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Valorization Of Xylan In Agroforestry Waste Streams, Harrison Appiah
Valorization Of Xylan In Agroforestry Waste Streams, Harrison Appiah
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Valorization of Xylan in Agroforestry Waste Streams.
Harrison Appiah
Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent and gamma-valerolactone metallic chloride catalyzed conversion of xylan to furfural were investigated using a 2x3 factorial experimental design at two levels of percent microwave power, reaction time, and catalyst concentration. The levels of each factor studied were (20%, 60% microwave power, 2, 4 minutes, and 10, 20mg) respectively. The effect of three metallic chloride catalysts (LiCl, FeCl3.6H20, CuCl2) on the conversion of xylan to furfural was also investigated. The gamma-valerolactone-ferric chloride sent system exhibited the highest mean yield of furfural (56.50%). The next highest furfural yield of …
Application Of Artificial Intelligence In Three Phase Unbalanced Smart Power Distribution Grid, Deepak Tiwari
Application Of Artificial Intelligence In Three Phase Unbalanced Smart Power Distribution Grid, Deepak Tiwari
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Electrification of the transportation sector can play an essential role in curbing fossil fuel scarcity and oil shortages in the world. Electric vehicles (EVs) can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, improve urban pollution. Apart from these advantages of EVs, they may also pose challenges to the distribution grid. Increasing penetration of EVs puts an extra burden and leads to affect the grid severely. Load congestions, voltage drops/regulation, overloading are some of the issues that might incur in the grid because of improper charging of EVs. The uncertain nature of EV owners makes it very difficult to predict the charging pattern. So …
Sustainability Key Performance Indicators For Mass Customization, Md Fahid Hasan Pulak
Sustainability Key Performance Indicators For Mass Customization, Md Fahid Hasan Pulak
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Today’s manufacturers are striving towards a more sustainable and customized product offering in their value chain to satisfy customer demand and compete on the marketplace. By adopting sustainability practices, companies are not only complying with environmental regulations but are strategically addressing the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability (environmental, social, and economic). Similarly, mass customization allows a company to better satisfy their customers by creating individualized products economically. Moving forward, it is important to better understand the relationship of these two competitive strategies. In order to assess the sustainability performance of mass customization, it is important to understand the appropriate …
Natural Gas Conversion To Value-Added Chemicals By Microwave Catalytic Processes, Brandon Robinson
Natural Gas Conversion To Value-Added Chemicals By Microwave Catalytic Processes, Brandon Robinson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Ethane is the second-largest component in natural gas and is typically separated out to minimize condensation in the pipelines. The technical difficulties and cost associated with the transportation and the storage of ethane have led companies to start burning natural gas to produce power or flaring which attributes to the global CO2 emission problem. The conversion of ethane to higher-value liquid products is of increasing importance so that the natural gas can be safely utilized and cost-effectively transported. Existing commercial technologies used to convert ethane to liquid chemical products are typically based on the indirect syngas route, such as …
Multimodel Operability Framework For Design Of Modular And Intensified Energy Systems, Vitor Gazzaneo
Multimodel Operability Framework For Design Of Modular And Intensified Energy Systems, Vitor Gazzaneo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
In this dissertation, a novel operability framework is introduced for the process design of modular and intensified energy systems that are challenged by complexity and highly constrained environments. Previously developed process operability approaches are reviewed and further developed in terms of theory, application, and software infrastructure. An optimization-based multilayer operability framework is introduced for process design of nonlinear energy systems. In the first layer of this framework, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based iterative algorithm considers the minimization of footprint and achievement of process intensification targets. Then, in the second layer, an operability analysis is performed to incorporate key features of …
Dynamic Optimization Algorithms For Baseload Power Plant Cycling Under Variable Renewable Energy, Rebecca Hyen Hae Kim
Dynamic Optimization Algorithms For Baseload Power Plant Cycling Under Variable Renewable Energy, Rebecca Hyen Hae Kim
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The growing deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources, such as wind and solar, is mainly due to the decline in the cost of renewable technologies and the increase of societal and cultural pressures. Solar and wind power generation are also known to have zero marginal costs and fuel emissions during dispatch. Thereby, the VRE from these sources should be prioritized when available. However, the rapid deployment of VRE has heightened concerns regarding the challenges in the integration between fossil-fueled and renewable energy systems. The high variability introduced by the VRE as well as the limited alignment between demand and …
Deep Learning Architectures For Heterogeneous Face Recognition, Seyed Mehdi Iranmanesh
Deep Learning Architectures For Heterogeneous Face Recognition, Seyed Mehdi Iranmanesh
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Face recognition has been one of the most challenging areas of research in biometrics and computer vision. Many face recognition algorithms are designed to address illumination and pose problems for visible face images. In recent years, there has been significant amount of research in Heterogeneous Face Recognition (HFR). The large modality gap between faces captured in different spectrum as well as lack of training data makes heterogeneous face recognition (HFR) quite a challenging problem. In this work, we present different deep learning frameworks to address the problem of matching non-visible face photos against a gallery of visible faces.
