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Evaluating The Effects Of Water Influx On The Mississippi Sound: Current Vs. Historical Relationships, Jarett Lee Bell
Evaluating The Effects Of Water Influx On The Mississippi Sound: Current Vs. Historical Relationships, Jarett Lee Bell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the influence of the opening of the Bonnet Carre Spillway and other fresh water inputs on the Mississippi Sound. The Bonnet Carre Spillway was completed in 1931 and was constructed to protect New Orleans whenever the Mississippi River is at flood stage. The spillway drains into Lake Pontchartrain a brackish-water lagoon north of New Orleans which then drains into Lake Borgne and subsequently into the Mississippi Sound. The inflow of water from the spillway changes the water chemistry of all receiving water bodies and impacts the waters of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. We collected in-situ temperature specific …
Cross Calibration And Validation Of Landsat 8 Oli And Sentinel 2a Msi, M. M. Farhad
Cross Calibration And Validation Of Landsat 8 Oli And Sentinel 2a Msi, M. M. Farhad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This work describes a proposed radiometric cross calibration between the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel 2A Multispectral Instrument (MSI) sensors. The cross calibration procedure involves i) correction of the MSI data to account for spectral band differences with the OLI; and ii) correction of BRDF effects in the data from both sensors using a new model accounting for the view zenith/azimuth angles in addition to the solar zenith/view angles. Following application of the spectral and BRDF corrections, standard least-squares linear regression is used to determine the cross calibration gain and offset in each band. Uncertainties related to …
Using Remote Sensing To Estimate Crop Water Use To Improve Irrigation Water Management, Arturo Reyes-Gonzalez
Using Remote Sensing To Estimate Crop Water Use To Improve Irrigation Water Management, Arturo Reyes-Gonzalez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Irrigation water is scarce. Hence, accurate estimation of crop water use is necessary for proper irrigation managements and water conservation. Satellite-based remote sensing is a tool that can estimate crop water use efficiently. Several models have been developed to estimate crop water requirement or actual evapotranspiration (ETa) using remote sensing. One of them is the Mapping EvapoTranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model. This model has been compared with other methods for ET estimations including weighing lysimeters, pan evaporation, Bowen Ratio Energy Balance System (BREBS), Eddy Covariance (EC), and sap flow. However, comparison of METRIC model outputs to …
Drinking Water Infrastructure Assessment With Teleconnection Signals, Satellite Data Fusion And Mining, Sanaz Imen
Drinking Water Infrastructure Assessment With Teleconnection Signals, Satellite Data Fusion And Mining, Sanaz Imen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adjustment of the drinking water treatment process as a simultaneous response to climate variations and water quality impact has been a grand challenge in water resource management in recent years. This desired and preferred capability depends on timely and quantitative knowledge to monitor the quality and availability of water. This issue is of great importance for the largest reservoir in the United States, Lake Mead, which is located in the proximity of a big metropolitan region - Las Vegas, Nevada. The water quality in Lake Mead is impaired by forest fires, soil erosion, and land use changes in nearby watersheds …
A Roughness Correction For Aquarius Ocean Brightness Temperature Using The Conae Microwave Radiometer, Yazan Hejazin
A Roughness Correction For Aquarius Ocean Brightness Temperature Using The Conae Microwave Radiometer, Yazan Hejazin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aquarius/SAC-D is a joint NASA/CONAE (Argentine Space Agency) Earth Sciences satellite mission to measure global sea surface salinity (SSS), using an L-band radiometer that measures ocean brightness temperature (Tb). The application of L-band radiometry to retrieve SSS is a difficult task, and therefore, precise Tb corrections are necessary to obtain accurate measurements. One of the major error sources is the effect of ocean roughness that "warms" the ocean Tb. The Aquarius (AQ) instrument (L-band radiometer/scatterometer) baseline approach uses the radar scatterometer to provide this ocean roughness correction, through the correlation of radar backscatter with the excess ocean emissivity. In contrast, …
Development And Evaluation Of A Calibration Free Exhaustive Coulometric Detection System For Remote Sensing., Thomas James Roussel
