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The Effects Of The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion On Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening Rates On Low-Income Childless Women, Michelle Raissa Kobou Wafo
The Effects Of The Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion On Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening Rates On Low-Income Childless Women, Michelle Raissa Kobou Wafo
Economics
In 2010, the Obama administration passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) commonly known as Obamacare. However, it is in 2014 that several key parts of the ACA went into effect. Among those key parts is the Medicaid expansion program. States that chose to adopt the policy, expanded Medicaid access to everyone under 138 percent of the federal poverty line. This extension had the largest impact on childless adults who previously were not covered by the program. Moreover, ACA made it mandatory for all health plans (private and public) to include the ten essential health benefits in their …
Systematic Risk-Factors Among U.S. Stock Market Sectors, Maksim V. Papenkov
Systematic Risk-Factors Among U.S. Stock Market Sectors, Maksim V. Papenkov
Economics
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and its extensions are a family of empirical asset pricing models which partition risk as either "systematic" (market-wide) or "idiosyncratic" (stock-specific). Examples of systematic risk-factors include the market return, company size, and company value. Within the framework of the CAPM-family of models, it is assumed that the effects of these systematic risk-factors are homogenous among sectors. This paper develops an extension to the CAPM relaxing this assumption, by directly comparing these systematic risk-factors at the sector-level. Utilizing CRSP and Compustat data, systematic risk-factor premiums are estimated for each sector, which demonstrates heterogeneity, with respect …
Effects The 2014 Medicaid Expansion On Seat Belt Use: An Investigation Into Moral Hazard, Paul Pangburn
Effects The 2014 Medicaid Expansion On Seat Belt Use: An Investigation Into Moral Hazard, Paul Pangburn
Economics
Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed into law by President Obama in 2010, health insurance coverage was expanded to 20 million previously uninsured people. Of these, 14.5 million were Medicaid eligible. Moral Hazard, a common research topic in insurance, is defined as when the private actions of an individual in a risk-sharing situation influence the probability of the outcome. There are two types of moral hazard, called ex-post moral hazard and ex-ante moral hazard. In the case of health insurance, ex-post moral hazard is when a health behavior changes after an individual becomes insured. Ex-ante moral hazard, …
Health Shocks, Labor Market Activities, And End-Of-Life Medical Expenses, Yuan Fang
Health Shocks, Labor Market Activities, And End-Of-Life Medical Expenses, Yuan Fang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Health capital depletes with each additional health shock. The presence of health insurance may reduce out-of-pocket costs, and hence increase the demand for care following a shock. Also, death is the ultimate health outcome for an individual that follows periods of health morbidities and health shocks. Towards the end individual lives, the demand for and cost of health care increases tremendously, but these costs vary significantly across socio-demographic groups.
Essays On Malpractice Reform, Physician Human Capital, And Physicians' Location Choices, Siyang Li
Essays On Malpractice Reform, Physician Human Capital, And Physicians' Location Choices, Siyang Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In response to the sharp increases in the malpractice insurance premiums in the 1970’s, almost all states in the US have passed tort reforms since then. Previous studies found that tort reforms can reduce malpractice pressure faced by physicians in terms of the size of malpractice rewards and the frequency of malpractice lawsuits. However, there is mixed evidence that state malpractice reforms affect the aggregate supply of physicians in a state. Constrained by the availability of state-level counts of physicians utilized in difference-in-difference framework, most studies were not able to further test for the existence of heterogeneous effects across physicians.
