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The Transmutation Of The Draugr: Christianizing Icelandic Mythology, Kathrine Esten
The Transmutation Of The Draugr: Christianizing Icelandic Mythology, Kathrine Esten
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
If the dead will not stay dead, what can you count on? The better question may be: Why aren’t the dead staying dead? In this essay, I examine the draugr (pl. draugar), an undead creature of pagan Norse origin, as described before and after the adoption of Christianity in Iceland in 1000 CE. Featured prominently in pre-conversion folklore, the draugr often symbolized Icelandic fears of isolation, starvation, and darkness. However, The Sagas of Icelanders, written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, features a reimagined draugr. Intentionally, post-conversion draugar return from the dead in accordance with Catholic practice or lack …
The Power Of Perception: How The Perception Of Race Impacted Irish And Italian Immigrants In Boston From 1850-1910, Genevieve Weidner
The Power Of Perception: How The Perception Of Race Impacted Irish And Italian Immigrants In Boston From 1850-1910, Genevieve Weidner
University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal
In the 1850s, a large population of Irish immigrants came to Boston. In the 1880s, as Boston began to industrialize, the promise of jobs encouraged many more groups of immigrants to move to Boston. The Italians and more Irish came to Boston, but because the Irish had established communities and job connections in the city, it was easier for the Irish immigrants to have better jobs and move into positions of power. Since the Italian immigrants came later than the Irish, the gatekeepers of Boston largely defined that their ethnicity meant. By referencing secondary sources on the topic of race …