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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
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Research Brief No. 24 - (In)Visible Minorities In Canadian Health Data And Research, Mushira Khan, Karen Kobayashi, Sharon M. Lee, Zoua M. Vang
Research Brief No. 24 - (In)Visible Minorities In Canadian Health Data And Research, Mushira Khan, Karen Kobayashi, Sharon M. Lee, Zoua M. Vang
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This study examines the nature and extent of data and research on the role of race or visible minority status on health in Canada. Visible minorities represent a rapidly growing segment of Canada’s population. Approximately one in five Canadians is a member of a visible minority group. Policy makers and researchers are often unable to answer important questions related to visible minority health such as: Are visible minority Canadians healthier or less healthy than their white counterparts? Do risk factors for health conditions differ for visible minority and white Canadians? And how do different visible minority groups compare with one …
Research Brief No. 23 - Exiting Poverty In Canada, Lori J. Curtis, Kate Rybczynski
Research Brief No. 23 - Exiting Poverty In Canada, Lori J. Curtis, Kate Rybczynski
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This study investigates the determinants of poverty duration in Canada, and examines which factors may affect women and men differently. It specifically focuses on poverty exit destinations: exits to just above the poverty line versus exits to further above the poverty line. Results show that nearly 25% of poverty spells end within 110% of the poverty line, meaning near poverty. The study also indicates that receiving social assistance, being an immigrant, being disabled, and having pre-school aged children are strongly associated with both a lower probability of exiting poverty, and a lower probability of exiting to higher income levels. Finally, …
Policy Brief No. 25 - Are Immigrants In Better Health Than Native Canadians?, Zoua M. Vang, Astrid Flenon, Alain Gagnon
Policy Brief No. 25 - Are Immigrants In Better Health Than Native Canadians?, Zoua M. Vang, Astrid Flenon, Alain Gagnon
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
A number of studies have shown that immigrants tend to be in better health than their fellow citizens in their host countries, at least during the initial period following their arrival. Our work, a systematic review which brings together the results of 77 empirical research studies on this question, demonstrates that while the “healthy immigrant” effect is usually found in adult immigrants, it is another matter for children and older people. The extent of the healthy immigrant selection effect is also much more significant in terms of mortality than of morbidity. Our analysis suggests that immigrant health policies should not …
Policy Brief No. 24 - Are Female Baby Boomers Ready For Retirement?, Lori Curtis, Kate Rybczynski
Policy Brief No. 24 - Are Female Baby Boomers Ready For Retirement?, Lori Curtis, Kate Rybczynski
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Due to their life-course socio-economic conditions, many female boomers may suffer large decreases in well-being as they head into retirement. Pension reforms which increase retirement age will disproportionately disadvantage those already in low income. While changes to the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) will reduce losses from poor or sporadic labour force participation, these changes are too late to help the early boomer women. Likewise, while research suggests that improving retirement outcomes must begin with improved labour market conditions, inequitable conditions persist. Therefore, any current policy change will miss helping the early boomers. Finally, with increasing rates of chronic disease and …
Dossier De Politique No. 25 - Les Immigrants Sont-Ils En Meilleure Santé Que Les Natifs Du Canada?, Zoua M. Vang, Jennifer Sigouin, Astrid Flenon, Alain Gagnon
Dossier De Politique No. 25 - Les Immigrants Sont-Ils En Meilleure Santé Que Les Natifs Du Canada?, Zoua M. Vang, Jennifer Sigouin, Astrid Flenon, Alain Gagnon
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Plusieurs études montrent que les immigrants sont en meilleure santé que leurs concitoyens du pays d’accueil, du moins dans les premiers temps suivant leur arrivée. Le présent travail de synthèse (prenant en considération 77 travaux empiriques sur la question) démontre que si l’effet de « l’immigrant en bonne santé » est souvent avéré chez les immigrants adultes, il en va tout autrement chez les enfants ou les personnes âgées. L’ampleur de l’effet de sélection est aussi nettement plus significative pour les indicateurs de mortalité que de morbidité. Notre analyse suggère que les politiques en matière de santé des immigrants ne …
