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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
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A History Of United States Cannabis Law, David V. Patton
A History Of United States Cannabis Law, David V. Patton
Journal of Law and Health
Perhaps the best way to understand early-Twenty-First Century state and federal cannabis law in the United States is to examine the relevant history. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s statement is apropos: "[A] page of history is worth a volume of logic." This article begins by discussing the early history of cannabis and its uses. Next, the article examines the first state and federal marijuana laws. After a brief comparison of alcohol prohibition to cannabis prohibition, this article addresses cannabis laws from the 1920s to the early 1950s. Then, the article takes up the reorganization of the federal drug regulatory bureaucracy …
A New Age Of Evolution: Protecting The Consumer’S Moral And Legal Right To Know Through The Clear And Transparent Labeling Of All Genetically Modified Foods, Halie M. Evans
Journal of Law and Health
The United States government, until recently, did not require the labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). On July 29, 2016, President Barack Obama signed into law the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (NBFDS). This law directs the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to create regulations that require manufacturers to disclose certain bioengineered products on food labels. On December 20, 2018, the USDA released the final regulations for the NBFDS, which requires food manufactures, importers, and certain retailers to ensure bioengineered foods are appropriately disclosed. The final regulations include provisions that will leave the majority of GMO derived foods unlabeled. …
Time For Change: Stepping Up The Fda's Regulation Of Dietary Supplements To Promote Consumer Safety And Awareness, George Kennett
Time For Change: Stepping Up The Fda's Regulation Of Dietary Supplements To Promote Consumer Safety And Awareness, George Kennett
Journal of Law and Health
People are often looking for that quick fix when it comes to their health. With dietary supplements so readily available on the market, the public assume that they have been through rigorous testing. Dietary supplements are not tested as much as consumers believe. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not initiate the same type of testing and analysis for supplements as it does for food, drink and medication. Given that people are now choosing supplemental meal replacements and the like, as opposed to whole foods, regulations drastically need to be stepped up in an effort to emphasise public safety. …
Solving The Opioid Epidemic In Ohio, Lacy Leduc
Solving The Opioid Epidemic In Ohio, Lacy Leduc
Journal of Law and Health
On May 31, 2017, Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine took a step in fighting Ohio's opioid epidemic, bringing the first of many lawsuits against five top pharmaceutical companies. However, under Federal and State law, there is an exception called the Learned Intermediary Doctrine, which can absolve drug manufacturers of liability from any misconduct that might be found and transfer that liability to a treating physician. This exception is the way many drug manufacturers were able to avoid being held responsible in the past. This Note proposes that with the current pending lawsuit in the State of Ohio, an exception to …
A Surging Drug Epidemic: Time For Congress To Enact A Mandate On Insurance Companies And Rehabilitation Facilities For Opioid And Opiate Addiction, Alanna Guy
Journal of Law and Health
This Note begins with a discussion of both the national opioid problem as well as the specific epidemic in Ohio as an example of how it has grown within all of the states. Part II discusses the differences between prescription opioids and opiates, how they can be obtained, what effects they have on the human body, and why the government has an interest in this growing problem. Next, this Note explains how and why there was an increase in access and addiction to prescription opioid pain medication. Following this explanation, the steps the government has taken to try to rectify …
Circling The Drain: Regulating Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Sources, William Gutermuth
Circling The Drain: Regulating Nutrient Pollution From Agricultural Sources, William Gutermuth
Journal of Law and Health
The 2014 Toledo, Ohio tap water ban has, at least temporarily, put a spotlight on United States water supplies. Consequently, many Americans have begun to take a closer look at the quality of the fresh water bodies being used to supply tap water to their homes. Therefore, this Note analyzes the problems currently threatening the lakes, rivers, and other surface waters that are the source of fresh drinking water for huge populations in the United States. Part II examines the problem of nutrient pollution and explains the harmful effects it has on human health. Part III provides an overview of …
Weird Science: Frankenstein Foods And States As Laboratories Of Democracy, Jennifer Mcgee
Weird Science: Frankenstein Foods And States As Laboratories Of Democracy, Jennifer Mcgee
Journal of Law and Health
