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Water Resources Systems Analysis - Course Notes, A Bruce Bishop, Trevor Hughes, Mac Mckee

All ECSTATIC Materials

Water resources systems analysis course notes for CEE 6410 taught at Utah State University. Coverage includes:

Chapter 1 - Concepts and methods

Chapter 2 - Linear programming-introduction and graphical methods

Chapter 3 - Linear programming - simplex method

Chapter 4 - Linear programming - applications to simple water problems

Chapter 5 - Dual LP and post optimality analysis

Chapter 6 - Integer programming

Chapter 7 - More applications of integer programmign

Chapter 8 - Piecewise linearization

Chapter 9 - Other types of LP models

Chapter 10 - Dynamic programming

Chapter 11 - Gradient-based nonlinear optimization methods

Chapter 12 - Genetic …

Optimal Design Of Aquifer Clean Up Systems Under Uncertainty Using A Neural Network And A Genetic Algorithm, Alaa H. Aly, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a methodology to account for the stochastic nature of hydraulic conductivity during the design of pump-and-treat systems for aquifer cleanup. The methodology (1) uses a genetic algorithm to find the global optimal solution and (2) incorporates a neural network to model the response surface within the genetic algorithm. We apply the methodology for a real example and different optimization scenarios. The employed optimization formulation requires few hydraulic conductivity realizations. The presented approach produces a trade-off curve between reliability and treatment facility size .

Comparison Of A Genetic Algorithm And Mathematical Programming To The Design Of Groundwater Cleanup Systems, Alaa H. Aly, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

We present and apply a new simulation/optimization approach for single- and multiple-planning period problems in groundwater remediation. Instead of the traditional control locations for contaminant concentrations, we use an L_QC norm as a global measure of aquifer contamination (CMAX). We use response-surface constraints to represent CMAX within the optimization model. We compare the performance of formal mixed integer nonlinear programming and a genetic algorithm for several optimization scenarios.

Dam Safety Risk Assessment Modeling With Uncertainty Analysis, Sanjay Singh Chauhan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A risk-enhanced approach to dam safety risk assessment combines the benefits of the traditional approach with those of risk assessment. There is a need to automate the risk analysis calculations component of the risk assessment process so that the time and effort thus saved can be beneficially expended on strengthening risk assessment inputs.

The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to develop a dam safety risk analysis model and demonstrate its application to risk assessment and decision analysis, and (2) to develop a framework for uncertainty analysis and demonstrate its application to dam safety risk assessment. Dartmouth Dam, …

Locally Optimal, Buffer-Constrained Motion Estimation And Mode Selection For Video Sequences, C. B. Peel, Scott E. Budge, K. Liang, C.-M. Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We describe a method of using a Lagrange multiplier to make a locally optimal trade off between rate and distortion in the motion search for video sequences, while maintaining a constant bit rate channel. Simulation of this method shows that it gives up to 3.5 dB PSNR improvement in a high motion sequence. A locally rate-distortion (R-D) optimal mode selection mechanism is also described. This method also gives significant quality benefit over the nominal method. Though the benefit of these techniques is significant when used separately, when the optimal mode selection is combined with the R-D optimal motion search, it …

Preliminary In Vivo Studies Of A New Injectable Bone Substitute, F. Millot, G. Grimandi, P. Weiss, G. Daculsi

Cells and Materials

Calcium-phosphate materials have been increasingly employed in orthopedic and dental applications in recent years and are now being developed for use in noninvasive surgery or as carriers for drug delivery systems. We developed an injectable bone substitute (IBS) for percutaneous orthopedic surgery which uses a biphasic calcium-phosphate (BCP) mixture composed of hydroxyapatite (60%) and ß-tricalcium phosphate (40%), together with a polymer (hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose, HPMC) as a carrier. The best BCP/polymer ratio was determined to achieve the highest mineral phase in the composite and provide the rheological properties required for injectable material.

The in vivo biocompatibility and biofunctionality of IBS were …

Biomimetic Habitats For Cells: Ordered Matrix Deposition And Differentiation In Gingival Fibroblasts Cultured On Hydroxyapatite Coated With A Collagen Analogue, Rajendra S. Bhatnagar, Jing Jing Qian, Anna Wedrychowska, Eric Dixon, Nancy Smith

Cells and Materials

In tissues, cells attach and migrate on collagen. Interaction with collagen modulates cell proliferation and differentiation. We propose that similar environments may be constructed by immobilizing collagen-derived cell-binding peptides in a three-dimensional (3-D) template. We identified a cell binding domain of type I collagen and showed that a 15-residue synthetic analogue (P-15) binds cells with high affinity. In the present study, we compared the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in culture on hydroxyapatite (HA) and on HA-P-15. HGF cultured on HA formed sparse monolayers with little order and deposited a scant matrix. HGF on HA-P-15 formed highly oriented 3-D …