Dossier De Politique No. 22 - La Nouvelle Immigration Et L'Identité Ethnique, Christoph M. Schimmele, Zheng Wu
Dossier De Politique No. 22 - La Nouvelle Immigration Et L'Identité Ethnique, Christoph M. Schimmele, Zheng Wu
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Cette synthèse des connaissances fournit une évaluation à jour de l’influence de l’acculturation des enfants sur leur identité sociale. Bien que d’autres facteurs aient un impact sur le développement de l’identité, cette synthèse met l’accent sur le point de rencontre entre l’identité et les relations intergroupes. La plupart des immigrants arrivés après 1965 se heurtent à des circonstances économiques et à une barrière de « couleur » qui compliquent le processus d’acculturation. Comment ces forces structurelles affectent-elles le parcours qui mène à devenir un Canadien ou un Américain est une question dont la portée est étendue. Dans les groupes qui …
Research Brief No. 21 - Academic Performance And Educational Pathways Of Allophone Youth: A Comparative Analysis Of Montreal, Toronto, And Vancouver, Jacques Ledent
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This study examines the academic performance and educational pathways of students who do not speak the language of schooling at home—that is, French in Montreal and English in Toronto and Vancouver. Overall, we discover that these students, who consist of almost exclusively allophones, graduate more or less as other students but, when their personal characteristics are controlled, they appear to succeed much better, especially in Vancouver. However, there are substantial differences in performance between linguistic subgroups of allophones. Further, these subgroups tend to show varied results by city. Educational authorities should therefore pay special attention to the criteria used to …
Dossier De Recherche No. 22 - De Nouvelles Pistes Sur Le Vieillissement Démographique Et Les Coûts Des Soins De Santé Au Québec, Michaël Boissonneault, Jacques Légaré, Yann Décarie
Dossier De Recherche No. 22 - De Nouvelles Pistes Sur Le Vieillissement Démographique Et Les Coûts Des Soins De Santé Au Québec, Michaël Boissonneault, Jacques Légaré, Yann Décarie
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Cette recherche s'intéresse aux déterminants individuels associés à la variation des coûts publics des soins de santé, chez les Québécois de 65 ans et plus, vivant en ménage privé, avec incapacités. À l'aide de données administratives, la variation des coûts pour la consultation de professionnels de la santé et la consommation de produits pharmaceutiques a été analysée en fonction du nombre d’incapacités ainsi que de la nature de celles-ci. Les résultats montrent que des coûts plus élevés sont associés à un nombre plus élevé d'incapacités ainsi qu'à certains types particuliers d'incapacité, soient celles liées à l’agilité, la mobilité et, plus …
Dossier De Recherche No. 18 - Mariage Ou Union Libre: Aucun Impact Sur La Réussite, Solène Lardoux, David Pelletier
Dossier De Recherche No. 18 - Mariage Ou Union Libre: Aucun Impact Sur La Réussite, Solène Lardoux, David Pelletier
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Dans la société québécoise, l’union libre est devenue une alternative au mariage comme cadre de formation des familles. Cependant, très peu de recherches ont comparé le développement des enfants de parents en union libre et de parents mariés. De même, les effets de la séparation d’une union libre et d’un mariage ont rarement été distingués les uns des autres. Avec un échantillon représentatif de 1347 enfants provenant de l’Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec (ÉLDEQ), cette étude regarde les liens entre l’état matrimonial des parents à la naissance de l’enfant, la survenue d’une rupture conjugale et le rendement …
Policy Brief No. 19 - Caregiver Assessment: An Essential Component Of Continuing Care Policy, Janice Keefe, Nancy Guberman, Pamela Fancey, Lucy Barylak
Policy Brief No. 19 - Caregiver Assessment: An Essential Component Of Continuing Care Policy, Janice Keefe, Nancy Guberman, Pamela Fancey, Lucy Barylak
