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”Either Or, Not As A Whole:” Challenges Of Multiracial Student Placemaking And Belonging In Sorority And Fraternity Chapters, Pietro A. Sasso, Kim E. Bullington Dec 2023

”Either Or, Not As A Whole:” Challenges Of Multiracial Student Placemaking And Belonging In Sorority And Fraternity Chapters, Pietro A. Sasso, Kim E. Bullington

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

This qualitative narrative inquiry study explored how Multiracial members negotiate multiple racial identities and locations to find a sense of belonging within sorority and fraternity environments. Participants eventually found a sense of belonging within their chapters through peers who they educated about their multiraciality. Their placemaking was fraught with experiences of monoracism, colorism, and relationships, which positioned them to serve as racial buffers and cultural translators for their monoracial chapter peers. The tenets of interest convergence and monoracism of Multiracial critical theory are used to interrogate these findings. Implications are provided to help campus-based professionals engage in identity advocacy and …


A Descriptive Analysis Of Risk Management Revenue And Expenditure Trends For Historically White Men’S College Social Fraternities, Ashley Tull, Zhan Shi, Dani Myers, Carson Flynn Dec 2023

A Descriptive Analysis Of Risk Management Revenue And Expenditure Trends For Historically White Men’S College Social Fraternities, Ashley Tull, Zhan Shi, Dani Myers, Carson Flynn

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Historically White men’s social fraternities are at the center of college and university life on many campuses. They have also been a place for high-risk activities such as alcohol consumption, hazing, sexual misconduct, and other health, safety, and wellness issues. Current risk management mitigation activities are addressed in the literature review that follows. This descriptive study examined the rising costs associated with insuring against high-risk issues for 32 historically White inter/ national fraternities. Results indicated a 7.2% year-over-year average annual percentage increase for each organization in the study and a 72% average annual percentage increase for the period studied (2010-2018). …


Stepping Across The Divide: Exploring How Culturally Based Fraternities And Sororities Influence African-Born Members’ Navigation Of U.S. Higher Education, Race, And Racism, Jakia Marie, Nuri Thompson Dec 2023

Stepping Across The Divide: Exploring How Culturally Based Fraternities And Sororities Influence African-Born Members’ Navigation Of U.S. Higher Education, Race, And Racism, Jakia Marie, Nuri Thompson

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

In this study, we explored African-born students’ lived experiences in culturally based fraternities and sororities in the United States (U.S.), particularly the reasons they joined their organizations and the ways their articulated involvement influenced their college experiences and awareness of race and racism. Using a descriptive phenomenological research design, ten participants reflected on their lived experiences. Four emergent themes—Why I Joined, Cultural Acceptance, My College Experience, and Learning Race and Racism— describe the essence of the participants’ experiences. We close with recommendations for practice and future research.


Editorial: Thoughts On Positioning In Sorority And Fraternity Research, Adam M. Mccready Dec 2023

Editorial: Thoughts On Positioning In Sorority And Fraternity Research, Adam M. Mccready

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Letter from Adam M. McCready, Editor of the Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice.


"We Hear You, We See You, And We Are With You." An Analysis Of Npc Sorority Chapter Social Media Messages, Michael A. Goodman, Georgianna Martin, Aaron George Dec 2023

"We Hear You, We See You, And We Are With You." An Analysis Of Npc Sorority Chapter Social Media Messages, Michael A. Goodman, Georgianna Martin, Aaron George

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

In this critical discourse analysis, we examined the most popular non-video-based social media platforms of 33 National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) sorority chapters. This study includes chapters at or approaching 25% “racially/ethnically diverse” membership, a term, and status determined by NPC and campus-based advisors. We analyzed posts from 2019-2022 and how, if at all, these sororities espoused diversity, equity, and/or inclusion (DEI) in their posts. Notable findings involve a spike in DEI posts during June 2020 and a signal of support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer(+) identities and issues.