Algorithms for …
Static And Dynamic Analysis Of Composite Plates Using The Monna Finite Element, Mohamed Omar
Static And Dynamic Analysis Of Composite Plates Using The Monna Finite Element, Mohamed Omar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Composite materials are replacing metals in many fields due to their favorable qualities such as strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue characteristics, and corrosion resistance. An efficient, versatile, and accurate composite plate element applicable to the dynamic analysis of composite plates would help the advancement of composites tremendously.
The objective of this research is to analyze composite plates using the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT), first-order deformation theory (FSDT), and higher-order deformation theory (HSDT) with the applicable finite element modeling (FEM) for each theory. This thesis investigates which theory is more efficient and accurate and evaluates the benefits of using an h-p-version …
Development Of Thermal Management Strategies Using Cylinder Deactivation For Low-Load Operation In Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks, Christian M. Hushion
Development Of Thermal Management Strategies Using Cylinder Deactivation For Low-Load Operation In Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks, Christian M. Hushion
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Cylinder deactivation (CDA) has been used in gasoline engines, for decades, as a strategy for fuel consumption reduction. The idea of CDA in the heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine sector has gained traction as a pathway to fuel efficient thermal management strategy. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) control has been a major focus over the last decade and maintaining conducive aftertreatment temperatures is a major design aspect. HDD original equipment manufacturers (OEM) have developed a variety of thermal management strategies which almost all revolve around large fuel penalties. The goal of all of these strategies is for thermal management of the diesel …
Uncertainty Estimation For Stereo Visual Odometry, Derek W. Ross
Uncertainty Estimation For Stereo Visual Odometry, Derek W. Ross
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Over the past few decades, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been increasingly popular for use in locations that are lacking, or have unreliable global navigation satellite system (GNSS) availability. One of the more popular localization techniques for quadrotors is the use of visual odometry (VO) through monocular, RGB-D, or stereo cameras. With primary applications in the context of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) and indoor navigation, VO is largely used in combination with other sensors through Bayesian filters, namely Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or Particle Filter. This work investigates the accuracy of two standard covariance estimation techniques for a feature-based …
Models And Solution Approaches For Integrated Student To School Assignment And School Bus Routing Problem Focusing On Special Needs Students, Azadeh Ansari
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
This dissertation addresses the integrated problem of assigning students to schools and generating school bus routes particularly focusing on the special needs students is addressed. Special needs students generally require supplementary accommodations and must be picked up from and dropped off at their home addresses. This will increase the number of nodes in the network and therefore introduces additional complexities to the problems of assignment and routing for students. An integrated single objective mathematical model is first developed that simultaneously assigns the students to schools based on their needs and generates efficient bus routes to deliver the students to their …
Investigating Nox Vs Co2 Tradeoff In Heavy Duty Emissions Through The Years Under The Scope Of Carb’S 3-Bin Moving Average Window Method, Ghadi Sadek
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
With the rise in urban pollution level over the last few years, regulatory agencies around the world have taken multiple steps to ensure engine exhaust pollutant are well monitored and properly regulated. Yet there exists a significant difference in emissions rates in various operating conditions between US and European products which currently uses a Moving average window (MAW) approach for their in-use compliance testing and certification program. Using WVU’s vehicle data collected using PEMS devices, this study aims at investigating the NOx versus CO2 tradeoff found in heavy duty diesel engines equipped with different aftertreatment technologies, under the scope of …
Effect Of Feedrate, Depth Of Cut, Tool Material, And Toolpath On Dimensional Accuracy And Surface Roughness Of Milled Cfrp, Assem Hesham Almadani
Effect Of Feedrate, Depth Of Cut, Tool Material, And Toolpath On Dimensional Accuracy And Surface Roughness Of Milled Cfrp, Assem Hesham Almadani
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
This thesis investigates the effect of different factors on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) milling, like feedrate, tool material, and cutting speed. CFRP offers excellent material properties, which led to the increase of the material in today's manufacturing industry. CFRP offers up to 2.25 times steel's modulus of elasticity at about a fifth of the weight and excellent thermal properties, which allow the use of this material in applications with high heat like automobiles. Many industries have implemented the use of CFRP in their applications, like airplanes and automobiles, which lead to a decrease in weight and increase in strength. …
Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Proton Conducting Electrolyte For Direct Ammonia Utilization, Edwin Vega Hiraldo
Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Proton Conducting Electrolyte For Direct Ammonia Utilization, Edwin Vega Hiraldo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Transportation represents about 27% of global warming greenhouse gas emissions nowadays. To reduce these emissions, fuel cell electric vehicles have been poised to be a new trend to provide zero-emission transportation. Among them, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer efficient, clean energy, especially when powered by carbon-free fuel, such as ammonia. To enable onboard ammonia-fed SOFCs, a metal-supported, proton-conducting SOFC is investigated in this study. The metal support would provide physical robustness for thermal shock during vehicles’ quick start-up and shutdown, reduce internal temperature gradients due to the greater thermal conductivity of the metal, and enable conventional metal joining for …
Improving Real-Time Methane Monitoring In Longwall Coal Mines Through System Response Characterization Of A Multi-Nodal Methane Detection Network, Brian Philip Cappellini
Improving Real-Time Methane Monitoring In Longwall Coal Mines Through System Response Characterization Of A Multi-Nodal Methane Detection Network, Brian Philip Cappellini
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Machine automation and atmospheric monitoring are used by many industries to improve safety and productivity in the workplace. The underground Methane Watchdog System (MWS) is a multi-nodal network of sensors currently under development. The MWS aims to improve safety and productivity by introducing 10 compact sampling units designed to be easily integrated within the current roof support equipment of the mine. Each unit contains an array of sensors used to continuously monitor the environmental conditions which include methane concentration, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. All MWS units report information back to a remote central processing hub (CPH) which collects nodal …
Interoperability Of Contact And Contactless Fingerprints Across Multiple Fingerprint Sensors, Brady M. Williams
Interoperability Of Contact And Contactless Fingerprints Across Multiple Fingerprint Sensors, Brady M. Williams
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Contactless fingerprinting devices have grown in popularity in recent years due to speed and convenience of capture. Also, due to the global COID-19 pandemic, the need for safe and hygienic options for fingerprint capture are more pressing than ever. However, contactless systems face challenges in the areas of interoperability and matching performance as shown in other works. In this paper, we present a contactless vs. contact interoperability assessment of several contactless devices, including cellphone fingerphoto capture. During the interoperability assessment, the quality of the fingerprints was considered using the NBIS NFIQ software with the contact-based fingerprint performing the best overall …
Development Of Synthetic Coal Char Simulant For Microwave Conversion Studies: A Computationally-Driven Approach, Kevin A. Hager
Development Of Synthetic Coal Char Simulant For Microwave Conversion Studies: A Computationally-Driven Approach, Kevin A. Hager
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Recent experimental demonstration of new reaction windows for coal char/methane reactions that are less energy-intensive, provides innovation for modular reactors. However, the correlation of the exact mechanism for the enhancement of these reaction windows is not certain. This study investigates the simplification of these experimental studies by developing a well-characterized coal char simulant. The approach involves using a computational approach to screen macroscopic composition to replicate the dielectric and compositional response of actual char. This study is focused on PRB coal char. A discrete element method (DEM) technique was used to simulate the packing of coal chars to give the …
Implementation Of Fuzzy Logic Control Into An Equivalent Minimization Strategy For Adaptive Energy Management Of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Jared Alexander Diethorn
Implementation Of Fuzzy Logic Control Into An Equivalent Minimization Strategy For Adaptive Energy Management Of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Jared Alexander Diethorn
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Electric vehicles have been introduced by the industry, showing promising signs of reducing emissions production in the automotive sector. However, many consumers may be hesitant to purchase fully electric vehicles due to several uncertainty variables including available charging stations. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to reduce problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in …
Dynamic Modeling Of A Coal Mill For Simultaneous Dynamic Data Reconciliation And Parameter Estimation, Vinayak Dwivedy
