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Events, Bogdan P. Onac, Corina Ionescu
Thermo-Mineral Waters From The Cerna Valley Basin (Romania), Ioan Povara, Georgel Simion, Constantin Marin
Thermo-Mineral Waters From The Cerna Valley Basin (Romania), Ioan Povara, Georgel Simion, Constantin Marin
Studia UBB Geologia
In the south-west of the Southern Carpathians, upstream from the confluence of Cerna with Belareca, an aquifer complex has developed, strongly influenced by hydrogeothermal phenomena, acting within two major geological structures, the Cerna Syncline and the Cerna Graben. The complex consists mainly in Jurassic and Cretaceous carbonate rocks, as well as in the upper part of the Cerna Granite, highly fractured, tectonically sunken into the graben. As a result of the tectonic processes which occurred after the end of the Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentation cycle, limestones may be encountered at 1100 m altitude in the Mehedinţi Mountains, at 150 ¬¬600 m in …
Examples Of Weathering And Deterioration Of Tertiary Building Stones At St. Michaels Cathedral In Cluj-Napoca (Romania), Roman Koch, Paul Calin Racataianu, Ioan I. Bucur
Examples Of Weathering And Deterioration Of Tertiary Building Stones At St. Michaels Cathedral In Cluj-Napoca (Romania), Roman Koch, Paul Calin Racataianu, Ioan I. Bucur
Studia UBB Geologia
St. Michaels Cathedral is one of the oldest Gothic architectural monuments in Cluj. It is built predominantly of Cenozoic (Eocene) limestones which were deposited on a shallow carbonate platform. They are composed of different facies and microfacies types with varying amounts of particles, matrix and cement. Limestones from the Baci quarry (Cluj Limestone), which is situated about 3 km from the centre of Cluj, were commonly used. The weathering features correspond to the microfacies types, to the position of the stones in the walls and to the exposure (east, south, west, and north), which controls the moisture/dry cycles. This interrelationship …
Microfacies Analysis Of Upper Eocene Shallow-Water Carbonates From The Rodnei Mountains (N Romania), Diana Sahy, Emanoil Sasaran, Tudor Tamas
Microfacies Analysis Of Upper Eocene Shallow-Water Carbonates From The Rodnei Mountains (N Romania), Diana Sahy, Emanoil Sasaran, Tudor Tamas
Studia UBB Geologia
A Priabonian carbonate ramp developed in the NW Rodnei Mountains as a part of a Paleogene sedimentary cover which overlies the metamorphic basement of the Eastern Carpathians. Two sections were sampled at different locations along the carbonate ramp. The deposits accumulated in a shallow environment, in which relative sea level change is seen as the main controlling factor of facies distribution. A shoreface → middle ramp → inner ramp transition was recorded in both sections. Associations of large benthic foraminifers and high siliciclastic input are the dominant features in the northern part of the ramp, while in the south corals …
Lower Cretaceous Calcareous Nannofossils From The Southern Apuseni Mountains, Romania, Ana-Maria Vulc
Lower Cretaceous Calcareous Nannofossils From The Southern Apuseni Mountains, Romania, Ana-Maria Vulc
Studia UBB Geologia
We investigated Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from Southern Apuseni Mts. The studied section from Bucium Cerbu quarry is characterized by flysch deposits (rhythmical interbedded marls and sandstones), which were assigned to the Căbeşti Formation. The studied nannofossil assemblages yielded a high diversity. The Early Aptian age of the studied deposits was assigned based on both the Tethyan and Boreal calcareous nannofossil zonations. Several reworked Valanginian nannofossils were also observed in the Early Aptian in situ nannofloras. The nannofloras are dominated by tethyan and cosmopolitan species. Besides Boreal species are also present. The presence of boreal taxa (e.g. Kokia borealis, K. …
Geochemical Sediments & Landscape; Cave Geology; Karst Hydrogeology And Geomorphology, Bogdan P. Onac
Geochemical Sediments & Landscape; Cave Geology; Karst Hydrogeology And Geomorphology, Bogdan P. Onac
Studia UBB Geologia
No abstract provided.
Events, Sorin Filipescu, Dana Pop
Ft-Raman And Ft-Infrared Investigations Of Archaeological Artefacts From Foeni Neolithic Site (Banat, Romania), Simona Cîntă Pînzaru, Dana Pop, Loredana Nemeth
Ft-Raman And Ft-Infrared Investigations Of Archaeological Artefacts From Foeni Neolithic Site (Banat, Romania), Simona Cîntă Pînzaru, Dana Pop, Loredana Nemeth
Studia UBB Geologia
An impressive collection of chert artefacts from the Foeni Neolithic archaeological site (Timiş County, Banat region, Romania) is hosted by the Banat Museum in Timişoara. A representative set of seven specimens was non-destructively investigated using FT-Raman and ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy. The research was carried out for checking if these readily-available, non-destructive, fast, and cheap methods, which do not require preliminary sample preparation could provide significant information for characterizing the mineral composition of chert artefacts. Based on vibrational data, it was confirmed that the raw material was represented by microcrystalline quartz and moganite, with local concentrations of accessory minerals (calcite, dolomite, and …
New Bryozoa From The Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) Deposits Of The Cerna-Strei Depression, Romania, Kamil Zágoršek, Lóránd Silye, Botond Szabó
New Bryozoa From The Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) Deposits Of The Cerna-Strei Depression, Romania, Kamil Zágoršek, Lóránd Silye, Botond Szabó
Studia UBB Geologia
A new species of the Sarmatian bryozoan, Crisia romanica sp. nov., is described from Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) sediments of the Cerna-Strei Depression, near Răcăştia, Romania. The new species differs from all other known species of Crisia by having a frontal elongated gonozooecium with a prominent oeciopore situated on a short oeciostome. Crisia romanica sp. nov. is accompanied by Annectocyma corrugata (REUSS, 1869) occurring in a section nearby. The bryozoans found indicate normal marine conditions in the Cerna-Strei Depression during the Sarmatian.
Biostratigraphy Of The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary In The Eastern Carpathians (Dâmboviţa Valley): Preliminary Observations, Claudia Cetean, Ramona Balc, Michael A. Kaminski, Sorin Filipescu
Biostratigraphy Of The Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary In The Eastern Carpathians (Dâmboviţa Valley): Preliminary Observations, Claudia Cetean, Ramona Balc, Michael A. Kaminski, Sorin Filipescu
Studia UBB Geologia
Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal assemblages from an Upper Albian to Lower Turonian interval in the East Carpathians were investigated in a well and in an outcrop from the Stoeneşti – Cetăţeni area (Dâmboviţa Valley), Romania. The benthic foraminiferal extinction that occurred at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary and the first stage of the faunal recovery are documented here for the first time in the Romanian Carpathians. Bioevents and changes in the foraminiferal record from this area show that low oxygen conditions occured already in the Late Cenomanian, as suggested by the presence of radiolarian-rich shales. Impoverished assemblages of small, thin walled agglutinated …
Plant Macrofossils Analysis From Steregoiu Nw Romania: Taphonomy, Representation, And Comparison With Pollen Analysis, Angelica N. Feurdean, Ole Bennike
Plant Macrofossils Analysis From Steregoiu Nw Romania: Taphonomy, Representation, And Comparison With Pollen Analysis, Angelica N. Feurdean, Ole Bennike
Studia UBB Geologia
This paper presents the results of macrofossil analysis from the Steregoiu sequence in the Gutaiului Mountains covering the last 8,000 cal BP. The studied peat deposit is characterized by abundant macrofossils. Their diversity is, however, low with most macrofossils coming from plants that grew on the mire and in the forest surrounding the basin (Carex spp., Cyperus sp., Urtica dioica, Potentilla erecta, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus idaeus, Lycopus europaeus). The concentration of Picea abies macrofossils correlates partially well with its pollen percentages, and only when it has been present on the bog surface. The absence of macrofossils from deciduous trees, which …
Scărişoara. The Realm Of Scărişoara, Robert Brinkmann
Scărişoara. The Realm Of Scărişoara, Robert Brinkmann
Studia UBB Geologia
No abstract provided.
Mammut Borsoni (Hays 1834) From The Early Pliocene Of Husnicioara (Mehedinţi District, Romania), Vlad Codrea, Florina Diaconu
Mammut Borsoni (Hays 1834) From The Early Pliocene Of Husnicioara (Mehedinţi District, Romania), Vlad Codrea, Florina Diaconu
Studia UBB Geologia
A mastodon tooth has been found at Husnicioara coal open pit, in Mehedinţi district (southwestern Romania). It originates from the Lower Pliocene (Dacian) gravel and sand deposits lying just above the coal bed IV, mined in this quarry. The tooth exposing zygodont features undoubtedly belongs to Mammut borsoni (“Borson’s mastodont”). Although this species is very common in the Pliocene vertebrate faunas from this part of Europe, until now it was missing from the Lower Pliocene (Dacian) assemblage’s lists in our country.