The Politics Of Hazing: An Examination Of Hazing Motivation, Moral Foundations, And Political Ideology, Gentry Mccreary, Joshua Schutts Nov 2023

The Politics Of Hazing: An Examination Of Hazing Motivation, Moral Foundations, And Political Ideology, Gentry Mccreary, Joshua Schutts

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Research in moral psychology suggests that political ideology may influence attitudes about hazing in college fraternities. Moral foundations theory (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) provides a valuable framework to help understand the connection between political ideology and hazing motivation. In this study, we examine the connection between political ideology and hazing motivation. Results show significant correlations between political conservatism and social dominance and loyalty/commitment hazing motivations, providing additional validation of the principal tenets of moral foundations theory.


Editorial: The History And Evolution Of The Journal Of Sorority And Fraternity Life Research And Practice, Adam M. Mccready, Charles G. Eberly, Grahaeme A. Hesp, J. Patrick Biddix, James P. Barber, Daniel Bureau May 2023

Editorial: The History And Evolution Of The Journal Of Sorority And Fraternity Life Research And Practice, Adam M. Mccready, Charles G. Eberly, Grahaeme A. Hesp, J. Patrick Biddix, James P. Barber, Daniel Bureau

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Individuals involved in the founding of the Oracle: The Research Journal of the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors (Oracle), former Oracle editors and Adam M. McCready, Editor of Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice share the history and evolution of the journal over the past two decades.


Validation Of The Association Of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors Core Competency Model, Dev K. Dalal, Dan Wrona May 2023

Validation Of The Association Of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors Core Competency Model, Dev K. Dalal, Dan Wrona

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Despite its utility, the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors (AFA) revised Core Competency model has not been validated; therefore, we conducted two studies to validate the AFA Core Competency Model. First, we developed a performance evaluation tool, applicable across different positions. We then linked Core Competency self-assessment scores to supervisor ratings of performance to assess the extent to which competencies related to job performance. Although not all Core Competencies related to each performance dimension, each Core Competency correlated with at least one dimension of performance. In short, the results suggest that the Core Competencies are, in general, related to job performance, …


“Brunch So Hard:“ Liquid Bonding And Unspoken Rules Of Feminine Hegemony Through Alcohol Use Among National Panhellenic Conference Sorority Women, Pietro A. Sasso, Stacy Rowan, C. Kelsey Ryan May 2023

“Brunch So Hard:“ Liquid Bonding And Unspoken Rules Of Feminine Hegemony Through Alcohol Use Among National Panhellenic Conference Sorority Women, Pietro A. Sasso, Stacy Rowan, C. Kelsey Ryan

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

This qualitative study used a descriptive psychological phenomenological method with a poststructural feminist lens to better understand experiences of National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) sorority women with fraternity men and alcohol use. Findings suggest that members were unapologetic about their purveyance of alcohol-related behaviors. They used empowering feminist discourses to describe the ways in which they bonded through alcohol use and to differentiate themselves as sorority women. Chapter leadership often used alcohol to construct a system of gendered hegemony which heavily indoctrinated new members. These experiences are nuanced for NPC women who differently experienced alcohol use as a gendered instrument to …


Differences In Nonmedical Use Of Prescription Stimulants Among Fraternity- And Sorority-Afiliated Students, Emily Baker, Molly Downing, Nicole C. Kwiek, Erica Regan, Julia Dionne, Tessa Miracle May 2023

Differences In Nonmedical Use Of Prescription Stimulants Among Fraternity- And Sorority-Afiliated Students, Emily Baker, Molly Downing, Nicole C. Kwiek, Erica Regan, Julia Dionne, Tessa Miracle

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

The current study reviewed data from the 2022 College Prescription Drug Study of 4,967 undergraduate students to examine differences in lifetime and past-year misuse of prescription stimulants, academic motivations and consequences of misuse, and misperceptions of prescription stimulants. Results indicate that fraternity- and sorority-affiliated students are more likely to report misusing a prescription stimulant in their lifetime and within the past year than nonaffiliated students. Fraternity and sorority members are more influenced by academic reasons and social norms than nonaffiliated students, with gender identity further predicting level of risk. Implications for prevention programming for fraternity and sorority members are discussed.