Empirical Essays On Science And New Technology Adoption, Huifeng Yu
Empirical Essays On Science And New Technology Adoption, Huifeng Yu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first chapter studies how the quantity and quality of research output varies over the career using 5.6 million biomedical science articles published over three decades. We show that controlling for selective attrition reconciles conflicts in a longstanding, interdisciplinary literature. While research quality declines monotonically over the career, this decline is easily overlooked because the highest “ability” authors have the longest publishing careers. Our results have implications for broader questions of human capital accumulation over the career and also for federal research policies that shift funding from late- to early-career researchers – while providing more funding to researchers when they …
Education, Skills, And Wage Outcomes Among Mid-Career Adults : A Cross-National Study, Kai Zhou
Education, Skills, And Wage Outcomes Among Mid-Career Adults : A Cross-National Study, Kai Zhou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Interest in the role of non-cognitive skills on successful life outcomes (such as academic performance) has increased in recent years. Policy makers in many countries have prioritized the learning of non-cognitive skills in the school curriculum and training frameworks. Although studies in labor economics have provided important insights about the impact of non-cognitive skills on earnings (e.g., Lindqvist and Vestman 2011; Heckman, Stixrud, and Urzua 2006), solid evidence about how labor markets produce or facilitate the acquisition of non-cognitive skills in different country settings is lacking. The linkage between education, skills and wages has been at the core discussion of …
Public Program Evaluation In Health Economics : An Empirical Study, Linna Xu
Public Program Evaluation In Health Economics : An Empirical Study, Linna Xu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation consists of three essays on public program evaluation in health economics. This dissertation explores the estimation of treatment effects of public programs on risky behaviors, health insurance status, labor market outcomes or other health-related outcomes among adolescents or young adults and addresses causality inferences based on empirical modeling, analysis and applications. The first chapter in this dissertation identifies the causal treatment effects of keg registration laws on underage alcohol consumption and related outcomes: alcohol-related traffic fatalities, by exploiting the substantial variations in the timing of the introduction of these laws across different states at different times. Using the …
Essays On Merger And Innovation, Gusang Kang
Essays On Merger And Innovation, Gusang Kang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation focuses mainly on drivers of merger partner choice and effects on post-merger outcomes. In the first chapter, we examine the role of technology and product market similarities in value creation in mergers. Estimating a structural model of two-sided matching between acquirers and targets with transferable utility, we find that mergers between firms with similar technologies and product markets create values. In other words, firms prefer to choose other firms with similar technologies and product markets as their merger partner. We also find that mergers between firms with similar technologies create value through the channel of increasing innovation quantity …
Essays On Female Labor Supply And Fertility, Minhee Kim
Essays On Female Labor Supply And Fertility, Minhee Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis focuses mainly on labor supply and fertility of married women. In the first chapter, I assess how the wage penalties of the labor market absences of married women have changed between the 1970s and the 1990s. The empirical results show that the wage penalties experienced by married women have risen over the two periods. I account for why the penalty has risen over the two decades. A possible reason for greater penalties is a larger difference in occupation between those who had career interruptions and those who worked continuously.
Economics Of R&D Specialization In The Semiconductor Industry, Kyun Kim
Economics Of R&D Specialization In The Semiconductor Industry, Kyun Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Starting in the 1970s, specialized suppliers have entered the semiconductor industry to supply capital equipment, or tools, used in semiconductor manufacturing to downstream semiconductor companies. After the entry of these external suppliers, semiconductor chip producers began to rely in varying degrees on them for the R&D to improve the quality of capital equipment, while they themselves began to focus on design and production of chips. In my dissertation, I conduct an empirical and theoretical investigation to support my hypothesis that the difference in R&D incentives between the upstream suppliers and downstream chip manufacturers was the important reason for the emergence …
Essays On Money, Banking, And Finance, Duong Ngo
Essays On Money, Banking, And Finance, Duong Ngo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This doctoral dissertation contains three essays on the topics of money, banking, and finance.
Essays On Public Policy Analysis Using Macroeconomic Models, Akihiro Nomura
Essays On Public Policy Analysis Using Macroeconomic Models, Akihiro Nomura
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis is composed of three separate essays.
Asymmetric Loss, Informatics And Forecast Uncertainty, Wuwei Wang
Asymmetric Loss, Informatics And Forecast Uncertainty, Wuwei Wang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In this thesis I estimate the asymmetry of forecasters’ loss functions and uncertainty of forecasts. Continuous distributions are fitted into histogram density forecasts. Of the two candidates of distributions used for the fitting process, generalized beta / triangular distribution is preferred to the normal distribution for its better fit and flexibility in accommodating excess skewness. Time varying loss function asymmetry is obtained by combining the fitted density distribution and the point forecasts of the same forecaster. Utilizing generalized beta distribution and triangular distribution, I find that forecasters tend to provide more favorable forecasts in their point forecasts than in their …
Inequality In Access To Dental And Vision Care : Examining The Role Of Income And Insurance, Wahida Ferdousi
Inequality In Access To Dental And Vision Care : Examining The Role Of Income And Insurance, Wahida Ferdousi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation explores inequality in access to dental and vision care. It includes three chapters.
Essays On The Role Of Uncertainty In The Economy, Amalia Sarah Jerison
Essays On The Role Of Uncertainty In The Economy, Amalia Sarah Jerison
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In this dissertation, I study how uncertainty interacts with firm dynamics to affect aggregate economic variables. The first chapter proposes a measure of uncertainty based on forecaster surveys and compares it with another measure developed by Jurado, Ludvigson and Ng (2015). This chapter first investigates whether fluctuations in survey composition make the survey uncertainty measure too dependent on the identity of participating forecasters. An extension of the Breusch and Pagan (1979) test due to Breitung, Roling and Salish (2016) rejects constancy of parameters in regressions of GDP growth on survey uncertainty as the subsets of the forecasters differ. However, the …
Essays On Health Disparities And Income-Related Health Inequality In Sub-Saharan Africa, Marshall Makate
Essays On Health Disparities And Income-Related Health Inequality In Sub-Saharan Africa, Marshall Makate
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation comprises of five empirical essays. Essay one assesses the impact of prenatal care quality and its components on child mortality using nationwide data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS), 1999-11. Results indicate that increasing prenatal care quality by one unit improves neonatal, infant and under-five survival by about 42.33, 30.86, and 28.65%, respectively and all statically significant at the 1% level.
Impact Of Employment Barriers On Individuals With Criminal Records : An Econometric Evaluation Of Criminal Background Checks In New York, Garima Siwach
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Individuals with criminal records face significant barriers to employment, -- a concern which has become stronger in an era of widespread criminal background checks. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has recently drawn attention to the need to balance employers' concerns about the potential risk of hiring such individuals, with increasing employment opportunities for individuals with criminal records, particularly if they are low risk. Despite a large number of individuals with criminal records in the United States working age population, there has been no research to demonstrate the implications of such background checks used for employment determination. This dissertation consists …
Three Essays On Electricity Pricing, Congestion, And Market Efficiency, Yu Zou
Three Essays On Electricity Pricing, Congestion, And Market Efficiency, Yu Zou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the first chapter, I analyze the price variations among zones in the electricity forward market of New York State, and how electricity forward prices react to the economic risks in the market. It applies a VAR model with monthly/holiday dummies and weather data to forecast the three components of electricity prices--energy price, marginal cost of congestion and losses. The GARCH estimates of the conditional variance of the VAR residuals are treated as risks. We find that participants will bid higher price in the forward market when they expect higher risks. Particularly, the risk of congestion has a larger effect …
Effectiveness Of Beer Keg Registration Law On Decreasing Underage Binge Drinking, Zana Beck
Effectiveness Of Beer Keg Registration Law On Decreasing Underage Binge Drinking, Zana Beck
Economics
Since the prohibition act of 1919, alcohol has always had high economic costs and benefits. While it increases revenues for the Federal Government through taxation and company profits, there are, unfortunately, several costs that impact society. These costs, also known as negative externalities, include a variety of actions like alcohol related traffic accidents, increased crime, and excessive binge drinking. A negative externality is described as “a cost that is suffered by a third party as a result of an economic transaction,” in which the third party is indirectly affected (MaClean, 2013). In the case of alcohol, society is the third …
Smoking And Health : A Panel Data Analysis Using Hrs, Xian Li
Smoking And Health : A Panel Data Analysis Using Hrs, Xian Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
It has been showed that smoking behavior is closely associated with health, and smoking is considered as one of the greatest causes of preventable mortality and a major contributor to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease. However, compared with studies on youth’s smoking behavior, research and evidence specifically for elderly is relatively rare.
