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Development Of Novel Membranes For Nanocarbon Enhanced Separation With Application In Biofuels And Solvent Recover, Oindrila Gupta

Dissertations

Pharmaceutical industries historically have had one of the highest amounts of solvent waste generated per unit of drug manufactured. Energy requirements and carbon footprint of current solvent recycling processes tend to be quite high, and the incineration of the solvents for waste disposal produces toxic air emissions. Also, rapidly increasing demand for energy and strict regulation on engine pollutant emissions have necessitated the use of alcohol as carbon-neutral fuels. Thermal distillation is one of the most common methods for the separation of alcohol-water mixtures. However, its application is limited due to energy requirements and high operating costs, and heating to …

Nanocarbon Modification Of Membranes For Enhanced Water Desalination And Water Treatment, Worawit Intrchom

Dissertations

Water scarcity is foreseen to be one of the great global issues in the coming decades. The challenges are not only in providing water supply to cope with the growing public demand, but recovering clean water to natural resources. Clean water supply, from brackish and seawater is attractive. Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging thermal membrane-based process that has been used for desalination and other pollutant separations from water. MD can be operated at low temperature, so low-grade energy sources are a good alternative heat source for MD. High salt rejection and low membrane fouling also make MD interesting for …

Reduction In Salt Deposition On Carbon Nano-Tube Immobilized Membrane During Desalination Via Membrane Distillation, Madihah Saud Humoud

Dissertations

As water scarcity increases globally under the stresses of increasing demand, aquifer depletion, and climate change, the market for efficient desalination technologies has grown rapidly to fill the void. One such developing technology, membrane distillation (MD), has found much interest in the scientific community. MD has also been powered by solar energy and waste heat resources because it can be operated at relatively low temperatures. Recent studies indicate that MD could potentially achieve the efficiencies of state-of-the-art mature thermal desalination technologies, although additional engineering and scientific challenges must first be overcome.

MD can be used to treat high salinity water …

Novel Membrane Structures For Air And Water Purification, Smruti Ragunath

Dissertations

Membrane separations have undergone rapid developments in recent years. The key component in the process is the membrane itself which acts as a selective barrier regulating transport of components between the two sections. The main advantage of membrane separation process in comparison to other unit operations is its unique separation principle, ease of operation, lower energy requirement, and can be easily coupled with other downstream processes. Different membrane based applications include filtration, osmosis, dialysis, gas separation, pervaporation, membrane extraction and membrane distillation (MD). The membranes can be fabricated by a variety of processes such as phase inversion, sol-gel, track etching, …

Enhanced Membrane Distillation : Analytical And Deionization Applications, Ken Gethard

Dissertations

Membrane distillation (MD) is a newer technology that is being investigated for applications such as seawater desalination and concentration of fruit and sucrose solutions. The major advantage of MD over traditional thermal distillation is that it requires a substantially lower thermal energy requirement to power the process. This allows low grade energy sources such as waste heat or solar energy to be used with MD. Compared to concentration processes such as reversed osmosis or ion-exchange, MD does not require specialized equipment, high electrical consumption, the use of strong acids and bases nor does it generate hazardous waste as a by-product. …