Digital Commons Network^™

Characterization Of Low Power Hfo2 Based Switching Devices For In-Memory Computing, Aseel Zeinati

Theses

Oxide based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices are investigated as one of the promising non-volatile memories to be used for in-memory computing that will replace the classical von Neumann architecture and reduce the power consumption. These applications required multilevel cell (MLC) characteristics that can be achieved in RRAM devices. One of the methods to achieve this analog switching behavior is by performing an optimized electrical pulse. The RRAM device structure is basically an insulator between two metals as metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure. Where one of the primary challenges is to assign an RRAM stack with both low power consumption and …

Disturbance-Observer Based Control For Pwm Rectifiers Without Dc Voltage Oscillations Under Unbalanced Grid Conditions, Mohammed Samer Al-Razehi

Theses

A three-phase controlled rectifier is a power electronic converter that employs the grid voltages as an input to produce a constant dc voltage at its output through the use of a capacitor, known as dc-link capacitor. However, the switching devices of power converters can create harmonics in the grid current, which mandates the need for filters to ensure high-quality grid current. This explains why the power converter is normally connected to the grid using passive filters such as L filter or LCL filter. The L filter is normally preferred over LCL filter to reduce harmonic distortions in grid currents as …

Advancing Industrial Participation In Demand Response Within National Electricity Grids Through Systematic Asset Selection, Risk Assessment And Modelling Approaches, Alexander Brem

Theses

Increasing the flexible capacity on national electricity grids will be key to maintain reliable control as the levels of renewables continue to increase annually. The industrial sector has been identified as being capable of contributing and potentially offering flexible capacities, following appropriate investigation. The aim of this thesis is to develop the knowledge, advance the engagement and encourage additional participation in national demand response programmes from the industrial sector to provide this flexibility. The potential within this sector, facilitated by the smart grid and demand response concepts is outlined, specifically detailing their benefits, driving factors and potential barriers as part …

Quantitative Dynamic Cellular Imaging Based On 3d Unwrapped Optical Coherence Phase Microscopy, Arunkumar Gunasekar

Theses

Phase wrapping artifacts are frequently encountered in phase resolved imaging and sensing techniques based on interferometry. When the value of the actual phase (φ) ranges beyond (-π, π], the extracted phase value (wrapped phase Ψ) is artificially increased or decreased by a multiple of 2π.

In this study, we develop a 3D phase unwrapping method that exploits the correlation of 3D phase data (φ(x,y,t)) over the other dimension (t). We validate our 3D unwrapping method using simulated data, as well as experimental data obtained by optically computed phase microscopy (OCPM) recently developed in our lab. Our results show that the …

Design And Implementation Of Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Automaton, Iskandar Askarov

Theses

Global domestic electricity consumption has been rapidly increasing in the past three decades. In fact, from 1990 to 2020, consumption has more than doubled from 10,120 TWh to 23,177 TWh [1]. Moreover, consumers have been turning more towards clean, renewable energy sources such as Photovoltaic. According to International Energy Agency, global Solar power generation alone in 2019 has reached almost 3% [4] of the electricity supply. Even though the efficiency of photovoltaic panels has been growing, presently, the highest efficiency solar panels available to an average consumer range only from 20%-22% [14]. Many research papers have been published to increase …

Model-Based Cognitive Communications For Low-Power Wireless Networks, Indika Sanjeewa Abeywickrama Dhanapala

Theses

Our world is increasingly being instrumented with low-power wireless networks that deliver data for diverse application domains such as energy management, health and well-being, security, and other Internet of Things services. As these wireless networks operate in the unlicensed radio spectrum while co-existing with various other communication networks, their communication reliability and energy efficiency are affected by the radio environment. Because of this vulnerability to radio interference, low-power wireless networks may be unable to deliver their application requirements and be inefficiently consuming energy, functioning as a low-dependability network. The situation is exacerbated in indoor environments such as office and residential …

Robust Control Strategies For Optimal Operation Of Distributed Generation In Smart Microgrids, Chi-Thang Phan-Tan

Theses

The high penetration of PV systems and fast communications networks increase the potential for PV inverters to support the stability and performance of smart grids and microgrids. PV inverters in the distribution network can work cooperatively and follow centralized and decentralized control commands to optimize energy production while meeting grid code requirements. However, there are older autonomous inverters that have already been installed and will operate in the same network as smart controllable ones. This research proposes a decentralized optimal control (DOC) that performs multi-objective optimization for a group of PV inverters in a network of existing residential loads and …