The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (the 'National Standard') was signed into law July 29, 2016. This Article analyzes the National Standard and posits that Vermont’s Act 120 was a more effective labeling law because it safeguarded consumer sovereignty. The State regulatory scheme in place prior to the passage of the National Standard satisfied consumer demand for disclosure while allowing for necessary experimentation with GMO labeling. Part I provides an overview of the current federal scheme regulating GMOs. Part II analyzes of the conflict surrounding GMOs and labeling. Given that analysis, Part III compares the disclosure requirement of the National …
Mending Invisible Wounds: The Efficacy And Legality Of Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy In United States' Veterans Suffering With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Jonathan Perry
Journal of Law and Health
Though Veteran Affairs has provided crucial life sustaining—and often lifesaving—treatments to returning soldiers, the substantial and ever-increasing rates of veteran suicides, drug addictions, and criminal behavior indicate a need for broader options in treatment. One of the most profound discoveries uncovered through MDMA-assisted psychotherapy research is MDMA’s facilitation of the alleviation of addictive behavior in subjects, and, as a result, an alleviation of addictions in general. Addiction is one of the key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug abuse plays a large role in the other afflictions suffered by veterans, namely criminal activity and a high rate of …
The Not So "Sweet Surprise": Lawsuits Blaming Big Sugar For Obesity-Related Health Conditions Face An Uphill Battle, Catherine Srithong Wicker
The Not So "Sweet Surprise": Lawsuits Blaming Big Sugar For Obesity-Related Health Conditions Face An Uphill Battle, Catherine Srithong Wicker
Journal of Law and Health
Because obesity and its associated health problems have been largely attributed to poor self-control, laziness, and various other personal failings, society has been unwilling to assign blame to food manufacturers for their role in contributing to this problem. But, as consumers are becoming more aware of the significantly harmful effect that poor diets can have on a person’s heath, the scales may be tipping in favor of bringing “Big Food” to court. Food manufacturers, however, are not exactly vulnerable. Armed with precedent disputing the causal link between consumption of fast food and adverse health effects, judicially-created barriers to admitting epidemiologic …
Who Can Afford It?: The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act's Failure To Regulate Excessive Cost-Sharing Of Prescription Biologic Drugs , Michael Callam
Who Can Afford It?: The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act's Failure To Regulate Excessive Cost-Sharing Of Prescription Biologic Drugs , Michael Callam
Journal of Law and Health
This Note will discuss how the PPACA’s abbreviated approval pathway for biological products creates an expedited procedure to bring less expensive biologic drugs to the market, but ultimately fails to make those biologic drugs affordable because of its lack of provisions limiting insurers’ use of excessive cost-sharing requirements. Part II provides an overview of prescription drugs, compares biologics with traditional prescription drugs, and provides a brief legislative history of prescription drug laws. Part III analyzes the impact of the abbreviated approval pathway on biologic drugs’ costs to prescribed patients. It also examines the PPACA’s effects on biologics inclusion into health …
Squashing The Superbugs: A Proposed Multifaceted Approach To Combatting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria , Lauren Orrico
Squashing The Superbugs: A Proposed Multifaceted Approach To Combatting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria , Lauren Orrico
Journal of Law and Health
Section II of this Note will provide background on the practices of the United States farming system, which fosters the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This section will also provide background on the detrimental effects that antibiotic resistance has on human health and will briefly describe the legal history of food and drug regulations. After establishing an informational foundation, Part III will elaborate on current laws and describe the legal authority of key players, before pointing out the shortcomings in current animal feed policy and recommending the development of further regulation in this area. Additionally, Part III will propose new legislation …
The Highs Of Tomorrow: Why New Laws And Policies Are Needed To Meet The Unique Challenges Of Synthetic Drugs , Joseph A. Cohen
The Highs Of Tomorrow: Why New Laws And Policies Are Needed To Meet The Unique Challenges Of Synthetic Drugs , Joseph A. Cohen
Journal of Law and Health
This article reviews the federal government’s attempts to control the influx of synthetic drugs, particularly synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones, into the U.S. recreational drug market since 2008. It offers three recommendations targeted at Congress, the DEA, and the Department of State on ways to prevent and control synthetic drug use in America: (1) Congress should grant the DEA a new “immediate scheduling” authority; (2) the DEA should improve information sharing with states; and (3) the Department of State and the DEA should prioritize the development of a global early warning system.