Development And Evaluation Of A Calibration Free Exhaustive Coulometric Detection System For Remote Sensing., Thomas James Roussel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Most quantitative analytical measurement techniques require calibration to correlate signal with the quantity of analyte. The purpose of this study was to employ exhaustive coulometry, an implementation of coulometric analysis in a stopped-flow, fixed-volume, thin-layer cell, to attain calibration-free measurements that would directly benefit intervention-free analysis systems designed for remote deployment. This technique capitalizes on the short diffusion lengths (< 100 µm) to dramatically reduce the time for analysis (< 30 sec). For this work, a thin-layer fluidic cell was designed in software, fabricated via CNC machining, and evaluated using Ferri/Ferrocyanide {Fe(CN)63-/4-} as a model analyte. The 2 µL fixed volume incorporated an oval, 8mm by 4 mm, thin-film gold electrode sensor with an integrated Ag|AgCl pseudo-reference electrode. The flow cell area matched the shape of the sensor, with a volume set by the thickness of a laser-cut silicone rubber gasket (~80 µm). A semi-permeable membrane isolated the working electrode and counter electrode chambers to prevent analyte diffusion. A miniaturized custom potentiostat was designed and built to measure reaction currents ranging from 10 mA to 0.1 nA. Software was developed to perform step voltammetry as well as cyclic voltammetry analysis for verifying electrode condition and optimal redox potential levels. Experimentally determined oxidation/reduction potentials of -100 mV and 400 mV, respectively, were applied to the working electrode for sample concentrations ranging from 50 µM to 10,000 µM. The current generated during the reactions was recorded and the total charge captured at each concentration was obtained by integrating the amperograms. When compared to the expected charge for a 2 µL sample, the total charge vs. concentration plots displayed a near perfect linearity over the full concentration range, and the expected charge (100 % converted) was reached within 20 seconds. The reaction currents ideally should have decayed to background levels, but exhibited constant offset values slightly larger than the background signal, a phenomenon assumed to be lingering residual flow from sample injection. After adding rigid tubing and external valves, the thin-layer cell was shown to remain within 6% of the theoretical charge after 200 seconds. Continued development of this system will offer the possibility of remote, calibration-free determinations of real-world analytes such mercury and lead.
Integrated Remote Sensing And Forecasting Of Regional Terrestrial Precipitation With Global Nonlinear And Nonstationary Teleconnection Signals Using Wavelet Analysis, Lee Mullon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have a demonstrable effect on terrestrial climate dynamics throughout the continental U.S. SST variations have been correlated with greenness (vegetation densities) and precipitation via ocean-atmospheric interactions known as climate teleconnections. Prior research has demonstrated that teleconnections can be used for climate prediction across a wide region at sub-continental scales. Yet these studies tend to have large uncertainties in estimates by utilizing simple linear analyses to examine chaotic teleconnection relationships. Still, non-stationary signals exist, making teleconnection identification difficult at the local scale. Part 1 of this research establishes short-term (10-year), linear and non-stationary teleconnection signals …
Remote Sensing With Computational Intelligence Modelling For Monitoring The Ecosystem State And Hydraulic Pattern In A Constructed Wetland, Golam Mohiuddin
Remote Sensing With Computational Intelligence Modelling For Monitoring The Ecosystem State And Hydraulic Pattern In A Constructed Wetland, Golam Mohiuddin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring the heterogeneous aquatic environment such as the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) located at the northeast of the Everglades is extremely important in understanding the land processes of the constructed wetland in its capacity to remove nutrient. Direct monitoring and measurements of ecosystem evolution and changing velocities at every single part of the STA are not always feasible. Integrated remote sensing, monitoring, and modeling technique can be a state-of-the-art tool to estimate the spatial and temporal distributions of flow velocity regimes and ecological functioning in such dynamic aquatic environments. In this presentation, comparison between four computational intelligence models including Extreme …
Integrated Data Fusion And Mining (Idfm) Technique For Monitoring Water Quality In Large And Small Lakes, Benjamin Vannah
