Digital Commons Network^™

Locational Probability For A Dammed, Urban Stream: Salt River, Arizona, William Graf

William L. Graf

Data from historical aerial photographs analyzed with a GIS show that river channel change on the Salt River in the Phoenix metropolitan area of central Arizona has been driven by large-scale regional flood events and local human activities. Mapping of functional surfaces such as low-flow channels, high-flow channels, islands, bars attached to channel banks, and engineered surfaces shows that during the period from 1935 to 1997, the relative areal coverage of these surfaces has changed. Flood events have caused general changes in sinuosity of the low-flow channel, but islands have remained remarkably consistent in location and size, while channel-side bars …

The Rate Law In Fluvial Geomorphology, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.

Variability Of Sediment Removal In A Semi-Arid Watershed, William L. Graf

William L. Graf

Field and documentary data from Walnut Gulch Watershed, an instrumented semiarid drainage basin of approximately 150 km2 (57 mi2) in southeastern Arizona, show that 83% of the alluvium removed from the basin during a 15‐year erosion episode beginning about 1930 was excavated from the highest‐order stream. The amount of alluvium removed in the erosion episode would have been equal to a covering of about 4 cm (1.6 in) over the entire basin. The rate of sediment removal during the erosion episode was 18 times greater than the rate of present channel sediment transport. Production of sediment from slopes and channel …

A Probabilistic Approach To The Spatial Assessment Of River Channel Instability, William L. Graf

William L. Graf

The deterministic approach to the analysis of river channel instability has not proved to be a completely useful basis for geographic predictions of channel behavior. Economic estimates for benefits of structural channel control projects commonly account for flood inundation, but in arid and semiarid regions these estimates are incomplete because they fail to take into account destructive channel migration and erosion. As a solution, a method whereby historical records of channel locations are reduced to spatially defined probabilistic functions allows calculation of the probability that given parcels of near-channel terrain will be destroyed by erosion. The probability of erosion for …

Tamarisk And River-Channel Management, William Graf

William L. Graf

Tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis, Lour.) an artificially introduced tree, has become a most common species in many riparian vegetation communities along the rivers of the western United States. On the Salt and Gila rivers of central Arizona, the plant first appeared in the early 1890s, and by 1940 it grew in dense thickets that posed serious flood-control problems by substantially reducing the capacities of major channels. Since 1940 its distribution and density in central Arizona have fluctuated in response to combined natural processes and human management. Groundwater levels, channel waters, floods, irrigation return waters, sewage effluent, and sedimentation behind retention and …

The Distribution Of Glaciers In The American Rocky Mountains, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.

Channel Instability In A Braided Sand Bed River, William Graf

William L. Graf

The Gila River of central Arizona is representative of braided, sand bed rivers in alluvial valleys that have inherent unstable behavior and destructive channel migration. The 112-year record of channel conditions along a portion of the Gila River provides data for the construction of locational probability maps for main flow channels. Zones of stability and hazardous instability alternate with each other at 3.2 km (2 mi) intervals. During the past century the overall sinuosity of the main flow channel has remained close to 1.18, despite numerous changes in actual location. Spatial and temporal variation of sinuosity have occurred in subreaches …

Development Of Montane Arroyos And Gullies, William Graf

William L. Graf

Field investigations in the Front Range of Colorado, U.S.A., confirm that the spatial distribution of vegetation in watersheds exerts strong control on the entrenchment of streams in the montane zone. When tractive force in channels exceeds threshold values of resistance on the valley floors, cutting of arroyos begins, producing forms that change allometrically. An algorithm based on the Cooke Method for discharge, the Manning Equation for depth of flow, and the DuBoys Equation for tractive force can be used to evaluate force for observed and experimental conditions. In small (<5 km2) basins in the Front Range of Colorado, forces …

Distance Decay And Arroyo Development In The Henry Mountains Region, Utah, William Graf

William L. Graf

No abstract provided.

Dam Nation: A Geographic Census Of American Dams And Their Large-Scale Hydrologic Impacts, William Graf

William L. Graf

Newly available data indicate that darns fragment the fluvial system of the continental United States and that their impact on river discharge is several times greater than impacts deemed likely as a result of global climate change. The 75,000 dams in the continental United States are capable of storing a volume of water almost equaling one year's mean runoff, but there is considerable geographic variation in potential surface water impacts. In some western mountain and plains regions, darns can store more than 3 year's runoff, while in the Northeast and Northwest, storage is as little as 25% of the annual …

The Effect Of Dam Closure On Downstream Rapids, William Graf

William L. Graf

The force of flowing water and the resistance of the largest boulder provide a means of evaluation of the stability of rapids in canyon rivers. Field measurements and calculations show that the closure of Flaming Gorge Dam, Utah, has had a significant effect on the stability of rapids in the canyons of the Green River in Dinosaur National Monument 68 km (42 mi) downstream from the dam. The reduction in peak flows by the dam has limited the competence of the river to move boulders deposited in the main channel by tributary processes, landslides, and prehistoric floods. Before the dam …

Review Of "The Archaeology Of Mobility: Old World And New World Nomadism" By Barnard And Wendrich, Cotsen (Ucla), Nicholas Tripcevich

Nicholas Tripcevich, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Citizenship, Identity, And Transnational Migration: Arab Immigrants To The Us, Caroline R. Nagel, Lynn A. Staeheli

Caroline R. Nagel

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the changing relationships between identities, citizenship and the state in the context of globalisation. We first examine the ways in which scholars discuss changes in the ways in which citizenship and political identity are expressed in the context of international migration. We argue that much of the discussion of transnationalism and diaspora cling to an assumption that citizenship remains an important—though not defining—element of identity. Our position, by contrast, is that migration is one of a number of processes that transform the relationship between citizenship and identity. More specifically, we argue that …

Integration And The Negotiation Of 'Here' And 'There': The Case Of British Arab Activists, Caroline Nagel, Lynn Staeheli

Caroline R. Nagel

Immigrant-receiving societies are increasingly emphasizing the need for immigrants to integrate into mainstream life. In Britain, this trend has manifested itself in 'social cohesion' discourses and policies. Discussions about social cohesion have often focused on the residential patterns of immigrant and minority groups in British cities, with the assumption that residential patterns are an indication of social integration. Integration, however, is also a socio-political process by which dominant and subordinate groups negotiate the terms of social membership. We explore the ways in which British Arab activists conceptualize their membership in and responsibilities to their places of settlement; we also consider …

‘We’Re Just Like The Irish’: Narratives Of Assimilation, Belonging, And Citizenship Among Arab American Activists, Caroline Nagel, Lynn Staeheli

Caroline R. Nagel

This paper examines narratives of assimilation and belonging as activists attempt to position Arab-Americans as citizens and full members of the American polity. In interviews with activists, the experience of the Irish as immigrants and citizens was often invoked as the paradigmatic example of how immigrants are incorporated as citizens—an example that activists promoted as one that Arabs would follow. By invoking the Irish experience, activists hope to remind Americans that immigration history is not one of effortless assimilation, but is rather characterized by systematic exclusion and marginalization. In so doing, they articulate narratives of assimilation and belonging that draw …

Hidden Minorities And The Politics Of ‘Race’: The Case Of British Arab Activists In London, Caroline Nagel

Caroline R. Nagel

This paper uses a case study of activists in London's Arab communities to address the marginalisation of certain groups in academic analyses of 'race' and ethnicity. Theorisation of 'race' has become increasingly sophisticated, emphasising the fluidity of racial identities and the contextual specificity of racial ideologies and racialised practices. Yet very few empirical analyses of 'race' stray from the rigid categories of 'race' and ethnicity found in censuses and other official sources. The implication is that only certain groups 'count' as 'racial' and should be analysed in terms of 'race'. Using evidence gathered from intensive interviews with Arab community activists, …

Influence Of Job Accessibility On Housing Market Processes: Study Of Spatial Stationarity In The Buffalo And Seattle Metropolitan Areas, Sungsoon Hwang, Jean-Claude Thill

Sungsoon Hwang

Escenario Lingüístico Multilingüe: Una Evidencia De Vitalidad Etnolingüística, Maria Eugenia De Luna Villalón

Maria Eugenia De Luna Villalón

No abstract provided.

Enregistering Style, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

No abstract provided.