The Role Of Surface Roughness For Implant Incorporation In Bone, A. Wennerberg

Cells and Materials

A careful topographical characterization is important for reliable interpretation of the role of implant surface roughness in bone incorporation. In this paper, the currently available measuring instruments and evaluation techniques are described and discussed first, than literature on the role of surface roughness for cell and bone tissue reactions in vitro and, with special emphasis, the in vivo studies are reviewed. Finally, the results from a series of the authors own animal studies evaluating screw-shaped implants with different surface roughnesses are summarized. The results demonstrated firmer bone fixation for blasted implants than for turned ones. A blasted surface with an …

Behavior Of Melanoma Cells In Cell And Organ Cultures: Use Of Biomaterials To Activate Cells, J. L. Duval, N. Faucheux, R. Warocquier-Clérout, M. D. Nagel

Cells and Materials

It is well known that cell behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation and various synthesis are initiated from transmembrane signals. This study uses biomaterials as primary messengers of the cell activation pathways, and we have analyzed the effects of two biomaterials on highly metastatic tumor cells. B16F10 melanoma cells formed heterogeneous populations whose size varied with cell differentiation. In long-term organ cultures grown comparatively on AN 69 and Cuprophan (a biomembrane known to activate cells), we found that Cuprophan increased both adhesion and proliferation of small melanin-rich cells which represented differentiated melanocyte&. In dissociated cell cultures, the rate of early cell …

Mechanical Properties Of Dendritic Pd-Cu-Ga Dental Alloys, Efstratios Papazoglou, Qiang Wu, William A. Brantley, John C. Mitchell, Glyn Meyrick

Cells and Materials

Three Pd-Cu-Ga dental alloys with very similar nominal compositions and dendritic as-cast microstructures were selected for study: Option (Ney Dental) and Spartan (Williams/lvoclar) contain a small amount of boron, while Spartan Plus (Williams/Ivoclar) is boron-free. Bars of each alloy were tested in tension for the as-cast and simulated porcelain-firing conditions, and values of mechanical properties were measured. Fracture surfaces and microstructures of axially sectioned and etched fracture specimens were observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Except for the elastic modulus, significant differences were typically found in alloy properties. Heat treatment eliminated the dendritic microstructure, decreased strength and increased ductility. …

X-Ray Diffraction And Scanning Electron Microscopy Analyses Of A Gallium-Based Dental Restorative Alloy, Randa E. Shaker, William A. Brantley, Qiang Wu, John C. Mitchell

Cells and Materials

Specimens of a gallium-based dental alloy were prepared with different condensation techniques, with and without the removal of a surface layer, and after aging for 2 hours at 50°, 100° and 150°C. X-ray diffraction at times ranging from 10 minutes to 1 day showed the development of the four matrix phases (ß-Sn, CuGa₂, Ga₂₈Ag₇₂, and In₄Ag₉) during the setting reaction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of specimens loaded to failure revealed brittle fracture, with greater porosity for hand-condensed specimens, and provided insight into crack propagation processes. Aging increased …

Formation Of Cement Lines, But Not Laminae Limitantes, Requires Contact Of Differentiating Osteogenic Cells To Solid Surfaces, M. M. Hosseini, A. Shiga, J. E. Davies

Cells and Materials

We designed in vitro experiments to address the hypothesis that cement lines and laminae limitantes are structurally distinct as a result of cell contact, or absence of cell contact, during their elaboration. We subcultured young adult primary rat bone marrow cells in well inserts with polycarbonate membranes of 0.45 µm pore size, which allowed protein but not cell passage. The cells, extracellular matrix, lower side of the membrane and the surface of the polystyrene culture well were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cells elaborated a bone-like matrix on top of the membrane. In such cultures the …

Quantifying The Surface Geometry Of Titanium Implant Material By Different Methods Of Analysis, Clara Pimienta, Rashad Tawashi

Cells and Materials

Biomaterial implant manufacturers have used rough surfaces to ensure better biocompatibility, less rejection and better adaptation of implants in the body. Proper characterization of biological interactions and biocompatibility of biomaterials requires a thorough understanding of surface complexity. Surface roughness has often been shown to be important in influencing biological reactions with the surface. Previous communications from our laboratory have described a dynamic active vision system (MVS camera) capable of measuring three-dimensional coordinates of titanium implant material surfaces. Fractal analysis, due to its straightforward relationship to texture, is used to characterize the degree of irregularity of a surface and is expressed …