Dynamic Modeling Of A Coal Mill For Simultaneous Dynamic Data Reconciliation And Parameter Estimation, Vinayak Dwivedy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
In comparison with other gaseous and liquid fossil fuels used in power production, a coal fired power plants requires additional equipment for fuel preparation. A medium speed mill is usually a preferred equipment which serves in grinding and drying of the raw feed coal. Due to the high recycle of coal particles within a medium speed coal mill, the mill performance is sensitive to the efficiency of grinding and classification operations within mill. The goal of this research is to study the performance of the milling system and develop a method to estimate some of the unmeasured variables, which include …
Re-Design Of Precision Signal Conditioning Circuit For Detecting Schumann Resonance, Rohith Bikkina
Re-Design Of Precision Signal Conditioning Circuit For Detecting Schumann Resonance, Rohith Bikkina
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Extremely low frequencies signals are waves between 3 to 30Hz and corresponding wavelengths between 10,000 to 100,000 kilometers. The specific signals used here are generated from lightning and are excited at frequencies around 8Hz, 14Hz, 20Hz. These are often called Schumann Resonance frequencies. Several stations have been built around the world for identifying ELF waves. All of those required a sparsely populated area that was far away from electric power lines because of interference from electric noise at 50 Hz and 60Hz. This project develops and tests an amplifier and filter circuit that should assist in identifying the Schumann Resonance …
Simultaneous Activation Of Stable Molecules- Methane And Nitrogen- Using Microwave Reactor With And Without Plasma- To Produce Ethylene And Ammonia, Sarojini Tiwari
Simultaneous Activation Of Stable Molecules- Methane And Nitrogen- Using Microwave Reactor With And Without Plasma- To Produce Ethylene And Ammonia, Sarojini Tiwari
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The discovery of stranded natural gas around the world has made shale gas cheaper and widely accessible. This has driven the relevant research towards the direct utilization of Methane (CH4), a major component of natural gas. CH4 is a highly stable molecule, hence its activation and consequent formation of value-added chemicals in a direct and efficient manner is a relevant problem of the 21st century. All the commercial processes convert natural gas to chemicals indirectly, via the formation of syngas followed by several reactions. The conventional systems are energy intensive and one of the major contributors to green-house gas emissions. …
Modeling Gas Migration During A Gas Kick, Ali Zankawi
Modeling Gas Migration During A Gas Kick, Ali Zankawi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Gas kick is an undesirable problem in the oil and gas industry, which can potentially interfere with the production process and damage drilling equipment. The primary intent of this study is to highlight gas migration and its effect on gas kick mitigation approaches that would benefit the petroleum industry. The integrated analysis provides valuable insight regarding parameters promoting efficient drilling and production processes, Minimizing the risk of gas kicks. This study aimed to investigate the impact of critical parameters on gas migration during the gas kick in both water- and oil-based mud and promote the understanding of the dynamics of …
Microwave-Assisted Natural Gas Conversion To Value-Added Chemicals, Xinwei Bai
Microwave-Assisted Natural Gas Conversion To Value-Added Chemicals, Xinwei Bai
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Stranded gas is a raw gas mixture of volatile hydrocarbons where the main composition is methane. The producers flare the stranded gas at the site because the cost of collecting and transporting the gas is higher than the value of the gas itself. To reduce the waste of this natural resource, it is worthwhile to utilize the on-site stranded natural gas as feedstock to produce value-added chemicals without emitting greenhouse gas. Direct natural gas conversion process is more desirable because of lower capital investment. Methane and ethane, the two major components of natural gas, are very stable molecules that usually …
Mitigating Insider Threats In A Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control System Using Local Intra-Vehicle Data, Alexander Francis Colon
Mitigating Insider Threats In A Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control System Using Local Intra-Vehicle Data, Alexander Francis Colon
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
With the rise of Connected-and-Automated-Vehicle (CAV) technologies on roadways, transportation networks have become increasingly connected through Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems. With access to the additional data from V2X, modern cruise control systems like Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) are further improved upon to develop systems like Cooperative ACC (CACC) which reduces traffic congestion and increases driver safety and energy efficiency. With that increased connectivity, previously closed vehicle systems are now vulnerable to new security threats which pose new technical challenges. Significant research has been done to strengthen the network against external threats such as denial-of-service attacks (DoS) or passive eavesdropping attacks using …