Finding A Cure: Incentivizing Partnerships Between Disease Advocacy Groups And Academic Commercial Researchers , Anne M. Readel
Finding A Cure: Incentivizing Partnerships Between Disease Advocacy Groups And Academic Commercial Researchers , Anne M. Readel
Journal of Law and Health
Collaborations between for-profit drug companies and not-for-profit disease advocacy groups have risen in recent years in an effort to find cures for orphan diseases. These unique and beneficial collaborations are a result of disease advocacy groups assuming a more active role in drug development through the use of “venture philanthropy,” which employs concepts and techniques from venture capitalism and applies them to achieving philanthropic goals. While these collaborations have found remarkable success, such as the discovery of the first known cure for cystic fibrosis in 2012, venture philanthropy for drug discovery presents numerous legal and social challenges. This Article examines …
Pharmageddon: A Statutory Solution To Curb Ohio's Prescription Abuse Problem, Ed Woodworth
Pharmageddon: A Statutory Solution To Curb Ohio's Prescription Abuse Problem, Ed Woodworth
Journal of Law and Health
Prescription abuse in Ohio continues to be a serious and complex issue that should be addressed. Accordingly, Part II of this Note examines the background of prescription drug abuse generally. It identifies the dangers of prescription drug abuse, the cost drug abuse places on society, some reasons for prescription drug abuse, sources of prescription drugs, and discusses the current state and federal laws regarding prescription drug abuse and prescription reporting. Part III discusses the positive and negative aspects of H.B. 93 and Medical Rule 4731-11-11 and then offers proposals to more effectively prevent prescription drug abuse. Part IV discusses various …
Time To Cut The Fat: The Case For Government Anti-Obesity Legislation , Stephen A. Mcguinness
Time To Cut The Fat: The Case For Government Anti-Obesity Legislation , Stephen A. Mcguinness
Journal of Law and Health
This Article examines—and ultimately rejects—this anti-paternalism argument against government anti-obesity policies. It argues that government intervention in the food industry for the purpose of stemming the American obesity epidemic is justified and survives paternalistic objections to the contrary. This Article begins by briefly outlining the nature, severity, and causes of the obesity epidemic. It considers what can be done about the problem, finding that only government intervention is capable of effectively combating the crisis. It also outlines several types of potentially successful government anti-obesity strategies. Finally, it considers the primary topic of this Article: whether government anti-obesity policies constitute unjustified …
Beyond Nuremberg: A Critique Of Informed Consent In Third World Human Subject Research , Jacob Schuman
Beyond Nuremberg: A Critique Of Informed Consent In Third World Human Subject Research , Jacob Schuman
Journal of Law and Health
This Article discusses the history of informed consent, critically analyzes this principle, and suggests an alternative approach to informed consent. Part II explores the concept of informed consent, including its philosophical bases, its implementation through FDA regulations, and current proposals on how to protect the principle in drug testing conducted abroad. Part III performs a critical analysis of the principle of informed consent; first providing an empirical examination of the realities of Third World human subject research, and then questioning both the coherence of an abstract “right” to informed consent, as well as the possibility of truly autonomous “consent” to …
Food-Borne Ultimatum: Proposing Federal Legislation To Create Humane Living Conditions For Animals Raised For Food In Order To Improve Human Health, The, Lynn M. Boris
Journal of Law and Health
In order to reduce the large number of human health risks associated with reckless farming practices, Congress must enact federal legislation that requires humane living conditions for farm animals and declares a moratorium on the routine use of unnecessary antibiotics. Part II of this Note will briefly review traditional farming and animal husbandry practices and examine the shift to the modern practices used by producers of animal products today. Part II will also present several farming practices utilized today that are particularly dangerous to human health. Part III of this Note will explore the immense human suffering that is occurring …