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Family and friend caregivers are the backbone of Canada’s health and social care systems. The support they provide is indispensable in enabling individuals with long-term health issues to remain in their communities. Caregivers take on a challenging role—one that can impact their physical and mental health, social activities, personal finances, employment and relationships (Health Council of Canada, 2012; Keefe, 2011). Caregivers’ health and wellbeing has repercussions for the care recipient, their family, their communities and the health care system. To support this critical role, caregivers need to be understood as partners in care, but also as potential individual clients of …
Policy Brief No. 17 - Language Training And Education Help Adult New Immigrants Exit Poverty, Lisa Kaida
Policy Brief No. 17 - Language Training And Education Help Adult New Immigrants Exit Poverty, Lisa Kaida
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
New immigrants to Canada are particularly vulnerable to poverty, but a study of data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada finds participation in English/French language training has a positive impact. The federally-funded official language training, a unique feature of Canada’s immigrant settlement policy, helps new immigrants overcome their initial economic hardships. In addition, education in Canada helps low-income adult newcomers with international postsecondary credentials lift their families out of poverty. As the highly educated comprise a majority of entering immigrants, facilitating their ability to return to school is a promising policy option for their economic well-being.
Policy Brief No. 14 - The Underutilization Of Immigrant Skills: Trends And Policy Issues, Jeffrey G. Reitz, Josh Curtis, Jennifer Elrick
Policy Brief No. 14 - The Underutilization Of Immigrant Skills: Trends And Policy Issues, Jeffrey G. Reitz, Josh Curtis, Jennifer Elrick
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Since 1996, the problem of underutilization of immigrant skills in Canada has grown significantly. University-educated immigrants are more numerous, yet our census analysis shows that their access to skilled occupations in the professions and management declined between 1996 and 2006. In these years, the value of work lost to the Canadian economy from immigrant skill underutilization grew from about $4.80 billion to $11.37 billion, annually. Given the significance of immigration for economic development, the evaluation of current policies and consideration of future directions seem urgent.
Research Brief No. 15 - Visible Minority Groups Vary In Social Integration, Zheng Wu, Christoph M. Schimmele, Feng Hou
Research Brief No. 15 - Visible Minority Groups Vary In Social Integration, Zheng Wu, Christoph M. Schimmele, Feng Hou
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
On the basis of the 2001 Ethnic Diversity Survey, this study examines relationship between generation of Canadian residence and social integration. Two subjective (self-reported) measures of integration are used: sense of belonging to Canada and feelings of discomfort living in the host society. The study finds that the relationship between immigrant generation and social integration depends upon demographic and neighbourhood characteristics, as well as upon the city of settlement. The study also illustrates that while sense of belonging does not change across immigrant generations, it is higher for South Asians, lower among Chinese and French Canadians, and similar to the …
Dossier De Recherche No. 14 - Trajectoires Familiales Et Réseau De Soutien Des Canadiens Âgés De Demain, France-Pascale Ménard, Céline Le Bourdais
Dossier De Recherche No. 14 - Trajectoires Familiales Et Réseau De Soutien Des Canadiens Âgés De Demain, France-Pascale Ménard, Céline Le Bourdais
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Depuis quelques décennies, les comportements touchant la vie en couple et la parenta-lité ont considérablement changé, bouleversant par la même occasion les réseaux fami-liaux des Canadiens. Ces changements auront indéniablement des répercussions sur l’apport d’aide aux personnes âgées dans l’avenir. Dans cette optique, on observe comment les étapes marquant la vie conjugale et la parentalité ont évolué chez les personnes étant nées entre 1923 et 1972. On compare ainsi les personnes âgées d’aujourd-’hui à celles de demain, ces dernières correspondant aux baby-boomers. Les résultats montrent que les comportements de ces derniers se sont diversifiés et complexifiés face à ceux de …
Research Brief No. 13 - The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Urban Southern Ontario, Martin Cooke, Julia Woodhall, Jennifer Mcwhirter
