most of the Richmond businesswomen during this period experienced no success, some achieved marginal success, and only a handful achieved great success. For every woman like Mrs. Lyons or Mrs. Philips, there were five who failed within five years. But when one of these businesswomen failed, the effects were generally restricted to that particular woman, since most of these women ran small businesses that did not employ many workers. While their lack of overall success stands out, these women were able to achieve more control over …

The Farmer's Revolt: The Election Of 1896 In Virginia, James D. Wright

Honors Theses

The United States during the nineteenth century passed from its infancy toward its ultimate role as a world power. Delayed by the bitter Civil War, the nation regained its footing moving rapidly toward a goal blurred by the distant future. With the development of a strong industrial backbone, the country was destined to compete with the major powers, France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia. By 1890 the United States lead the world in the production of iron and steel and soon surpassed all nations in the mining of coal. With an increased demand for industrial products the need for better …

The Transiational Period: Massive Resistance And Norfolkd, Va., Malnie Ijams Payne

Honors Theses

Segregation itself was not dead in Virginia, but it took on a more subtle approach. Governor Almond appointed a commission on the same day the schools opened in Norfolk to deal with the problem in a different way. The commission brought forth the Perrow or "freedom of choice" plan, lettin gparents decide if their children would attend an integrated school. No, segregation was not dead, it had just gone into hiding. When and if segregation ned altogether, whether it be "dejure" (by law) or "defacto" (by the fact), the transition from past attitudes of racial superiority to a "colorless" society …

Virginia Architecture In The Seventeenth Century : The Medieval Style, Elizabeth Neal Pitzer

Honors Theses

Virginia colonists recreated the old world in the new in the seventeenth century. They brought to America the medieval style of architecture so popular with the humbler classes of artisan and yeoman in England. People from this element of society, hoping to improve their fortunes, immigrated to the new world. Longing for familiar landmarks, they built homes in the traditional medieval style reminiscent of England. A medieval cottage was also a practical dwelling for the colonial family because it was fairly simple for the amateur builder to construct.

The Status Of Woman Suffrage In Virginia 1909-1920, Betty C. Pitts

Honors Theses

The woman suffrage movement in Virginia, as in other parts of the nation, must be viewed within the total context of reform which pervaded in the first two decades of the twentieth century in America. The evils associated with the industrial revolution, mass immigration, and the urban crisis produced in the minds of men and women a favorable climate for sweeping sociological changes. Despite the receptive attitudes of individual men and women, the woman suffrage movement could never have been successful without "a heroic mustering of effort....," which has never since been achieved by this same group expect during a …

Manumission Of Slaves In Fauquier County, Virginia, 1830-1860, Thomas C. Givens

Honors Theses

Efforts ro free slaves in the Unites States legally took two paths--manumission ofspecific slaces by individual masters and emancipation of all slaves by legislative or constitutional act. During the Civil War, all slaves in belligerent states received their freedom through emancipation. Prior to that time, in spite of agitation by Abolitionists and other groups, attempts of general emancipation failed in the South. In 1831-32, the General Assembly of Virginia seriously considered the possibility of emancipation couled with removal from the stae of the black population, but the proposition faile dbecause of the enormous practical difficulties which such an undertaking would …

The Rise And Fall Of The Farmers' Alliance Of Virginia, Nancy Byrd Manning

Honors Theses

The purpose of this paper is to trace the quick rise and

equally sudden fall of the Virginia State Farmers' Alliance. Emphasis

was given to the unique socio-economic conditions prevalent in Southern

Virginia during the latter part of the nineteenth century which forced

individual farmers into cooperation, and to the vacillating political

situation which precipitated the death of the Virginia Farmers' Alliance.

The structures and activities of the Alliance received particular attention

because they were extremely important in attracting and maintaining

membership.

Dairy Farms And Agricultural Prosperity In Virginia, 1890-1915, Harold E. Conover

Honors Theses

In the two-hundred-fifty plus years from the Jamestown landing to the first shots of the Civil War a careless, staple crop agriculture wrought havoc on thousands of acres in Tidewater and Piedmont Virginia. A Virginian looked around him in the Spring of 1859 and was moved to write: "Every county of Virginia from the Seaboard to the head of tidewater now present a standing monument against the ruthless destroyer tobacco, in a wilderness of piney old fields and gullied hillsides..."