“This Was A White People’S Game… They Were The Gatekeepers”: Experiences Of Fraternity/Sorority Professionals Of Color, Aaron George May 2023

“This Was A White People’S Game… They Were The Gatekeepers”: Experiences Of Fraternity/Sorority Professionals Of Color, Aaron George

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

In this narrative inquiry, interviews from eight campus fraternity/ sorority professionals who identify as people of color and who are members of culturally based fraternities and sororities were interviewed on how they experience their profession. Findings spoke to themes of guest in your own home, advocacy through presence, the complexity of representation matters, and turning burden into purpose. Overall participants spoke about caring deeply for their role given the challenges and obstacles that race and racism played and navigating systems and people that did not always value their experience.


Letter From The Editor: Reflecting On The Past To Aspire For The Future, Adam M. Mccready Feb 2023

Letter From The Editor: Reflecting On The Past To Aspire For The Future, Adam M. Mccready

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Letter from Adam M. McCready, PhD., Editor of Oracle: The Research Journal of the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors


Book Review: Garcia, C. E. & Duran, A. (2021). Moving Culturally-Based Sororities And Fraternities Forward. Peter Lang., Shelissa Newball Feb 2023

Book Review: Garcia, C. E. & Duran, A. (2021). Moving Culturally-Based Sororities And Fraternities Forward. Peter Lang., Shelissa Newball

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

Historically white sororities and fraternities have had a major influence in the growth and development of [sorority and fraternity life (SFL)] offices, as well as the SFL communities on college camupuses…. SFL offices have traditionally centered around advising historically white NPC sororities and NIC fraternities. As such, many programs such as recruitment, awards and community events…. have been structured to serve and promote historically white sororities and fraternities (Garcia & Duran, 2021, p. 144).


The Persistence And Ethnic Identity Of Latino Fraternity Members At Predominantly White Institutions In Georgia, Christian Bello Escobar, Jamie L. Workman, James Martinez, Regina L. Suriel Jan 2023

The Persistence And Ethnic Identity Of Latino Fraternity Members At Predominantly White Institutions In Georgia, Christian Bello Escobar, Jamie L. Workman, James Martinez, Regina L. Suriel

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

We explored how Latino fraternity members at predominately White institutions in Georgia perceive their affiliation affects their collegiate persistence and ethnic identity development through an interpretive qualitative research design. Torres’s Bicultural Orientation Model served as the theoretical framework. Our findings indicate that participants strengthened and solidified their ethnic identity during their college years. Fraternal interactions and their college environment enhanced or helped them solidify their ethnic identity. Latino fraternity members perceived their involvement enhanced their academic persistence through various aspects of brotherhood and academic expectations. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.


Beyond June: (Re)Visiting Sorority/Fraternity Messages About Lgbtq+ Identities And Issues From 2020 - 2021, Michael A. Goodman, Aaron George, Sarah Simi Cohen, Lorae V. Bonamy-Lohve Jan 2023

Beyond June: (Re)Visiting Sorority/Fraternity Messages About Lgbtq+ Identities And Issues From 2020 - 2021, Michael A. Goodman, Aaron George, Sarah Simi Cohen, Lorae V. Bonamy-Lohve

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

In this critical discourse analysis (CDA), we examine 140 inter/national social sorority and fraternity organizations and their messages– and lack thereof–regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) identities and issues. Just 1.24% (507) of total posts (40,778) during 2020-2021 were about LGBTQ+ identities and issues. Despite the immense increase in LGBTQ+ recognition for most sororities and fraternities during Pride Month (June), CDA allowed us a criticality of these messages, both within and outside of Pride Month. Recommendations include being explicit about “LGBTQ+” framing, and also call for continued research to understand how organizations and members engage online.


Addressing Racism Through Organizational Statements: Examining Npc Sororities Website And Social Media Posts, Ericka Roland, Courtney E. Matthews Jan 2023

Addressing Racism Through Organizational Statements: Examining Npc Sororities Website And Social Media Posts, Ericka Roland, Courtney E. Matthews

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

NPC sororities (inter)national organizations posted countless messages to websites and social media platforms against racism following the summer of 2020 racial protests. The purpose of this study was to conduct a critical content analysis of the twenty-six NPC (inter)national organizations’ websites and Facebook pages to evaluate the messages about racism following the killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. Three findings were identified: naming systemic racism, acknowledging the organization’s history and values related to racism, and calling for individual and organizational action. Findings suggest NPC sororities’ must communicate explicitly about their values and action in addressing racism in society and …


