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Introduction To Membrane Biological Reactors, Faisal Hai, Kazuo Yamamoto, Chung-Hak Lee
Introduction To Membrane Biological Reactors, Faisal Hai, Kazuo Yamamoto, Chung-Hak Lee
Faisal I Hai
This chapter delineats the rationale of combining the membrane and bioreactor technologies and systematically introduces the membrane biological reactors that are the focus of this book. This is followed by a brief account of the history of the various applications of membranes in conjunction with bioreactors and how the initial formats led to the development of the present day commercialized ones. The relative advantages of membrane biological reactors over the conventional biological processes are presented. The current status of the MBR market is described and the drivers propelling its growth along with the constraints are highlighted. The trends in world-wide …
Gas-Diffusion, Extractive, Biocatalytic And Electrochemical Membrane Biological Reactors, Oskar Modin, Faisal Hai, Long Nghiem, Angelo Basile, Kensuke Fukushi
Gas-Diffusion, Extractive, Biocatalytic And Electrochemical Membrane Biological Reactors, Oskar Modin, Faisal Hai, Long Nghiem, Angelo Basile, Kensuke Fukushi
Faisal I Hai
Several emerging technologies for treatment or resource recovery from wastewater are based on the combination of membranes and biochemical conversions. In this chapter, we review gas-diffusion, extractive, biocatalytic, and electrochemical membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Gas diffusion MBRs facilitate efficient delivery of a gaseous oxidant or reductant such as oxygen, hydrogen, or methane to microbial biofilms treating wastewater. Extractive MBRs completely separate the wastewater stream from the microbes and make toxic wastewaters amenable to biological treatment. Biocatalytic MBRs utilize enzymes or immobilized microbial cells for degradation of persistent xenobiotics or for synthesis of fine chemicals. Electrochemical MBRs make it possible to utilize …
Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management And Applications To Wastewater Reuse, Faisal Hai, Kazou Yamamoto, Chung-Hak Lee
Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management And Applications To Wastewater Reuse, Faisal Hai, Kazou Yamamoto, Chung-Hak Lee
Faisal I Hai
Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse comprehensively covers the salient features and emerging issues associated with the MBR technology. The book provides thorough coverage starting from biological aspects and fundamentals of membranes, via modeling and design concepts, to practitioners’ perspective and good application examples. Membrane Biological Reactors focuses on all the relevant emerging issues raised by including the latest research from renowned experts in the field. It is a valuable reference to the academic and professional community and suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology.
Application Of Membrane Technology For The Development Of Sustainable Biotechnology Processes, Faisal Hai, Oskar Modin
Application Of Membrane Technology For The Development Of Sustainable Biotechnology Processes, Faisal Hai, Oskar Modin
Faisal I Hai
The scope of application of membranes in biotechnology has widened significantly in the recent years. Although many of the membrane options are yet to achieve wide industrial applications, they show tremendous potential for the transformation and synthesis of valueadded products, energy production, therapeutic applications and environmental remediation. This chapter provides an overview of membrane applications in selected established and emerging biotechnology processes. Approaches to overcoming the technology bottlenecks that impede the scale-up of such systems have been discussed in this chapter.
Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors For The Removal Of Recalcitrant And Emerging Pollutants From Wastewater, F Hai, L Nghiem, O Modin
Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors For The Removal Of Recalcitrant And Emerging Pollutants From Wastewater, F Hai, L Nghiem, O Modin
Faisal I Hai
The potential fields of application of biocatalytic membrane reactors have widened considerably in recent years. Although biocatalytic membrane reactors, in general, are yet to achieve broad industrial application, in the not too far future they are expected to play a major role, not only for the production, transformation and valorization of raw materials but also for environmental remediations. This chapter comprehensively reviews the laboratory scale studies which demonstrate the potential of biocatalytic membrane reactors in wastewater treatment applications. Studies reponed in the literature, however, serve as proof of concept only. Issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve …
Nf/Ro Filtration Of The Hydrophobic Ionogenic Com#163 Triclosan: Transport Mechanisms And The Influence Of Membrane Fouling, Long Nghiem, Poppy Coleman
Nf/Ro Filtration Of The Hydrophobic Ionogenic Com#163 Triclosan: Transport Mechanisms And The Influence Of Membrane Fouling, Long Nghiem, Poppy Coleman
Long D Nghiem
Filtration phenomena of the hydrophobic ionogenic compound triclosan by three commercially availablenanofiltration (NF)/reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were investigated in this study. The separationbehaviour of triclosan was systematically related to the compound physicochemical properties and themembranes as well as the solution pH. The influence of membrane fouling on the rejection of triclosanby the three selected NF/RO membranes were also examined using three model organic foulants and onemodel colloidal foulants. Having a unique hydrophobic ionogenic profile, even when triclosan was fullydeprotonated at pH 10, considerable adsorption of the compound to the membrane could still be observed.The adsorption of triclosan to the membrane …
