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Student And Youth Sandinistas In Nicaragua, 1979-2018, Viviana Alvarez Rodriguez
Student And Youth Sandinistas In Nicaragua, 1979-2018, Viviana Alvarez Rodriguez
History in the Making
In June 1979, Sandinista forces in Nicaragua successfully overthrew a decades-long multi-generational United States-backed military dictatorship. The vanguard, a diverse coalition of secondary and university students, youth, clergy, and peasants, defeated the highly-trained Guardia Nacional (National Guard) and ended the authoritarian Somoza regime. This paper examines how Carlos Fonseca and other Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) leaders resisted the liberal reformist model inherited by student-youth of the late 1960s to demand a more radical political platform. By bringing a relatively isolated student movement into the masses, this paper seeks to understand how a privileged class of university students became …
Seeking Social Justice In The City Of Los Angeles: Mary Julia Workman, Jose Luis Castro Padilla
Seeking Social Justice In The City Of Los Angeles: Mary Julia Workman, Jose Luis Castro Padilla
History in the Making
Mary Julia Workman (1871–1964) was a Catholic social activist in the early twentieth century. She was the founder of the Brownson Settlement House in Los Angeles established in 1902. By the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era (1896–1916), Workman led a group of volunteer women to help immigrants, the majority being Mexicans, who were segregated and discriminated against in the growing city of Los Angeles, California. Although Catholic activism was influenced by the Protestant Progressive ideology, Workman provided social justice to the marginalized communities with education, health, and job training. In a time when Americanization efforts imposed by conservative and …
Film Review: “Cats Are Excellent Conductors Of Electricity”: A Review Of The Electrical Life Of Louis Wain, Brittany Mondragon
Film Review: “Cats Are Excellent Conductors Of Electricity”: A Review Of The Electrical Life Of Louis Wain, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Book Review: China’S Good War: How World War Ii Is Shaping A New Nationalism, Alexandro Serrano, Brittany Mondragon, Jacqulyne R. Anton, Sarah West
Book Review: China’S Good War: How World War Ii Is Shaping A New Nationalism, Alexandro Serrano, Brittany Mondragon, Jacqulyne R. Anton, Sarah West
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
A Comparative Review: Obeah, Race And Racism: Caribbean Witchcraft In The English Imagination And Experiments With Power: Obeah And The Remaking Of Religion In Trinidad, Brittany Mondragon
A Comparative Review: Obeah, Race And Racism: Caribbean Witchcraft In The English Imagination And Experiments With Power: Obeah And The Remaking Of Religion In Trinidad, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
World War Ii Photographic Essay: Inherited Private Memories Of World War Ii Through Family Photographs, Brittany Mondragon, Cecelia Smith, Jacqulyne R. Anton, Sarah West
World War Ii Photographic Essay: Inherited Private Memories Of World War Ii Through Family Photographs, Brittany Mondragon, Cecelia Smith, Jacqulyne R. Anton, Sarah West
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
A Natural Arch: Ecological Imperialism And The “Crosby Effect” In American Environmental Historiography, Joseph Esparza
A Natural Arch: Ecological Imperialism And The “Crosby Effect” In American Environmental Historiography, Joseph Esparza
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Barbara Johns: A Lasting Legacy In National Statuary, Hannah Knight
Barbara Johns: A Lasting Legacy In National Statuary, Hannah Knight
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
“The Great Dissenter”: Ruth Bader Ginsburg And The Fight For Equality, Celeste Nunez, Jacqulyne R. Anton
“The Great Dissenter”: Ruth Bader Ginsburg And The Fight For Equality, Celeste Nunez, Jacqulyne R. Anton
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Sexual Violence Against Women During The Holocaust: Inside And Outside Of Extermination Camps, Jessie Williams
Sexual Violence Against Women During The Holocaust: Inside And Outside Of Extermination Camps, Jessie Williams
History in the Making
The article will explore women’s sexual experiences during the Holocaust, specifically the experience of those who were targeted by the Nazi regime for being “inferior” to the Aryan race. During this period, Jewish women, women categorized as “asocial” despite their German citizenship, women who identified as Romani, and Soviet or Ukrainian women were targets of sexual violence mostly at the hands of members of the Nazi Party.1 However, these women were also assaulted by the partisans who helped hide them, liberating soldiers, and male prisoners because of the vulnerable situations many women found themselves in. This article focuses first on …
From Concubine To Ruler: The Lives Of Emperor Wu Zetian And Empress Dowager, Hannah Ferla
From Concubine To Ruler: The Lives Of Emperor Wu Zetian And Empress Dowager, Hannah Ferla
History in the Making
Emperor Wu Zetian and Empress Dowager Cixi were the only two women to hold full control over China. They lived during different periods in Chinese history, but they accomplished the same goal. This paper will begin with the history of these two remarkable women, and it will give some background information on the respective dynasties that they lived under, the Tang (618- 907) and Qing (1644-1900). Then, the reader will learn about their journeys from the concubines of emperors to the most powerful people in China. Next, this article will cover the interesting information about Empress Dowager Cixi that Princess …