Effects Of Casting Conditions And Annealing On Microstructures And Vickers Hardness Of Dendritic Pd-Cu-Ga Dental Alloys, William A. Brantley, Qiang Wu, Zhuo Cai, Stanley G. Vermilyea, John C. Mitchell, Michael C. Comerford

Cells and Materials

Three Pd-Cu-Ga alloys with as-cast dendritic microstructures and very similar compositions, two containing less than 1 wt% boron and the third boron-free, were cast with normal bench-cooling or rapid-quenching into water. Quenched specimens were also heat treated at temperatures of 1000°, 1200°, 1500° and 1800°F that span the firing cycles for dental porcelain. Similar values of Vickers hardness were observed for all three alloys, suggesting little effect from boron on yield strength. The hardness was relatively insensitive to the experimental conditions, except for heat treatment at 1500° and 1800°F where significant softening occurred with transformation of the microstructure to Pd …

In Vitro Comparative Biocompatibility Testing Of Carbofilm Coated And Uncoated Polyetherimide For Cardiovascular Application, M. Bosetti, S. Mazzarelli, L. Nicolais, L. Ambrosio, M. Cannas

Cells and Materials

When blood contacts the surface of a material, several processes take place including the activation of coagulation and immune systems. The aim of this work is to study in vitro the biological reactions seen from the point of view of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of a new polymer suggested as an artificial surface for cardiovascular applications: Carbofilm® coated polyetherimide (C®PEI) in comparison to polyetherimide (PEI), the uncoated form. PEI and C®PEI showed no signs of acute cytotoxicity although following long term incubation with PEI cytotoxicity was somewhat increased; both materials supported good endothelial cell adhesion with a higher level of cell …

Image Analysis And The Effect Of Molecular Orientation On Degrading Lactide Polymer Films, K. J. L. Burg, M. Laberge, D. L. Powers, S. W. Shalaby

Cells and Materials

Absorbable polylactide films were studied in order to observe the effect of orientation on the resulting hydrolytic degradation pattern. Two types of polylactide films with two levels of molecular orientation were studied, during a nine month exposure to a phosphate buffered solution at 37°C. The films were sectioned and quantified as to void area, birefringence area, and intensity of birefringence using a microscope and an image analysis software package. The results, obtained using an analysis of variance, showed that the orientation played a significant role in the degradation pattern of the polylactide films, either decreasing or causing no change in …

Sinmap 2.0 - A Stability Index Approach To Terrain Stability Hazard Mapping, User's Manual, Robert T. Pack, David G. Tarboton, C. N. Goodwin

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

SINMAP 2.0 (Stability Index MAPping) is an ArcGIS 9.0 plug-in that implements the computation and mapping of a slope stability index based upon geographic information, primarily digital elevation data. This report describes the theoretical basis for the calculation of the stability index, describes the implementation, presents several case studies and describes use of the accompanying software. SINMAP has its theoretical basis in the infinite plane slope stability model with wetness (pore pressures) obtained from a topographically based steady state model of hydrology. Digital elevation model (DEM) methods are used to obtain the necessary input information (slope and specific catchment area). …

Conjunctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Sustainable Agricultural Production, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This report is a guide to aid conjunctive water use in stream-aquifer systems. Conjunctive use refers to coordinated use of groundwater and surface water resources. This document discusses principles useful for field engineers and agricultural experts. It presents hydrologic and hydraulic principles and quantitative and qualitative parameters relating to sustainable conjunctive use. It provides tools and software.

Potential For Aquifer Storage And Recovery In Box Elder And Cache Counties, Mariush Kemblowski, Tom Lachmar, Richard Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Groundwater artificial storage and recovery (ASR) has become a favorable means in the arid west to store water produced in excess of need during winter months for use in drier times of the year. ASR may be accomplished by injection of suitable water into the groundwater system via wells to be pumped out later, or by recovery of seepage via wells from surface water impoundments or infiltration networks. This report will present pertinent hydrogeologic information for the location of an artificial groundwater storage and recovery project in Utah's northeastern Box Elder County.

Potential For Aquifer Storage And Recovery In Box Elder And Cache Counties, Richard C. Peralta, Tom Lachmar, Mariush Kemblowski

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Groundwater artificial storage and recovery (ASR) has become a favorable means in the arid west to store water produced in excess of need during winter months for use in drier times of the year. ASR may be accomplished by injection of suitable water into the groundwater system via wells to be pumped out later, or by recovery of seepage via wells from surface water impoundments or infiltration networks. This report will present pertinent hydrogeologic information for the location of an artificial groundwater storage and recovery project in Utah's northeastern Box Elder County.