Effects Of Membrane Degradation On The Removal Of Pharmaceutically Active Com#163s (Phacs) By Nf/Ro Filtration Processes, Alexander Simon, Long Nghiem, Pierre Le-Clech, Stuart J. Khan, Jorg E. Drewes
Effects Of Membrane Degradation On The Removal Of Pharmaceutically Active Com#163s (Phacs) By Nf/Ro Filtration Processes, Alexander Simon, Long Nghiem, Pierre Le-Clech, Stuart J. Khan, Jorg E. Drewes
Long D Nghiem
The impacts of membrane degradation due to chlorine attack on the rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were investigated in this study. Membrane degradation was simulated by soaking the membranes in a sodium hypochlorite solution of various concentrations over 18 h. Changes in membrane surface properties were characterised by contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy analysis, and streaming potential measurement. The impacts of hypochlorite exposure to the membrane separation processes were ascertained by comparing the rejection of PhACs by virgin and chlorine-exposed membranes. Overall, the reverse osmosis BW30 membrane and the tight nanofiltration NF90 …
Influence Of Feed Water Chemistry On The Removal Of Ionisable And Neutral Trace Organics By A Loose Nanofiltration Membrane, Long Nghiem
Long D Nghiem
This study examined the effects of feed water chemistry and membrane fouling on the rejection of trace organics by a loose nanofiltration membrane. One ionisable and one non-ionisable trace organics were selected for investigation. Results reported here indicate that the solution pH and ionic strength can markedly influence the removal of the ionisable trace organic compound sulfamethoxazole. These observations were explained by electrostatic interactions between the solutes and the membrane surface and by the speciation of the ionisable compound. On the other hand, no appreciable effects of solution pH and ionic strength on the rejection of the neutral compound carbamazepine …
Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Submerged Membrane Bioreactors, Long Nghiem, Nichanan Tadkaew, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Submerged Membrane Bioreactors, Long Nghiem, Nichanan Tadkaew, Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Long D Nghiem
Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the removal mechanisms of trace organic contaminants using a submerged MBR system. The system was equipped with a Zeenon ZW-1 membrane module. Bisphenol A (BPA) and sulfamethoxazole were selected as model trace organics for the EDCs and PhACs, respectively. Results obtained from this study demonstrate an excellent performance of MBRs regarding basic water quality parameters such as turbidity, TOC and TN. However, removal efficiency of specific trace organic contaminants was found strongly dependent on their physicochemical properties. Approximately 90% removal of BPA was recorded, while under the same condition, the removal efficiency of …
Effects Of Membrane Fouling On The Nanofiltration Of Pharmaceutically Active Com#163s (Phacs): Mechanisms And Role Of Membrane Pore Size, Long Nghiem, Simon Hawkes
Effects Of Membrane Fouling On The Nanofiltration Of Pharmaceutically Active Com#163s (Phacs): Mechanisms And Role Of Membrane Pore Size, Long Nghiem, Simon Hawkes
Long D Nghiem
The influence of membrane fouling on the retention of pharmaceutically active com#163s (PhACs) by three nanofiltration membranes wasinvestigated in this study. Membrane fouling was achieved with a foulant cocktail containing model organic foulant in a background electrolytesolution. The effects of membrane fouling on the separation processwas delineated by comparing the retention values of clean and fouled membranesand relate them to the membrane properties as well as physicochemical characteristics of the PhACs. Fouling was more severe for the larger poresize TFC-SR2 and NF 270 membranes as compared to the smaller pore size NF 90 membrane. More importantly, the influence of membranefouling …
Implications Of Membrane Fouling Toward The Removal Of The Pharmaceutical Sulfamethoxazole By Nanofiltration Processes, Alexander Simon, William Price, Long Nghiem
Implications Of Membrane Fouling Toward The Removal Of The Pharmaceutical Sulfamethoxazole By Nanofiltration Processes, Alexander Simon, William Price, Long Nghiem
Long D Nghiem
The influence of membrane fouling on the retention of the trace organic contaminant sulfamethoxazole by a nanofiltration (NF) process was investigated. Organic fouling caused a severe flux decline possibly due to pore blocking and adsorption directly after the commencement of the fouling layer development. Such membrane-foulant interactions were absent for colloidal fouling, which resulted in a more gradual flux decline. Membrane charge played a significant role in the separation process of inorganic salts, where the retention was the highest in a caustic environment (high pH) due to more swollen membrane material caused by the higher negative charge on the membrane. …
Critical Risk Points Of Nf/Ro Membrane Filtration Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer
Critical Risk Points Of Nf/Ro Membrane Filtration Processes In Water Recycling Applications, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer
Long D Nghiem