Split-Horizon Dual-Stage Dispatch Scheme For A Standalone Microgrid, Aslam Amir

Theses

The advent of microgrids has prompted plenty of studies into its design, control, protection, and implementation, with several operational as well as pilot systems being commissioned worldwide. This necessitates the development of hardware and software for the Energy Management System, the supervisory controller in a microgrid. Hence, this thesis provides a novel dual-stage dispatch scheme for the Energy Management System of a Standalone microgrid by “splitting” the dispatch time horizon into four equal quarters to facilitate better usage of power forecast accuracies. The two stages include Unit Commitment/Scheduling and Economic Dispatch for the dispatchable Distributed Energy Resources based on renewable …

Adaptive Uplink Data Rate Prediction And Networkselection In A Vehicular Mobile Channel, Georgi Nikolov

Theses

The rapid acceleration into the digital age brings a worldwide interconnectedness of an unprecedented level. This interconnectedness transforms the modern transportation network by linking its infrastructure components (e.g., signaling systems, traffic control systems, maintenance systems) together. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can utilize this newly emerged network infrastructure, improving traffic safety, traffic control, and reducing transportation-related environmental impacts, changing the way drivers, businesses and governments deal with road transport. It is expected that in the near future self-aware vehicles (e.g., trains, cars or trucks) will constitute the majority of the transportation infrastructure. Vehicles need to be able to reliably communicate critical …

Deep Learning For Quantitative Motion Tracking Based On Optical Coherence Tomography, Peter Abdelmalak

Theses

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a cross-sectional imaging modality based on low coherence light interferometry. OCT has been widely used in diagnostic ophthalmology and has found applications in other biomedical fields such as cancer detection and surgical guidance.

In the Laboratory of Biophotonics Imaging and Sensing at New Jersey Institute of Technology, we developed a unique needle OCT imager based on a single fiber probe for breast cancer imaging. The needle OCT imager with sub-millimeter diameter can be inserted into tissue for minimally invasive in situ breast imaging. OCT imaging provides spatial resolution similar to histology and has the potential …

An Information Theoretic Approach To Assess Perceived Audio Quality Using Eeg With Reduced Number Of Electrodes, Sansit Das

Theses

Electroencephalograph(EEG) is a process mainly used in medical and research fields to study the electrical activities in a brain. In this technique, 128 or 256 electrodes are attached to the scalp and the electrical activities of the human brain is recorded with the help of a software. In the global scenario, the EEG responses are studied and analysed to acknowledge any disorders in the brain, such as epilepsy or head injury.

Recent studies performed by researchers, have focused on analysing these electrical activities to access perceived audio quality from users by using information theoretic approaches, such as mutual information. Experiments …

Smart Inverters For Distributed Pv Network Management, Colin Charles Levis

Theses

Securing a sustainable decarbonised economy involves moving towards a decentralised power system with increasing penetration levels of distributed photovoltaics (PVs) within the low voltage distribution network (LVDN). Increasing penetration levels of PV systems pose challenges for maintaining grid voltage and frequency stability. Thus requires studies and simulations to estimate the needs and technical requirements to overcome the challenges and maximise the opportunities. These simulations require time-domain system models with a high dynamic resolution such as electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations with small-time steps that capture the required performance with large numbers of network elements. However, the small-time step implies a high …

Study And Modelling Of Lithium Ion Cell With Accurate Soc Measurement Algorithm Using Kalman Filter For Electric Vehicles, Kasthuriramanan Mahendravadi Sivaguru

Theses

Lithium Ion cells are preferred over lead acid cells for electric vehicles due to their energy density, higher discharge current and size. The cost of lithium ion cells is scaling down compared to ten years earlier, but as their performance characteristics increase, the need for safety and accurate modelling also increases.

The absence of a generic cell model is associated to the different makes of cells and different chemistries of Lithium ion cells behave differently under the testing conditions required for every unique application. The focus of this thesis will be on how to provide intelligence to the battery management …

Magnetic Field Effects On Lithium Ion Batteries, Kevin Mahon

Theses

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 was just recently awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino for the development of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries have seen use in many different industries and applications such as in portable devices, power grids, and electric vehicles. As lithium-ion batteries become more commonplace they will need to be modeled more extensively. The magnetic field effect on lithium-ion batteries has not been studied significantly since they were first discovered.

Modeling these batteries is still difficult because of the many complexities of the operation of a battery. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly modeled …

Blind Source Separation Using Dictionary Learning Over Time-Varying Channels, Anushreya Ghosh

Theses

Distributed sensors observe radio frequency (RF) sources over flat-fading channels. The activity pattern is sparse and intermittent in the sense that while the number of latent sources may be larger than the number of sensors, only a few of them may be active at any particular time instant. It is further assumed that the source activity is modeled by a Hidden Markov Model. In previous work, the Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem solved for stationary channels using Dictionary Learning (DL). This thesis studies the effect of time-varying channels on the performance of DL algorithms. The performance metric is the probability …

Icing Thickness Prediction Model For Overhead Transmission Lines, Yue Ming

Theses

Failures in a large electric power system are often inevitable. Severe weather conditions are one of the main causes of transmission line failures. Using the fault data of transmission lines of Shaanxi Power Grid from 2006 to 2016, in conjunction with meteorological information, this paper analyses the relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of meteorological disasters and the fault of transmission lines in Shaanxi Province, China.

In order to analyze the influence of micro-meteorology on ice coating, a grey correlation analysis method is proposed. This thesis calculates the grey relational between ice thickness and micro-meteorological parameters such as ambient temperature, …

Amorphous Metal Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistors For Printed Electronics, Mustafa Mohammad Yousef

Theses

There is an acute market need for solution-processable semiconductor inks that can form the essential components of the printed analog and digital circuits. Currently, the industry is migrating beyond simply printing conductive metals for interconnects and embracing higher integration by printing transistors directly on the same substrate. This thesis focuses on investigating solution-processed amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) as a semiconducting channel layer of a field-effect transistor to enable low-cost, large-area printed electronics that are physically flexible and optically transparent. Specifically, we aim to achieve field-effect mobility exceeding 1 cm²/Vs, to overcome the limits faced in existing …

Iterative Learning Control For Improved Tracking Of Fluid Percussion Injury Device, Steve Susanibar

Theses

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) afflicts over 10 million people around the world. Injury to the brain can occur from a variety of physical insults and the degree of disability can greatly vary from person to person. It is likely that the wide range of TBI outcomes may be due to the magnitude, direction, and forces of biomechanical insult acting on the head during such TBI events. Lateral Fluid Percussion (FPI) brain injury is one of the most commonly used and well-characterized experimental models of TBI. A Fluid Percussion Injury (FPI) device in the laboratory is used to replicate the injury …

A Fuzzy Logic-Based Text Classification Method For Social Media, Keyuan Wu

Theses

Social media offer abundant information for studying people’s behaviors, emotions and opinions during the evolution of various rare events such as natural disasters. It is useful to analyze the correlation between social media and human-affected events. This study uses Hurricane Sandy 2012 related Twitter text data to conduct information extraction and text classification. Considering that the original data contains different topics, we need to find the data related to Hurricane Sandy. A fuzzy logic-based approach is introduced to solve the problem of text classification. Inputs used in the proposed fuzzy logic-based model are multiple useful features extracted from each Twitter’s …

Undersampling Ga-Svm For Network Intrusion Detection, Zhenyu He

Theses

Network intrusion detection is one of the hottest issues in the world. An increasing number of researchers and engineers deal with this problem by using machine learning methods. However, how to improve the identification accuracy of all the attack classes remains unsolved since the dataset is an imbalanced one with high imbalance ratio. This thesis work intends to build a classifier to achieve high classification accuracy. It proposes an undersampling Genetic Algorithm-Support Vector Machine (GA-SVM) method to handle this problem. It applies an undersampling method in GA-SVM. To solve the multiclassification problem with a binary classifier, this work proposes to …

Field Oriented Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Third-Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation To Reduce Quadrotors’ Speed Ripples, Yuxi Shi

Theses

The world’s commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry has witnessed unprecedented boom in recent years. Delighted with an ample supply of this excellent high-tech product, global consumers are paying more attention on UAVs. Civilian UAVs now vastly outnumber military ones, with the estimate of over a million sold by 2016. An UAV has various degrees of autonomy as enabled by the use and precise control of motors. Traditional Direct Current (DC) motors are replaced by permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) associated with the new power electronic inverters. Because of a PMSM’s higher power density than a DC motor, it reduces …

Semiconductor Materials And Devices For 2 Micron Generation, Dzianis Saladukha

Theses

In the last century, semiconductor research has led to significant changes in the fields of communication, medicine, the environment, and many others. Semiconductor devices provide a relatively simple and effective way to convert electrical energy to light and vice versa. Devices based on semiconductor materials of various kinds provide interaction of an electromagnetic signal in the range of wavelengths with a medium. Examples of such devices are LED lamps, photovoltaic cells, thermometers, gas sensors, cameras, and many others. The study of various semiconductors broadens the range of application of photonics. This work is based on the study of materials which …

Optimum Distance Between Ground Base Stations For High-Speed Train Communications Using Free-Space Optical Laser Links, Sina Fathi Kazerooni

Theses

High-Speed trains (HSTs) can travel at speeds up to 430 Km/h. The increasing adoption rate of HSTs, and large number of Internet-connected digital devices, pose a great demand for a fast and reliable Internet connection in high-speed trains. Different radio-frequency (RF) wireless communication systems have been studied for HSTs. However, RF wireless communications in high-speed mobility environments suffer from frequent handovers, penetration loss, and Doppler effect. These problems promote the use of other technologies such as free-space optical (FSO) communications to provide reliable Internet connection for HST’s passengers.