Dying To Wait: How The Abigail Court Got It Wrong, Juan Joel Tovanche
Dying To Wait: How The Abigail Court Got It Wrong, Juan Joel Tovanche
Journal of Law and Health
At age twenty-one, Abigail Kathleen Burroughs met a fate usually reserved for aged men who have spent much of their lives drinking and smoking. Diagnosed with cancer at nineteen, Abigail battled the squamous cell carcinoma that invaded her body even as she struggled to maintain her characteristic optimism. Abigail struggled with more than her illness, however. In the last years of her life, Abigail and her family also wrestled with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations that denied her access to medication that could have saved her life. The policy at issue was the FDA's practice of progressive testing, which …
Combating The Unfair Competitive Edge: Random Drug Testing Should Be Implemented In Standardized Testing To Deter Illicit And Unfair Use Of Prescription Stimulants, Shawn Romer
Journal of Law and Health
This note will first give an overview of prescription stimulants and will then explore the prevalent number of students who illicitly take prescription stimulants to enhance their academic performance. A description of how illicit use can be harmful to a student follows, and thereafter the note describes the scant current safeguards that currently exist against the use of illicit prescription stimulants. An explanation of the importance of standardized test scores to admissions follows, along with a description of how this importance has motivated students to seek an unfair competitive edge through illicit drug usage, which happens in many sporting competitions. …
The First Amendment And Diet Industry Advertising: How Puffery In Weight-Loss Advertisements Has Gone Too Far, Jennifer E. Gross
The First Amendment And Diet Industry Advertising: How Puffery In Weight-Loss Advertisements Has Gone Too Far, Jennifer E. Gross
Journal of Law and Health
Stricter government regulations regarding commercial speech that promotes weight-loss or diet products should be considered for three reasons. First, studies have shown that diet industry advertising often makes weight loss claims that are scientifically impossible. Second, consumers have suffered adverse health effects as a result of trying weight-loss programs or diet products. Third, current FTC regulations are not curbing the problem. Part II of this note outlines the history of commercial speech and its protections under the First Amendment, along with the history of the rapidly expanding diet industry and its regulatory framework. Part II examines the three arguments in …
Restricting Access To Unapproved Drugs: A Compelling Government Interest , Peter M. Currie
Restricting Access To Unapproved Drugs: A Compelling Government Interest , Peter M. Currie
Journal of Law and Health
The prospective review and approval of drugs is central to the public health mission of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Requiring pharmaceutical manufacturers to generate information about their products' safety and efficacy enables the agency to evaluate the risks and benefits associated with their use, thereby preventing overly harmful products from reaching the market. The majority of consumers benefit from this intervention by gaining access to an array of drugs that are proven to be safe and effective. Thus, governmental regulation in this area is arguably justified because the aggregate social welfare is substantially improved. However, this …
Dr. Joseph Rohan Lex, Jr., M.D. Faaem - The Physician-Pharmaceutical Industry Relationship, Joseph Rohan Lex Jr.
Dr. Joseph Rohan Lex, Jr., M.D. Faaem - The Physician-Pharmaceutical Industry Relationship, Joseph Rohan Lex Jr.
Journal of Law and Health
My premise is that physician interactions with marketing representatives result in inevitable and irreconcilable conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest. Our patients in medicine are the ultimate losers from such interactions.
Sources: Pharmaceutical Promotion And The Medical Profession: Appendix A , Joseph Rohan Lex Jr.
Sources: Pharmaceutical Promotion And The Medical Profession: Appendix A , Joseph Rohan Lex Jr.
Journal of Law and Health
No abstract provided.
The Affordable Prescription Drugs Act: A Solution For Today's High Prescription Drug Prices , John D. Pinzone
The Affordable Prescription Drugs Act: A Solution For Today's High Prescription Drug Prices , John D. Pinzone
Journal of Law and Health
This article will discuss a recently proposed bill, The Affordable Prescription Drugs Act (APDA), and how it will attempt to strike a balance between reducing prices to make essential drugs more available and affordable, and working with pharmaceutical companies to make sure they profit and invest their money into research and development of new essential drugs. It argues that the APDA increases competition in the market place, thus reducing the price of prescription drugs, while still allowing pharmaceutical companies to profit from their inventions. In reaching this conclusion this article examines the bill itself, how to define an essential drug, …
Internet Pharmacies: Cyberspace Versus The Regulatory State , Ty Clevenger
Internet Pharmacies: Cyberspace Versus The Regulatory State , Ty Clevenger
Journal of Law and Health
The unique qualities of e-commerce make it difficult to regulate under any circumstances, but the growth of online pharmacies in particular is far outpacing the ability of government officials to investigate and enforce existing drug laws. In 1999, Americans spent an estimated $44 million purchasing prescription drugs from online pharmacies, a figure that is projected to reach $1 billion per year by 2003. In December of 1999, President Clinton proposed $10 million in new funding for the FDA to regulate Internet pharmacies and hire 100 new employees, but the FDA has yet to explain whether this would be enough to …
Current Legal Intervention Regarding Experimental Treatments Must Be Changed: An Analysis Of High Doses Of Chemotherapy With Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation For Breast Cancer Patients, Emily Smayda
Journal of Law and Health
The specific analysis of HDC-ABMT will help the reader to realize that the medical procedures being dealt with by litigation are not necessarily wildly innovative. Insurance companies are hiding behind the guise of words such as "experimental" to avoid paying for treatments that are both feasible and needed. Further, HDC-ABMT being used for breast cancer patients, suggests a possible discriminatory aspect that cannot be reached with current legal intervention. This Note suggests ways of dealing with insurance coverage denial on a more direct level. Instead of being bogged down by contract language and ERISA preemption, proposals for national standards and …
Misconceptions And Misleading Information Prevail - Less Regulation Does Not Mean Less Danger To Consumers: Dangerous Herbal Weight Loss Products, Jennifer Sardina
Misconceptions And Misleading Information Prevail - Less Regulation Does Not Mean Less Danger To Consumers: Dangerous Herbal Weight Loss Products, Jennifer Sardina
Journal of Law and Health
This Note will examine the dangers associated with current dietary supplement regulation under the DSHEA and the problem of ill-informed consumers. As reflected in the title of this Note, misconceptions about dietary supplement regulation are abundant; consequently, section II of this Note will further discuss and offer illustrations in support of this position. Part III gives an overview of current regulation under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Also a brief discussion of the legislation that preceded the DSHEA is offered in section VI. Part V of this Note analyzes and defines the dietary ingredients that are …
Race For Perfection: Children's Rights And Enhancement Drugs, Therese Powers
Race For Perfection: Children's Rights And Enhancement Drugs, Therese Powers
Journal of Law and Health
This Note will address the question of what are a child's rights when the child's views differ from his or her parents regarding the child's use or refusal of enhancement drugs such as Ritalin and Human Growth Hormone. This Note will begin with a description of Ritalin and Human Growth Hormone along with the uses and abuses of each drug. It will then discuss the evolution of children's rights dealing with situations such as civil commitment, abortion, and medical treatment over religious objection. Furthermore, it will draw comparisons from the case law in these situations to a child's right to …
Pharmaceuticals: The Battle For Control In The 21st Century, Rachel F. Ochs
Pharmaceuticals: The Battle For Control In The 21st Century, Rachel F. Ochs
Journal of Law and Health
To explore these concepts, this paper focuses on the Japanese motivation for taking control in the pharmaceutical industry and efforts that the US can take to ensure its role as a leader in the pharmaceutical industry. First, the paper discusses how Japan is poised to invade the US pharmaceutical market, reasons for Japanese entry into the market, the Japanese focus on research, recent examples of Japanese expansion and how US policy may affect Japanese expansion into the pharmaceutical market. The next section describes the need for the FDA to protect consumer interests in the US since market forces and / …
Meeting The Objectives Of The Mda: Implied Preemption Of State Tort Claims By The Medical Device Amendments, Theresa J. Pulley Radwan
Meeting The Objectives Of The Mda: Implied Preemption Of State Tort Claims By The Medical Device Amendments, Theresa J. Pulley Radwan
Journal of Law and Health
This article attempts to reconcile the competing purposes of the MDA, and to offer one alternative to effectuate Congress' purposes without preempting some claims and permitting others. First, this article will describe the arrangement of the MDA, including the classification provisions for medical devices and the preemption provision of the MDA. Next, this article will interpret the caselaw regarding preemption in general, and specifically preemption of state tort claims by the MDA. Finally, this article seeks to reconcile two competing purposes of Congress in enacting the MDA through implied preemption of state tort claims, with exceptions for devices which have …