Integrated Data Fusion And Mining (Idfm) Technique For Monitoring Water Quality In Large And Small Lakes, Benjamin Vannah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring water quality on a near-real-time basis to address water resources management and public health concerns in coupled natural systems and the built environment is by no means an easy task. Furthermore, this emerging societal challenge will continue to grow, due to the ever-increasing anthropogenic impacts upon surface waters. For example, urban growth and agricultural operations have led to an influx of nutrients into surface waters stimulating harmful algal bloom formation, and stormwater runoff from urban areas contributes to the accumulation of total organic carbon (TOC) in surface waters. TOC in surface waters is a known precursor of disinfection byproducts …
Forecasting Volcanic Activity Using An Event Tree Analysis System And Logistic Regression, William N. Junek
Forecasting Volcanic Activity Using An Event Tree Analysis System And Logistic Regression, William N. Junek
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Forecasts of short term volcanic activity are generated using an event tree process that is driven by a set of empirical statistical models derived through logistic regression. Each of the logistic models are constructed from a sparse and geographically diverse dataset that was assembled from a collection of historic volcanic unrest episodes. The dataset consists of monitoring measurements (e.g. seismic), source modeling results, and historic eruption information. Incorporating this data into a single set of models provides a simple mechanism for simultaneously accounting for the geophysical changes occurring within the volcano and the historic behavior of analog volcanoes. A bootstrapping …
Incorporating Remotely Sensed Data Into Coastal Hydrodynamic Models: Parameterization Of Surface Roughness And Spatio-Temporal Validation Of Inundation Area, Stephen Conroy Medeiros
Incorporating Remotely Sensed Data Into Coastal Hydrodynamic Models: Parameterization Of Surface Roughness And Spatio-Temporal Validation Of Inundation Area, Stephen Conroy Medeiros
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation investigates the use of remotely sensed data in coastal tide and inundation models, specifically how these data could be more effectively integrated into model construction and performance assessment techniques. It includes a review of numerical wetting and drying algorithms, a method for constructing a seamless digital terrain model including the handling of tidal datums, an investigation into the accuracy of land use / land cover (LULC) based surface roughness parameterization schemes, an application of a cutting edge remotely sensed inundation detection method to assess the performance of a tidal model, and a preliminary investigation into using 3-dimensional airborne …
A Microwave Radiometer Roughness Correction Algorithm For Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval, Yazan Henry Hejazin
A Microwave Radiometer Roughness Correction Algorithm For Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval, Yazan Henry Hejazin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Aquarius/SAC-D is an Earth Science remote sensing satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) that is sponsored by the NASA and the Argentine Space Agency (CONAE). The prime remote sensor is the Aquarius (AQ) L-band radiometer/scatterometer, which measures the L-band emitted blackbody radiation (brightness temperature) from the ocean. The brightness temperature at L-band is proportional to the ocean salinity as well as a number of physical parameters including ocean surface wind speed. The salinity retrieval algorithm make corrections for all other parameters before retrieving salinity, and the greatest of these is the increased brightness temperature due to …
Engineering Evaluation Of Multi-Beam Satellite Antenna Boresight Pointing Using Land/Water Crossings, Catherine Susan May
Engineering Evaluation Of Multi-Beam Satellite Antenna Boresight Pointing Using Land/Water Crossings, Catherine Susan May
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Microwave Radiometer (MWR) on the Aquarius/SAC-D mission measures microwave radiation from earth and intervening atmosphere in terms of brightness temperature (Tb). It takes measurements in a push-broom fashion at K (23.8GHz) and Ka (36.5 GHz) band frequencies using two separate antenna systems, each producing eight antenna beams. Pre-launch knowledge of the alignment of these beams with respect to the space-craft is used to geolocate the antenna footprints on ground. As a part of MWR’s on-orbit engineering check-out, the verification of MWR’s pointing accuracy is discussed here. The technique used to assess MWR’s pointing involved comparing the radiometer image of …