Two different approaches for performing signal handover using FSO technology for ground …

Simulation Of A Low Voltage Customer Microgrid Using Petri Nets, Joshua Mark

Theses

With renewable energy coming to the forefront of how power is generated and delivered to the modern consumer, Microgrids are emerging as an optimal and efficient method for implementing renewables and changing the infrastructure of the dated transmission and distribution grid. This thesis work presents mathematical models of Petri Nets for the simulation of a low voltage customer Microgrid. Using previous work created in this specific field, a Hybrid Petri Net is modified such that it consists of multiple distributed generators, storage, and the utility which is referred to as the main distribution grid in this thesis. A Discrete Petri …

An Fpga Implementation Of A Sleep Enabled Pon System, Zheyu Liu

Theses

Owing to the growing demand for bandwidth-hungry video-on-demand applications, Passive Optical Network (PON) has been widely considered as one of the most promising solutions for broadband access. Environmental concerns motivated network designers to lower energy consumption of optical access networks. A well-known approach to reduce energy consumption is to allow network elements to switch to the sleep mode.

In this framework, an improved Optical network Unit (ONU) architecture in TDM-PON is proposed to reduce the handover time of status switching. Energy-saving performances of current and improved architectures are compared in different scenarios. The simulation results show that by applying a …

A Plastic Encapsulated Wireless Sensor Module For Monitoring Of Medical Steam Sterilisers, Jinto George

Theses

Steam sterilisation is a process of removing or killing living organisms from medical equipment using saturated steam in a steriliser at 134°C and 3 bar pressure. Monitoring of the steriliser is very important to verify whether the sterilisation cycle is adequate or not. In current practice, hospitals widely use chemical or biological indicators for monitoring the performance of the sterilisation cycle but these are simple pass/fail monitors and do not allow continuous monitoring. This thesis presents design and development of a real time wireless sensing module (WSM) for monitoring the sterilisation cycle which can be used to replace existing chemical …

Modeling The Controlled Delivery Power Grid, Vinit Madhukar Sahasrabudhe

Theses

Competitive energy markets, stricter regulation, and the integration of distributed renewable energy sources are forcing companies to reengineer energy production and distribution. The Controlled Delivery Power Grid is proposed as a novel approach to transport energy from generators to consumers. In this approach, energy distribution is performed in an asynchronous and distributed fashion. Much like the Internet, energy is delivered as addressable packets, which allow a controlled delivery of energy.

As a proof-of-concept of the controllable delivery grid, two experimental test beds, one with integrated energy storage and another with no energy storage, were designed and built to evaluate the …

Review Of Steganalysis Of Digital Images, Xinlei Pan

Theses

Steganography is the science and art of embedding hidden messages into cover multimedia such as text, image, audio and video. Steganalysis is the counterpart of steganography, which wants to identify if there is data hidden inside a digital medium. In this study, some specific steganographic schemes such as HUGO and LSB are studied and the steganalytic schemes developed to steganalyze the hidden message are studied. Furthermore, some new approaches such as deep learning and game theory, which have seldom been utilized in steganalysis before, are studied. In the rest of thesis study some steganalytic schemes using textural features including the …

Hollow Cathode Sputtering System - Installation, Operation And Theoretical Background, Sebastian Falk

Theses

The objective of this work was to assemble, install and operate a hollow cathode sputtering system (HCSS). Therefore a complex vacuum system was built to create the right sputtering environment. The purpose of the HCSS is to develop advanced thin conducting oxides (TCOs) as well as high resistivity transparent (HRT) layers which are used for thin film photovoltaic technology, particularly cadmium telluride based and copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells.

A theoretical background of the thin film technology and a comparison of different deposition methods in regards to the sputtering process is provided. Thereby, an in-depth investigation of zinc …

Petri Net Models Of Microgrids With Distributed Generators, Xiaoyu Lu

Theses

This thesis introduces some basic concepts and control methods about a microgrid. Then, two hot issues are investigated. One is how to control multiple distributed generators; and another is how to model both discrete event and continuous behaviors of a microgrid. To address these two issues, this thesis work applies Petri nets to both modeling and control of a microgrid. Ordinary Petri nets, hybrid Petri nets, and finite capacity Petri nets, are introduced with their examples targeted at modeling the behavior of a microgrid. Coordination control of multiple distributed generators based on a Petri net model is proposed. Compared with …