Research Brief No. 13 - The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Urban Southern Ontario, Martin Cooke, Julia Woodhall, Jennifer Mcwhirter
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The disproportionate needs of urban Aboriginal people make it important for urban social and health service providers to understand the conditions faced by this population. This synthesis paper reviews recent literature on urban Aboriginal populations in order to identify their characteristics and main areas of need. It is meant to inform those who work in health and social service planning and delivery in smaller urban centers, particularly non-Aboriginal service agencies in Southern Ontario. The existing research shows that urbanized First Nations, Métis and Inuit have greater needs for specific health, cultural, justice, financial, and educational services. Further-more, the literature indicates …
Research Brief No. 12 - The Effect Of Work Arrangements On Perceived Work-Family Balance, Karen A. Duncan, Rachael N. Pettigrew
Research Brief No. 12 - The Effect Of Work Arrangements On Perceived Work-Family Balance, Karen A. Duncan, Rachael N. Pettigrew
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The combined demands of the modern work world and raising a healthy family have many Canadian struggling to find enough time. Canadians are working more and more hours while wages largely remain stagnant. In order to address this growing concern, alternate work arrangements have been increasingly used to help employees strike some degree of work-family balance and decrease related issues of absenteeism and turnover in the workplace. This research explores the effect of three unique work strategies — flexible schedules, shift work and self-employment — on men and women in dual-earner families. It examines each arrangement’s impact on reported satisfaction …
Research Brief No. 11 - How Costs Affect Student Choice Of University, Martin D. Dooley, A. Abigail Payne, A. Leslie Robb
Research Brief No. 11 - How Costs Affect Student Choice Of University, Martin D. Dooley, A. Abigail Payne, A. Leslie Robb
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This study delves into the link between the cost to attain an undergraduate degree and the choice of university among academically stronger students. By looking at Ontario Undergraduate Application Centre data as well as the average family income in the student’s neighbourhood, researchers were able to conclude that the number of strong registrants at a university does not change substantially when there is a change in the net cost (tuition minus entry scholarship) of attending the institution. Entry scholar-ships usually are granted solely on the basis of high school grades and are guaranteed to any qualified applicant. There are, however, …
Research Brief No. 10 - Analyzing Canadian Women Working After Childbirth As Lifecourse Transition, Stéphanie Gaudet, Martin Cooke, Joanna Jacob
Research Brief No. 10 - Analyzing Canadian Women Working After Childbirth As Lifecourse Transition, Stéphanie Gaudet, Martin Cooke, Joanna Jacob
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This research focused on Canadian mothers who had a first child between 1970 and 1999, and the probability of these mothers working shortly after childbearing. Authors Stéphanie Gaudet, Martin Cooke and Joanna Jacob studied the change and underlying dynamics with two main questions. First, what are the characteristics that affect Canadian women’s employment? And how have women’s employment transitions after the birth of a first child changed over time? The investigators probed the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on labor force withdrawal using the 2001 General Social Survey, Cycle 15 on Family History. Employment transition was viewed through a type of …
Research Brief No. 8 - A Widening Parental Leisure Gap, Glenn J. Stalker
Research Brief No. 8 - A Widening Parental Leisure Gap, Glenn J. Stalker
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Who in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom have the least time for lei-sure? Our study finds that the distribution of leisure time today depends not only on gender, as previously found, but also on family and employment status. Since the 1960s, the amount of leisure time available to men and to women has become increasingly similar. However, parents of young children and those employed full-time are having increasingly less time for leisure than non-parents and those who are not employed. These analyses demonstrate the need to qualify accounts of over-work and the double-burden.
Research Brief No. 4 - An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America, Audra Bowlus, Jean-Marc Robin
Research Brief No. 4 - An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America, Audra Bowlus, Jean-Marc Robin
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Is earnings inequality in North America as high as previous research has suggested? And how does North America compare to Europe? Previous studies on this topic have found a higher level of earnings inequality in North America than in Continental Europe. However, these studies have focused largely on earnings in a single year. In their forthcoming study on earnings inequality, authors Audra Bowlus and Jean-Marc Robin develop a new methodology for investigating and comparing earnings inequality in North America and Europe. The methodology developed by Bowlus and Robin constructs a measure of lifetime earnings in order to compare lifetime earnings …
Policy Brief No. 10 - The Town With No Poverty: Health Effects Of Guaranteed Annual Income, Evelyn L. Forget
Policy Brief No. 10 - The Town With No Poverty: Health Effects Of Guaranteed Annual Income, Evelyn L. Forget
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) has been advocated and opposed in both the United States and Canada as a means to fight poverty since the 1960s, but how does GAI influence specific health and social outcomes? In examining data from a town involved in a Canadian GAI field experiment, we primarily found that a relatively modest GAI can improve population health at the community level. Considering the increasing burden of health care costs in Canada, it is possible that implementing GAI could amount to considerable savings.
Policy Brief No. 8 - Cigarette Taxes And Smoking Participation: Evidence From Canadian Tax Increases, Sunday Azagba, Mesbah Sharaf
Policy Brief No. 8 - Cigarette Taxes And Smoking Participation: Evidence From Canadian Tax Increases, Sunday Azagba, Mesbah Sharaf
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Although cigarette taxes are a popular anti-smoking measure with policy-makers, we find evidence of a varied response to cigarette taxes among different groups of smokers in Canada. In particular, contrary to other studies, we find that the middle age group--the largest group of smokers in our sample--is largely unresponsive to taxes. Our results show there is no “one-size fits all” anti-smoking policy. Knowing socio-demographic characteristics of smokers who respond differently to tax increases will help in designing supplementary anti-smoking measures.
Intimate Partner Violence In Canadian Lgb Communities, Betty J. Barrett, Melissa St. Pierre
Intimate Partner Violence In Canadian Lgb Communities, Betty J. Barrett, Melissa St. Pierre
CRDCN Research Highlight/RCCDR en évidence
After nearly three decades of scholarship, it is no longer contestable that intimate partner violence (IPV) is found within gay, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB) communities just as it is in heterosexual partnerships. However, much of the research has been devoted to comparing heterosexual to same-sex couples and we know much less about the specific experience of bisexual-identified people. In this research we aimed to address these gaps by providing a look at within-group variations of LGB-identified individuals and their experiences of IPV.
Research Brief No. 2 - Models Of Earning And Caring: Trends, Determinants And Implications, Roderic Beaujot, Zenaida Ravanera, Jianye Liu
Research Brief No. 2 - Models Of Earning And Caring: Trends, Determinants And Implications, Roderic Beaujot, Zenaida Ravanera, Jianye Liu
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Families in Canada have undergone changes regarding the ways in which they earn a living and care for each other. Data taken from Statistics Canada time use surveys of 1986, 1992, 1998, and 2005 show changes in the average number of hours of paid and unpaid work completed by men and women.
Policy Brief No. 1 - Cognitive Function, Aging And Paid Work, Laurie M. Corna, David Haardt
Policy Brief No. 1 - Cognitive Function, Aging And Paid Work, Laurie M. Corna, David Haardt
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
In the context of an aging population and aging workforce, we consider the relationship between cognitive function and paid work. Cognitive function is maintained for most adults as they age, and there is evidence of a positive relationship between stimulating and engaging work environments and both levels of cognitive function and their maintenance over time. At the same time, irregular and long work hours are associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. However, the relationship between paid work and cognitive function is complex; education and training as well as health status are also related to cognitive function and work. We discuss implications …