Richmond And Virginia In The 1867 Election For A Constitutional Convention, Nelson Lankford

Honors Theses

The purpose of this paper is to present the reaction of Richmond's conservative white newspapers to the election in October 1867 for a constitutional convention. The three papers include the overtly racist Enquirer, the moderate Whig, and the Dispatch, which claimed a larger circulation than the other papers combined. All three newspapers, however, considered the Negro to be inferior and feared radical reconstruction as the ultimate disaster for Virginia. The press unanimously favored maintaining white supremacy and editorialized for the organization of conservative white opposition to the radical party in the October election.

The Agony Of Lindsay Almond : Virginia's Transition From "Massive Resistance" To "Freedom Of Choice", John G. Mizell Jr

Honors Theses

An analysis of the events in Virginia resulting from the Brown desegregation decision of 1954 has justifiably been the subject of considerable study. The importance of this period of "massive resistance" to integrated schools should not be minimized because the South looked primarily to the Old Dominion for leadership. However, studies undertaken thus far have concentrated principally on the initial reaction of Virginia to the decision and the formation of the maze of obstructionist measures contrived to prevent integration, while largely neglecting the important aspect of the state's use of the "freedom of choice" policy in Virginia's schools.

An examination …

Tobacco And Soil Relationships In Tidewater Virginia To 1670, Harold E. Conover

Honors Theses

The seventeenth century was the golden age of Virginia's Tidewater tobacco industry. The virgin soils had not yet been exploited by a careless agriculture. Before 1670, adventurous men had not planted west of the Fall Line, where superior tobacco land waited quietly. The shadow of chronic debt to his English factor had not yet fallen on the Virginia planter. Fortunes were still to be drawn from the rich earth; there was promise in the golden leaf for ambitious pioneers. The tobacco kingdom was young, and it was Spring in Tidewater.

Loyalists And Rebels : The Election Of 1928 In Virginia, Susan Parker

Honors Theses

The election of 1978 was a unique event in the political history of Virginia. For the first time since Reconstruction the state went Republican in a national election, Herbert Hoover getting 53.9% of the total vote. This was not the beginning of a definite trend because the state did not go Republican in a presidential election again until 1952. The hold of the Democratic Party over the people appeared as strong as ever on both the local and national levels after this bolt.

Since the Civil War the Republican Party in the South had been identified with Reconstruction, emancipation, and …

The Virginia Protestant Reaction To The Secession Crisis : October 1859-May 1861, Leonard Ira Sweet

Honors Theses

If the Virginia denominations could have forecast President Lincoln's request that the Commonwealth supply 2,340 troops to enforce the suppression of her sister southern states, unanimity would have prevailed from 1859 onward, and this paper would be unnecessary except for a single statement: The religious elements in Virginia endorsed secession. Although many of the clergy professed gifts of prophecy, their vision was eternal rather than secular. A religious calling meant exemplary stewardship as God's vassal, and as such their interests and concerns transcended political affairs. The men of the cloth kept abreast of current events, but as God's vice-regents, felt …

Virginia Agriculture 1840-1860, Susan Agee

Honors Theses

The eighteen country sample mentioned in the paper refers to a list of counties scattered throughout the present state of Virginia. Records of the West Virginia counties were unavailable. The countries were:

Tidedwater

• Hanover
• King and Queen
• Lancaster
• Nansemond
• Surry
• Westmoreland

Piedmont

• Albemarie
• Amelia
• Amherst
• Appomattox
• Halifax
• Fauquier
• Henry

Valley and Trans-Alleg

• Alleghany
• Augusta
• Shenadoah
• Floyd
• Russell

A Summary Of Existing Rural Land Use Legislation In Virginia, John W. Russell

Honors Theses

This study is an attempt to bring related statutes together concerning land use in Virginia, presenting them in a simplified manner so that they can be read and understood by the layman. It is intended by no means to be taken as authoritative nor complete in detail. For the details and omission made herein, the Code of Virginia should be consulted.