NF/RO membrane filtration processes have been recognized as an important technology to facilitate water recycling. Those processes are well-proven technologies, which can be used to remove a wide range of contaminants including trace contaminants that are of particular concern in water recycling. However, risk implications in association with brine or concentrate and membrane cleaning wastewater disposal have to date not been adequately understood. This study examines the adsorption and release process of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during NF/RO filtration processes. Results reported here indicate that the membrane can serve as a large reservoir for EDCs and their release may be …
A Scaling Mitigation Approach During Direct Contact Membrane Distillation, Long Nghiem, Tzahi Cath
A Scaling Mitigation Approach During Direct Contact Membrane Distillation, Long Nghiem, Tzahi Cath
Long D Nghiem
Membrane scaling during the treatment of aqueous solutions containing sparingly soluble salts by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was investigated. The results reveal that membrane scaling caused by CaSO4 was more severe than that by CaCO3 or silicate. However, under the experimental condition used in this study and at feed and distillate temperature of 20 °C and 40 °C, respectively, CaSO4 scaling occurred only after a sufficiently long induction time of up to 25 h (corresponding to a saturation index of up to 1.5). The induction period decreased and the size of the CaSO4 crystals increased as the feed temperature …
Enantiospecific Fate Of Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen And Naproxen In A Laboratory-Scale Membrane Bioreactor, Nor Hazlina Hashim, Long Nghiem, R.M. Stuetz, Stuart J. Khan
Enantiospecific Fate Of Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen And Naproxen In A Laboratory-Scale Membrane Bioreactor, Nor Hazlina Hashim, Long Nghiem, R.M. Stuetz, Stuart J. Khan
Long D Nghiem
The enantiospecific fate of three common pharmaceuticals was monitored in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The MBR was operated with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and a mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 8.6–10 g/L. Standard solutions of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen were dosed into the synthetic feed of the MBR. Influent and permeate samples were then collected for enantiospecific analysis. The individual (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of the three pharmaceuticals were derivatised using a chiral derivatizing agent to form pairs of diastereomers, which could then be separated and analysed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Accurate quantitation of …
Role Of Electrostatic Interactions In The Retention Of Pharmaceutically Active Contaminants By A Loose Nanofiltration Membrane, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer, Menachem Elimelech
Role Of Electrostatic Interactions In The Retention Of Pharmaceutically Active Contaminants By A Loose Nanofiltration Membrane, Long Nghiem, Andrea Schaefer, Menachem Elimelech
Long D Nghiem
The role of electrostatic interactions in the separation of pharmaceuticals by a loose nanofiltration (NF) membrane was examined. While retention of the non-ionizable pharmaceutical carbamazepine was relatively independent of the solution chemistry, retention of the ionizable pharmaceuticals sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen was strongly influenced by the solution pH and ionic strength. This finding is consistent with previous results investigating the effects of solution pH and ionic strength on the retention of proteins and organic acids. Pharmaceutical retention increases dramatically as the compound transforms from a neutral to a negatively charged species when the solution pH increases above its pKa …
Effects Of Membrane Fouling On The Nanofiltration Of Trace Organic Contaminants, Long Nghiem, Simon Hawkes
Effects Of Membrane Fouling On The Nanofiltration Of Trace Organic Contaminants, Long Nghiem, Simon Hawkes
Long D Nghiem
Organic fouling and its effects on trace organic retention by three nanofiltration (NF) membranes were investigated in this study. An accelerated fouling condition was achieved with foulant cocktail containing humic acids in background electrolyte solution. The effects of membrane fouling on the separation process was delineated by comparing theretention values of clean and fouled membranes and relate them to the membrane pore size as well as physicochemical characteristics of the trace organics. Fouling was more severe for the more open pore size TFC-SR2 and NF 270 membranes as compared to the tighter NF 90membrane. Results reported here indicate that retention …
Strategies To Enhance The Removal Of The Persistent Pharmaceutically Active Compound Carbamazepine By Membrane Bioreactors, Xueqing Li, Faisal Hai, Nichanan Tadkaew, Sara Gilbertson, Long Nghiem
Strategies To Enhance The Removal Of The Persistent Pharmaceutically Active Compound Carbamazepine By Membrane Bioreactors, Xueqing Li, Faisal Hai, Nichanan Tadkaew, Sara Gilbertson, Long Nghiem
Faisal I Hai
Carbamazepine, which is an anti-epileptic drug, is ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater. Owing to its recalcitrant chemical structure, carbamazepine is not significantly removed during conventional biological treatment or even by membrane bioreactor (MBR). With the ultimate aim of providing insights into the strategies to enhance carbamazepine removal, the effect of key operational parameters, namely, loading rate (2–750 μg/L• d), pH (5–9), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration (1–15 g/L) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (