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Washington University in St. Louis

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Theses/Dissertations

2023

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Using Retrieval Practice, Variability, And Spacing To Facilitate Understanding Of Complex Information, Rachel Peirce Dec 2023

Using Retrieval Practice, Variability, And Spacing To Facilitate Understanding Of Complex Information, Rachel Peirce

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Combining the learning strategies of retrieval practice and variability has been shown to be effective in student learning (Butler et al., 2017; Pan & Rickard, 2018), but the temporal structuring of these learning strategies (i.e., massing versus spacing of practice) may benefit or hinder learning. Study 1 investigated whether the benefits of variable retrieval practice relative to repeated retrieval practice that occurs with massed practice extends to spaced practice. Participants watched geology videos that contained a total of 12 concepts, and then either answered three questions or read three study points about each concept. Each of the three questions and …


Reflecting On Resilience: A Large-Scale Qualitative Study Of Adolescents' Experiences Of Resilience During Covid-19, Maegan Ruiz Aug 2023

Reflecting On Resilience: A Large-Scale Qualitative Study Of Adolescents' Experiences Of Resilience During Covid-19, Maegan Ruiz

Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resilience is a dynamic process of positive adaptation when faced with significant adversity. The extensive and protracted disruptions to adolescents' academic and social engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic created unique challenges, which have included concerns about academic/work habits, social connections, physical health, and mental health (Scott et al., 2020). In what ways did adolescents operationalize resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic? And, what can that tell us about how we should conceptualize resilience generally? At the end of the first full school year of the pandemic in April 2021, we asked a diverse group of 2,171 high schoolers an open-ended question: …