Persons who are interested in conservation and development both local and state, may find here what laws exist in Virginia, that may be applied to land planning.

Land Legislation And Acquisition In Virginia In The Seventeenth Centruy, L. W. Gibbon

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

College Life In Ante-Bellum Virginia, Diane Keith Light

Honors Theses

In comparison with contemporary collegiate experiences, college life in ante-bellum Virginia offers many contrasts. The college curriculum, teaching methods, student regulations, and behavior were manifestations of nineteenth century thought. These facets combined to form the existence of the institution and its inhabitants.

An Investigation Of The History Of The Virginia Manufactory Of Arms, James N. Haskett

Honors Theses

The first years of freedom were not calm ones for the people of the new Republic. This was as true in Virginia as elsewhere. in the State itself there was the ever present danger of slave insurrection and the Wars of the French Revolution which raged in Europe were in grave danger of spreading into this hemisphere. This situation caused the State to make provisions to secure four thousand stands of farms for its militia in 1796. This proved to be a very difficult task, for the European hostilities had seriously limited the amount of arms available.

Though Virginia had …

C. Fair Brooks, Preston W. Doyle

Honors Theses

"The wheel was the crowning achievement of prehistoric carpentry..." Since the discovery of the wheel and its part in revolutionizing transportation for the individual, it has been destined to play a leading role in transportation as an industry.

At the conclusion of the Civil War the era was marked by expansion in industry and agriculture. This expansion was possible through transportation. At the front was the railroad, but the horse and wagon method of transport was behind the scenes, playing an active role, and destined to rise to the front with the introduction of the combustion engine.

In the South, …

Administrative Reorganization Of The Government Of The State Of Virginia Under Governor Byrd, Robert Greg Barr

Honors Theses

Administrative reorganization is a tremendous subject. In the final analysis, it involves the history of administrative organization, proposals for its improvement, reforms in its structure, desirability of further changes, and the adequacy and beneficial effects of changes already instituted, as well as the broad ramifications of governmental theory inextricably related to any scheme of administrative structure. It is a study of the entire executive branch of a government in all its aspects. These subjects offer interesting fields of research for the student of government and history, as well as the student of economics in some instances. Exploitation of the opportunities …

Walker John Decker, Farmer, Soldier And Minister Of The Gospel, John Laws Decker

Honors Theses

A biographical piece on Walker John Decker framed through his roles as a farmer, soldier, and minister of the gospel.

The Sacred Heart Cathedral Of Richmond, Virginia, Joseph A. Amrhein

Honors Theses

A history of The Sacred Heart Cathedral of Richmond Virginia.

Some Random Field Notes On Three Little Known Virginia Historical Sites, W H. Enslow

Honors Theses

Field notes on Virginia historical sites including Columbia Arsenal, Bellona Arsenal, and Drewry's Bluff.

John Letcher, J. Monroe Wells Jr.

Honors Theses

This monograph will present to its reader a biographical study of a man who is little known--John Letcher, Civil War Governor of Virginia. The Civil War is, to date, the most important episode in the history of these United States. From tis internal upheaval evolved a great and compact nation. From the opening volley at Sumter to the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia was in a position of importance. It was the main objective of the Federal Government, since the Capitol of the Confederacy was at Richmond. Throughout this turmoil there was a leader and a statesman in the governor's chair. …

Slave Life In Virginia Between 1736-1776 As Shown In The Advertisements Of The Virginia Gazettes, Florence Lafoon

Honors Theses

Newspapers are an invaluable index to a period and the personalized Virginia Gazettes are particularly revealing of the attitudes of the Colonial period. Although the advertisements for runaway slaves give more of the master's feeling for the slave than the life of the slave himself, it is hoped that the writer has sufficiently drawn forth the inferences toward this latter point to make all that is available clear. There are no copies of the Virginia Gazette between the years 1739/40 - 1744/45, and 1746 - 1766. This would make a great difference to a chronology of any kind, but the …

The Development Of The Peanut Industry In Nansemond County, Parker E. Brown

Honors Theses

Contrary to popular belief only a smell percentage of the world supply of peanuts is raised in the United States. The greater portion of them are produced in opain and China and shipped to this country to be used in manufacturing.