Participatory Rural Appraisal, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

Participation, empowerment and inclusion have become the new development buzzword. There has been a range of interpretations of the meaning of participation in development. Participatory development starts from the premise that it is important to identify and build upon strengths already present in communities. Perhaps the most widespread appearance of participation in mainstream development has been seen in the form of participatory methodologies of research, intended to gather a wide range of information from local people at their livelihoods, needs, and strengths, at the same time as 'empowering' them through a process of collaborative analysis and learning. PRA is a …

İkinci Lübnan Savaşı: Bir Yeniden Değerlendirme, Murat Yesiltas, Ali Balcı

Murat Yesiltas

This study attempts to analyze the process and humanitarian costs of Israel’s a thirtyfour-day war against Lebanon in the summer 2006. As it is stressed in many studies about the war, we will underline two points. Firstly, we will argue that the war had already planned before the invasion started and Israel had been waiting an excuse for initiating the war. Secondly, by focusing on the some reports which were published after the war, this study posits that Israel used “collective punishment” as a technique of war against the Lebanese and it suspended international law of war.

Manifest Greatness The Final Original Version By Emmanuel Mario B Santos Aka Marc Guerrero, Emmanuel Mario B. Santos Aka Marc Guerrero

Emmanuel Mario B Santos aka Marc Guerrero

MANIFEST GREATNESS vf24jan2010 WE COME TOGETHER THERE OUGHT TO BE NO POOR WE TAKE CHARGE.

Macusani Obsidian From Southern Peru: A Characterization Of Its Elemental Composition With A Demonstration Of Its Ancient Use, Nathan M. Craig, Robert Speakman, R. Popelka-Filcoff, Mark Aldenderfer, Luis Flores Blanco, Margaret Brown Vega, Michael Glasscock, Charles Stanish

Nathan M Craig

Transparent obsidian artifacts have been reported for the northern Lake Titicaca Basin. Based on instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of these artifacts a distinct chemical group was identified. Yet, the location of the source of transparent obsidian in the southern Andes remained unreported in the archaeological literature. This paper reports on the chemical composition and geographic location of a source of transparent obsidian from the Macusani region of Peru. Through the use of INAA and portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) we demonstrate that Macusani obsidian or macusanite comprises (at least) two chemical groups. One of these groups was used for making …

Evaluation Of Frontline Demonstration Of Greengram (Vigna Radiata L.) In Sundarbans, West Bengal, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

Green gram (mungbean) is one of the important pulse crop in India, which plays a major role in augmenting the income of small and marginal farmers of Sundarban. The prevalent farming situation in Sundarban areas being characterised by kharif season with paddy cultivation in rain-fed condition and water requirement for growing rabi and summer crops are met only through residual soil moisture and/or stored rain-water. The low production of traditional varieties of greengram was a cause of concern for the farmers at large. To overcome this problem of low yield, Krishi Vigyan Kendra of CIFRI has conducted frontline demonstration field …

Flat Whites: Work In Cafes, Janet G. Sayers

Janet G Sayers

Examines the phenomenon of people working in cafes in Auckland, New Zealand and argues that there are several characteristics of this type of work using the acronym FLAT WHITES. 1. Formality/informality (power, hierarchy, control) 2. Leisure (treat, reward, pleasure, non-work time, respite) 3. Aesthetic (marketing, branding, self-identity, status) 4. Transactions (relationship, networking, affiliation, horizontal communication) 5. Work stations (place of work, convenience, temporary work place, technology, table size, table distance, chair comfort 6. Hospitality (food and drink, inside/outside boundaries, welcome, belonging, rituals around food) 7. Innovate (creativity, idea work, entrepreneurialism, inspiration, synthesis) 8. Time (flexibility, time compression, work intensification, personal …

Custo-Roraima E Os Gastos Nas Eleições De 2010, Prof. Dr. Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

A Assembleia Legislativa De Roraima Após As Eleições De 2010, Prof. Dr. Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

Renovação Política É Aparente (Entrevista), Prof. Dr. Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

O Sistema Eleitoral Moderno E As Desfuncionalidades Da Lógica Política De Roraima, Prof. Dr. Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.

Custo-Roraima E Os Gastos Nas Eleições De 2010, Prof. Dr. Eloi Martins Senhoras

Elói Martins Senhoras

No abstract provided.