The Development Of Literature In The Suffrage Movement: Western Successes From Eastern Lessons, 1848-1911, Michelle Dennehy
The Development Of Literature In The Suffrage Movement: Western Successes From Eastern Lessons, 1848-1911, Michelle Dennehy
History in the Making
Female suffragists in the United States at the turn of the 20th Century fought to gain more protection under the law than the laws had granted women in entire history of the nation. The suffragist movement symbolically began at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, in which the "Declaration of Sentiments" dictated women’s precise requests for equality. This early industrialism-era suffrage campaign focused mainly on the East coast of the United States, while the nation expanded into the West. Ironically, while the first generation suffragists experienced many failures in their efforts for suffrage, the second generation found many successes in …
In Pursuit Of The Sixth Star: An Analysis Of Literature And Tactics From The 1911 California Woman Suffrage Campaign, Sarah Trevino Promnitz
In Pursuit Of The Sixth Star: An Analysis Of Literature And Tactics From The 1911 California Woman Suffrage Campaign, Sarah Trevino Promnitz
History in the Making
California reorganized their efforts and in 1911 campaigned for a state constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the franchise. In order to combat fierce opposition and to increase public awareness of the proposed amendment, California suffrage advocates developed new forms of campaign literature and tactics. An analysis of 1911 suffrage campaign literature uncovers that the campaign was based upon the core arguments of innate womanly virtue and the need to create an inter-class coalition of women dedicated to the suffrage cause. The campaign to gain the franchise was considered a radical movement at the time, and an attempt to alter fundamentally the …
Home Lands: How Women Made The West, Oceana Collins
Home Lands: How Women Made The West, Oceana Collins
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Indian Boarding School History: An Analysis Of Two Letters From The Perris Indian School, Erica Maien Ward
Indian Boarding School History: An Analysis Of Two Letters From The Perris Indian School, Erica Maien Ward
History in the Making
This paper is not meant to be the traditional research paper. It is a brief look into the documents researchers find and analysis while researching on a topic. The documents provide a view into the people and policies of that time period. The two letters that will be analyzed later in this paper are examples of Indian boarding schools’ policies that had direct effect on the lives of the students and their families.1 In the turn of the twentieth century, Indian boarding schools were still operating on the premise of assimilation of the American Indian into the "white culture." Hopefully, …
The Trokosi Tradition In Ghana: The Silencing Of A Religion, Rhonda Martinez
The Trokosi Tradition In Ghana: The Silencing Of A Religion, Rhonda Martinez
History in the Making
When does tradition and religion infringe upon human rights and who has the right to impose restrictions on them? Slavery is still an ongoing phenomenon that should no longer be denied. Trokosi, still being practiced today, is a relatively unknown African religion in which young girls are sexually enslaved to pay for crimes committed by their families. This paper highlights the terrible tradition of trokosi in order to bring public awareness to its three-hundred-year practice. Through the examination of a variety of secondary sources, definitions of slavery and explanations of the trokosi traditions are first established. Next, debates for and …
Rape Regiment: Sexual Violence Against Women During War, Andrea Roskam
Rape Regiment: Sexual Violence Against Women During War, Andrea Roskam
History in the Making
Despite the extensive research on World War II, little is known about a system created by the Japanese government in which women were forced into sexual slavery. This system, known as the Comfort Woman System, enabled soldiers to systematically and heinously rape young women for the sole purpose of self-satisfaction and as a reward for their military efforts as a man in combat. This study uncovers some of the brutality for a mature audience through an analysis of credible data, photographic evidence and an extensive look into the oral histories of former Comfort Women. These firsthand accounts give the women’s …
Bound Feet And Western Dress: A Memoir. By Pang-Mei Natasha Chang. (New York: Anchor Books, 1999)., Briana James
Bound Feet And Western Dress: A Memoir. By Pang-Mei Natasha Chang. (New York: Anchor Books, 1999)., Briana James
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Psychiatry, Mental Institutions, And The Mad In Apartheid South Africa. By Tiffany Fawn Jones. (New York: Routledge, 2012)., Chris Moreland
Psychiatry, Mental Institutions, And The Mad In Apartheid South Africa. By Tiffany Fawn Jones. (New York: Routledge, 2012)., Chris Moreland
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
There Is No Bournville In Africa: Chocolate Capitalist, African Cocoa Workers, And International Labor Relationships From The 19th Century To The Present, Ryan Minor
History in the Making
The issue of labor exploitation and the impact of neocolonialism, have in recent years, become extremely important as our global community continues to shrink. This paper focuses on the relationships between European chocolate manufactures and West African cocoa laborers from the 1870’s to the present day as a means of discussing the complex connections that have developed between industrial capitalism and labor in Africa. This study will address two key questions: One, if labor exploitation is necessary for industrial capitalists to maintain the high levels of profit they desire; and two, if the exploitation of labor becomes increasingly easier the …
Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith
Imagining Margaret Garner: The Tragic Life Of An American Woman, Cecilia M. Smith
History in the Making
There is limited information on the life of the nineteenth century female slave with most details compiled from the narratives of well-known women such as Sojourner Truth. Professor Erlene Stetson and other historians argue that scholars treat slavery as a male phenomenon and the female is merely looked upon as a breeder, while noted African-American activist Angela Davis calls for a more accurate portrayal to debunk derogatory myths. This paper addresses the issue of image with the argument that the enslaved African-American woman possessed no image of her own. It focuses on the story of a runaway female slave named …
Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman
Her-Story: The Forgotten Part Of The Civil Rights Movement, Elizabeth Guzman
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
The Great Political Journalist, Cokie Roberts, George Zaragoza
The Great Political Journalist, Cokie Roberts, George Zaragoza
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Propaganda: How Germany Convinced The Masses, Tracey Martin
Propaganda: How Germany Convinced The Masses, Tracey Martin
History in the Making
During the 1930s and 1940s, the National Socialist German Worker’s Party launched a full-scale propaganda campaign in conjunction with their military and political efforts as a means to subdue, indoctrinate, and control the masses of Germany and the European countryside. It is through this utilization of propaganda that Nazi Germany created a political machine that pumped out propagandistic messages frequently enough to sublimate the atrocities of the Holocaust into acceptable responses to the perceived Jewish problem. This usage of propaganda led to a united German identity, founded in a response full of hatred towards the Jewish people. This look into …
Confucius’ Timeless Analects, Federico Guevara
Confucius’ Timeless Analects, Federico Guevara
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Racial Ambiguity In The Borderlands: New Mexico’S African American Soldiers, 1860-1922, Jacqulyne Anton
Racial Ambiguity In The Borderlands: New Mexico’S African American Soldiers, 1860-1922, Jacqulyne Anton
History in the Making
In the nineteenth century United States, African Americans faced severe forms of racism that manifested through institutions of slavery, segregation and discrimination. Antebellum and Civil War historians focus on African American resistance to white supremacy and oppression through various forms of resistance, some of which include violent revolts and the search for freedom in the North. With that being said, however, many historians seem to ignore the role of the US-Mexico borderlands in African Americans’ contestation of the racist laws of the American North and South. This article examines African Americans' experiences in the US-Mexico borderlands of New Mexico during …
Here And There, Now And Then: Portrayals Of The Third Crusade In Film And How Their Inaccuracies Encompass Contemporary Movements, Steven Anthony
Here And There, Now And Then: Portrayals Of The Third Crusade In Film And How Their Inaccuracies Encompass Contemporary Movements, Steven Anthony
History in the Making
This paper examines the relationship between films dealing with historical events and how they encompass events of the time the film was made. This work uses two film representations of the Third Crusade, from 1187 – 1192; the first is Youssef Chahines’ 1963 film Al Nasser Salah Ad-Din and the second is Ridley Scotts’ 2005 film, Kingdom of Heaven. Between the films’ narrations of events and the actual history, parallels are created between past and present, dealing with ideas such as tolerance and peaceful dialogue, as well as movements such as national, ethnic, or religious unity and inclusiveness.
Roses And Votes: Immigrant Jewish Women And The New York Woman Suffrage Movement, 1894-1917, Katelyn Johnson
Roses And Votes: Immigrant Jewish Women And The New York Woman Suffrage Movement, 1894-1917, Katelyn Johnson
History in the Making
The purpose of this article is to explore the role that Jewish immigrant women had in the Women’s Suffrage Movement. It is focused in New York due to the unique concurrency of a large, concentrated Jewish immigrant community and a heavily active location for the Women’s Suffrage Movement. The project draws a strong link to Jewish workingwomen’s influence and participation in the Labor Rights Movement, also during the early nineteenth century. The research draws upon several primary sources from the Lower East Side Jewish community, as well as the research of historians Susan A. Glenn and Melissa R. Klapper. The …
Kurdish Women Guerrilla Fighters, Meagan Muschara
Kurdish Women Guerrilla Fighters, Meagan Muschara
History in the Making
This article focuses on the female fighters of the PKK. The media over the past four years have continued to report about the female inclusion into this male dominated resistance group, the PKK in Turkey. The addition of women to the fight spread to various Kurdish resistance groups throughout the Middle East. The interviews brought about a plethora of questions about egalitarian rights for women entering the PKK. The questions that arose are: How equal are women’s rights? Are there any stipulations? Why are females willing to fight for the cause and what do these women gain by fighting alongside …
Exhibition Review: Mount Vernon: Baltimore’S Historic Lgbt Neighborhood, Amanda Castro, Blanca Garcia-Barron
Exhibition Review: Mount Vernon: Baltimore’S Historic Lgbt Neighborhood, Amanda Castro, Blanca Garcia-Barron
History in the Making
No abstract provided.