An Improved Ocean Vector Winds Retrieval Approach Using C- And Ku-Band Scatterometer And Multi-Frequency Microwave Radiometer Measurements, Suleiman Odeh Alsweiss
An Improved Ocean Vector Winds Retrieval Approach Using C- And Ku-Band Scatterometer And Multi-Frequency Microwave Radiometer Measurements, Suleiman Odeh Alsweiss
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation will specifically address the issue of improving the quality of satellite scatterometer retrieved ocean surface vector winds (OVW), especially in the presence of strong rain associated with tropical cyclones. A novel active/passive OVW retrieval algorithm is developed that corrects Ku-band scatterometer measurements for rain effects and then uses them to retrieve accurate OVW. The rain correction procedure makes use of independent information available from collocated multi-frequency passive microwave observations provided by a companion sensor and also from simultaneous C-band scatterometer measurements. The synergy of these active and passive measurements enables improved correction for rain effects, which enhances the …
An Improved Hurrican Wind Vector Retrieval Algorithm Using Sea Winds Scatterometer, Peth Laupattarakasem
An Improved Hurrican Wind Vector Retrieval Algorithm Using Sea Winds Scatterometer, Peth Laupattarakasem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Over the last three decades, microwave remote sensing has played a significant role in ocean surface wind measurement, and several scatterometer missions have flown in space since early 1990's. Although they have been extremely successful for measuring ocean surface winds with high accuracy for the vast majority of marine weather conditions, unfortunately, the conventional scatterometer cannot measure extreme winds condition such as hurricane. The SeaWinds scatterometer, onboard the QuikSCAT satellite is NASA's only operating scatterometer at present. Like its predecessors, it measures global ocean vector winds; however, for a number of reasons, the quality of the measurements in hurricanes are …
Hurricane Wind Retrieval Algorithm Development For An Airborne Conical Scanning Scatterometer, Santhosh Vasudevan
Hurricane Wind Retrieval Algorithm Development For An Airborne Conical Scanning Scatterometer, Santhosh Vasudevan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Reliable ocean wind vector measurements can be obtained using active microwave remote sensing (scatterometry) techniques. With the increase in the number of severe hurricanes making landfall in the United States, there is increased emphasis on operational monitoring of hurricane winds from aircraft. This thesis presents a data processing algorithm to provide real-time hurricane wind vector retrievals (wind speed and direction) from conically scanning airborne microwave scatterometer measurements of ocean surface backscatter. The algorithm is developed to best suit the specifications for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division's airborne scatterometer Integrated Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler …
Remote Sensing And Data Collection In A Marine Science Application, Isaac Abraham Horn
Remote Sensing And Data Collection In A Marine Science Application, Isaac Abraham Horn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In every field of science, research is driven by the data scjentists are able to collect. Specifically in the area of marine science, researchers at the Darling Marine Center (DMC) in Walpole, Maine study thc emergence events of undersea organisms. This thesis describes the development of a system integrating hardware infrastructure and existing software technology with a new software application, for the purpose of data acquisition at the DMC. In their research, a Tracor Acoustic Profiling System (TAPS), measures the water column density by utilizing sonar pulscs at several different frequencies. A serial interface provides access to the systems command …
Raindrop Size Distribution Retrieval And Evaluation Using An S-Band Radar Profiler, Fang Fang
Raindrop Size Distribution Retrieval And Evaluation Using An S-Band Radar Profiler, Fang Fang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vertical pointing Doppler radar profilers are used to explore the vertical structure of precipitation cloud systems and to provide validation information for use in weather research. In this thesis, a theoretical radar rain-backscatter model was developed to simulate profiler Doppler spectra as a function of assumed rain parameters, of which the raindrop size distribution (DSD) is the fundamental quantity used to describe the characteristics of rain. Also, profiler observations during stratiform rain are analyzed to retrieve the corresponding rain DSD’s. In particular, a gamma distribution model is introduced, which uses Rayleigh scattering portion of the Doppler velocity spectrum to estimate …