Essays On Investigating And Modeling Household Wealth Distribution Determinants, Yunan Lu
Essays On Investigating And Modeling Household Wealth Distribution Determinants, Yunan Lu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
I investigate and model wealth distribution determinants both empirically and theoretically. In "An Investigation of the Process for U.S. Household Wealth", I use panel-structured Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data to investigate the stochastic process for U.S. household wealth, based on a model that includes a common age-dependent component, a permanent heterogeneous component, and a dynamic component. Using the estimated wealth process, I decompose the dispersion in household wealth at each age generated between the different stochastic mechanisms. The estimated household wealth process can then be used to validate theoretical models of wealth inequality. The experiment conducted in this …
Three Essays In International Economics, Richa Saraf
Three Essays In International Economics, Richa Saraf
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This doctoral dissertation consists of three empirical essays studying cross-country linkages.
Optical Metrology For Cigs Solar Cell Manufacturing And Its Cost Implications, Sravan Kumar Sunkoju
Optical Metrology For Cigs Solar Cell Manufacturing And Its Cost Implications, Sravan Kumar Sunkoju
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Solar energy is a promising source of renewable energy which can meet the demand for clean energy in near future with advances in research in the field of photovoltaics and cost reduction by commercialization. Availability of a non-contact, in-line, real time robust process control strategies can greatly aid in reducing the gap between cell and module efficiencies, thereby leading to cost-effective large-scale manufacturing of high efficiency CIGS solar cells. In order to achieve proper process monitoring and control for the deposition of the functional layers of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) based thin film solar cell, optical techniques such as spectroscopic reflectometry and …
Odds Of Cesarean Section, Childbirth Outcomes And Public Policy : An Empirical Study Using The Matched New York State Data, Cong Yu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research has shown that childbirth environment and outcomes have a long lasting impact on later-life outcomes such as physical and mental health, educational attainment and labor market outcomes. Childbirth and the surrounding issues have been a major concern of the public health care system.
Essays On Patenting, R & D And Technological Innovation, Na Cheng
Essays On Patenting, R & D And Technological Innovation, Na Cheng
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The innovative activities by firms are considered to be the main driving force of the economic growth. The patent data has been widely used to investigate the relationship between R&D and patents which are taken as an output indicator of the new invention or innovation. On the other hand, empirical evidence supports that teamwork of inventors fosters innovation and technological progress. Motivated by the importance of understanding the patenting behavior of firms and collaboration of inventors, we exploit the continuing applications of patents, examine the R&D and patents relationship, and investigate the effects of teamwork on innovation output.
Three Essays On The Global Financial Crisis And Fiscal Policy, Kyonghoon Kim
Three Essays On The Global Financial Crisis And Fiscal Policy, Kyonghoon Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the first chapter, I show that external openness factors and valuation effects are significant to explain the diverse impact of the Global Financial Crisis across countries. Unlike previous crises in the late 20th century, most developing country groups performed better than advanced countries during the GFC. I find that countries with higher trade and financial openness are more seriously damaged from the external shock during the GFC. Moreover, significant differences in the composition of countries’ external portfolio contribute to the variety of the crisis impact. Emerging countries which have short position in equity and long position in bond are …
Essays On Income Inequality, Minority Health And Healthcare Spending, Rui Cheng
Essays On Income Inequality, Minority Health And Healthcare Spending, Rui Cheng
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This set of essays addresses issues related to income inequality, public healthcare supply and population health. Income inequality has been found to affect health in a number of studies. Using data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey of adults in the United States, the first chapter of my dissertation studies the effect of state level and county level income inequality on health status and the pathway via public health spending. By using multiple imputation method applied to BRFSS income data, it derives synthetic Gini coefficient at state level and county level for each year from 2000 …
Fiscal Policy, Laffer Curves And Economic Growth, Si Gao
Fiscal Policy, Laffer Curves And Economic Growth, Si Gao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The doctoral dissertation consists of three essays on the topics of economic growth and fiscal policy.
Three Essays In Program Evaluation, Jungtaek Lee
Three Essays In Program Evaluation, Jungtaek Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
I evaluate a wider range of public policies with program evaluation methods, difference-in-difference regression method and regression discontinuity design. The first chapter considers the causal relationship between the expansion on dependent coverage of the Affordable Care Act and risky behaviors including smoking and drinking. I also examine the effect of coverage on preventive care and health care utilization. To overcome the endogeneity problem, I exploit a regression discontinuity design to estimate the causal effect of losing health insurance. I find that young adults those who turned 26 are 8 to 10 percent more likely to lose health insurance than young …