Validation Of Shoulder Strain Index, Fabiha Islam
Validation Of Shoulder Strain Index, Fabiha Islam
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of shoulder are one of the most frequent and major causes of morbidity and pain among full-time workers in the USA. In 2018, shoulder disorders were the most severe type of MSDs in terms of lost workdays. Recent epidemiological studies have identified several biomechanical, organizational, and psychological factors that increase the risk of shoulder MSDs. Though multiple biomechanical studies have evaluated physical causal factors of shoulder MSDs with a goal of risk mitigation, literature lacks a standardized risk assessment tool. The main objective of this study was to validate a previously developed shoulder strain index. The strain …
Identical Twins As A Facial Similarity Benchmark For Human Facial Recognition, John Andrew Mccauley
Identical Twins As A Facial Similarity Benchmark For Human Facial Recognition, John Andrew Mccauley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The problem of distinguishing identical twins and non-twin look-alikes in automated facial recognition (FR) applications has become increasingly important with the widespread adoption of facial biometrics. Due to the high facial similarity of both identical twins and look-alikes, these face pairs represent the hardest cases presented to facial recognition tools. This work presents an application of one of the largest twin datasets compiled to date to address two FR challenges: 1) determining a baseline measure of facial similarity between identical twins and 2) applying this similarity measure to determine the impact of doppelgangers, or look-alikes, on FR performance for large …
Planetary Rover Inertial Navigation Applications: Pseudo Measurements And Wheel Terrain Interactions, Cagri Kilic
Planetary Rover Inertial Navigation Applications: Pseudo Measurements And Wheel Terrain Interactions, Cagri Kilic
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Accurate localization is a critical component of any robotic system. During planetary missions, these systems are often limited by energy sources and slow spacecraft computers. Using proprioceptive localization (e.g., using an inertial measurement unit and wheel encoders) without external aiding is insufficient for accurate localization. This is mainly due to the integrated and unbounded errors of the inertial navigation solutions and the drifted position information from wheel encoders caused by wheel slippage. For this reason, planetary rovers often utilize exteroceptive (e.g., vision-based) sensors. On the one hand, localization with proprioceptive sensors is straightforward, computationally efficient, and continuous. On the other …
Biomechanically Inspired Assistive Technology To Restore Movement Of The Upper Limbs After Stroke, Ariel Thomas
Biomechanically Inspired Assistive Technology To Restore Movement Of The Upper Limbs After Stroke, Ariel Thomas
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
A stroke often damages the neural structures responsible for movement. Stroke is a heterogeneous disease, affecting each survivor differently. There are common motor features of a stroke, but even these features vary across time as an individual proceeds through different stages of recovery. The different ways in which stroke motor impairment can present itself are often overlooked, but these differences are fundamental to the understanding of the disease and its recovery. When motor assessments are capable of acquiring information necessary to parse out a detailed profile of each stroke case, this will lead to an improved neuromechanical understanding of the …
Well Performance Analysis Of Mseel1 And Mseel2 Wellpads, Mohammad Faiq Adenan
Well Performance Analysis Of Mseel1 And Mseel2 Wellpads, Mohammad Faiq Adenan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
MSEEL1 and MSEEL2 are wellpads that were developed as a means of conducting research into how a gas well being developed in the Marcellus shale can be optimized from the reservoir identification stage to the completions and operational stage. This thesis provides a report of the workflow performed to use the generated data from different sources and analyze them for optimization.
MIP-3H and Boggess 17H were designated as science wells, for which the majority of the well logging and coring experiments were conducted on. The data obtained from the experiments were used as a basis for petrophysical analysis, the results …
Calibration Of Iri-Based Psi Equation Using Updated Quarter-Car Parameters, Shirin Bahaaeldin Hassan
Calibration Of Iri-Based Psi Equation Using Updated Quarter-Car Parameters, Shirin Bahaaeldin Hassan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The international roughness index (IRI) was established in the 1980s and later used in generating the present serviceability index (PSI), which was developed to predict present serviceability rating (PSR). PSR is a measure of ride quality ratings made by a panel of highway users. The ratings range from 0 to 5, where “0” for very poor and “5” for very good. Various studies had formulated the relationship between IRI and PSI for different types of pavements, such as flexible, rigid, and composite pavements. The current IRI-based PSI equation being used among many state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) was proposed by …