Reconceptualizing Indigeneity Within The Fraternity And Sorority Community, Robin Zape-Tah-Hol-Ah Minthorn, Natalie Rose Youngbull, James D. Wagnon, Amber Silverhorn-Wolfe Jan 2023

Reconceptualizing Indigeneity Within The Fraternity And Sorority Community, Robin Zape-Tah-Hol-Ah Minthorn, Natalie Rose Youngbull, James D. Wagnon, Amber Silverhorn-Wolfe

Journal of Sorority and Fraternity Life Research and Practice

The purpose of this article provides fraternity and sorority communities with an understanding of the impact of a Native American sisterhood on the cultivation in how it conceptualized itself, its centering an Indigenous structure, and how it affirms the women who join through building relationality. Through the first research inquiry of a Native American sisterhood, the findings reveal/highlight how the sisterhood has centered Indigeneity in its conception to how it lives today. Fraternity and sorority communities need to shift their culture to honor Indigenous ways of being.


“Quasi-Governmental Power”: Examining Litigation Between The Southern Association Of Colleges And Schools Commission On Colleges And Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Rachel E. Smith Jan 2023

“Quasi-Governmental Power”: Examining Litigation Between The Southern Association Of Colleges And Schools Commission On Colleges And Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Rachel E. Smith

The William & Mary Educational Review

In the United States, higher education accreditation is the process through with regional and specialized accreditors extend seals of approval to institutions and programs that meet specific standards for education quality and institutional stability. Regional accreditors, such as the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC), exercise significant authority over the institutions they accredit. This authority has been termed “quasi-governmental power” because accreditors work on behalf of the government to ensure education quality and determine access to federal aid. Accrediting organizations are also the final authority for accreditation decisions. If an institution disagrees with an accreditation outcome …


Fostering The Funny: A Case Study Of Undergraduate Women In Collegiate Comedy Troupes, Jaymi Courtenay Thomas Jan 2023

Fostering The Funny: A Case Study Of Undergraduate Women In Collegiate Comedy Troupes, Jaymi Courtenay Thomas

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

During a global pandemic, another pandemic of loneliness impacted undergraduate college students and influenced the way members of the 18-25-year-old population lived and learned throughout a time of intentional distancing. Additionally, the insurgence of loneliness impacts members of the 18-25 age group in startling rates. This qualitative case study explored how undergraduate women who participate in comedy troupes fostered community while living and learning during a global pandemic known as COVID-19 between the spring of 2020 and the fall of 2021. The research added to the body of knowledge on how comedy and levity can enhance wellness and how humor …


An Investigation Of Experiential Learning: A Program Evaluation Of The William & Mary D.C. Summer Institutes, Roxane Olson Adler Hickey Jan 2023

An Investigation Of Experiential Learning: A Program Evaluation Of The William & Mary D.C. Summer Institutes, Roxane Olson Adler Hickey

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The principal purpose of this program evaluation was to determine how the 2010–2019 alumni of the William & Mary (W&M) D.C. Summer Institutes (DCSI) perceived their participation helped them achieve career readiness. Existing literature on experiential learning methods and practices has suggested great value in such opportunities, but less information existed about the outcomes of internship programs in higher education. As leaders consider what their institutional operations look like following the COVID-19 global pandemic and demand for quality internships rises, research on what works in high-impact programs, such as DCSI, offer valuable data for faculty, administrators, and students. A total …


Seasons Of Change: A Discourse Analysis Of University Rhetorical Response During A Generational Pandemic, Todd S. Moellendick Jan 2023

Seasons Of Change: A Discourse Analysis Of University Rhetorical Response During A Generational Pandemic, Todd S. Moellendick

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Institutions of higher education are no strangers to crisis situations. From world wars to campus violence, colleges and universities across the United States have been both directly and indirectly affected by these crisis situations. However, in the early part of 2020, higher education was faced with a situation that transcended anything colleges and universities had seen before—COVID-19. What made COVID-19 so unique was how the disease quickly permeated throughout the United States. Thus, a stage was set for institutions of higher education to defend their campuses and communities from a most historical pandemic. This study, understanding the historical significance of …