On The Cretaceous Occurrences Of Ammogloborotalia Zheng, 2001 (Foraminifera), Michael A. Kaminski, Claudia Cetean, Andrew Henderson, Sorin Filipescu
On The Cretaceous Occurrences Of Ammogloborotalia Zheng, 2001 (Foraminifera), Michael A. Kaminski, Claudia Cetean, Andrew Henderson, Sorin Filipescu
Studia UBB Geologia
Three species of agglutinated foraminifera from Cretaceous deep-water deposits that have been described as trochamminids are here transferred to the genus Ammogloborotalia ZHENG, 2001. These species are Trochammina abrupta GEROCH, 1959; Trochammina quinqueloba GEROCH, 1959, and Ammoanita globorotaliaeformis Gradstein and Kaminski, 1999. A fourth species, Ammogloborotalia sp.1, which is probably a new species from the Turonian of the southern East Carpathians of Romania is reported here for the first time. We hereby extend the known stratigraphic range of the genus Ammogloborotalia to the Late Jurassic (Tithonian).
What Is Cczn-Armalcolite? A Crystal-Chemical Discussion And An Ad-Hoc Incursion In The Crichtonite-Minerals Group, Gavril Sabau, Augusta Alberico
What Is Cczn-Armalcolite? A Crystal-Chemical Discussion And An Ad-Hoc Incursion In The Crichtonite-Minerals Group, Gavril Sabau, Augusta Alberico
Studia UBB Geologia
The status of CCZN-armalcolite, commonly still believed to be a variety of armalcolite s.s., is questionable in view of partial evidence suggesting that it would represent a distinct phase, as initially claimed by its discoverers. Because of the rarity of the mineral, combined with its habitual small grain-size, no successful structural investigation could be undertaken so far. Therefore we attempted a chemical overview of existing and original data pertaining to CCZN-armalcolite. With the view of systematizing structure-composition relationships, we analyzed the topology of large cations – bearing close-packed oxides, while extending the nomenclature in use in order to accommodate further …
Uppermost Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Deposits From Fara San Martino (Maiella, Italy): Biostratigraphic Remarks, Roberta Bruni, Ioan I. Bucur, Alain Preat
Uppermost Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Deposits From Fara San Martino (Maiella, Italy): Biostratigraphic Remarks, Roberta Bruni, Ioan I. Bucur, Alain Preat
Studia UBB Geologia
The Uppermost Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous limestone succession in the Maiella region of Italy has been investigated in a profile covering more than 400 m stratigraphical thickness at Fara San Martino. The succession mainly consists of peritidal limestones, intertidal and supratidal sequences being dominant, together with subtidal lagoonal facies. As a consequence, the microfossil assemblages are generally poorly developed, Microfossils occur within the subtidal lagoonal facies of this suite of restricted sediments. This feature led us to recognise five informal biostratigraphic intervals, which are facies related – instead of biozones, each of the intervals being characterized by specific micropaleontological associations. The occurrence …
Biostratigraphy Of The Cretaceous Deposits In The Western Transylvanides From Ampoi Valley (Southern Apuseni Mountains, Romania), Ramona Balc, Erika Suciu-Krausz, Florin Borbei
Biostratigraphy Of The Cretaceous Deposits In The Western Transylvanides From Ampoi Valley (Southern Apuseni Mountains, Romania), Ramona Balc, Erika Suciu-Krausz, Florin Borbei
Studia UBB Geologia
The present study is an approach of the issues related to the biostratigraphy of the Western Transylvanides. The research provided exact age data for the Feneş Formation, Valea lui Paul Formation, Bozeş Formation and Râmeţi Formation. The age of the formations was established based on the calcareous nannoplankton assemblages in Barremian-Campanian range. The lithological features together with the new age data allowed us to modify the boundaries between formations; accordingly the knowledge on the structure of South Apuseni Mountains required changes, too. The new data also imply the modification of the existent geological maps of the region. Based on the …
Early Medieval Ceramics From The Viile Tecii Archaeological Site (Romania): An Optical And Xrd Study, Corina Ionescu, Lucretia Ghergari, Marius Horga, Gabriela Rădulescu
Early Medieval Ceramics From The Viile Tecii Archaeological Site (Romania): An Optical And Xrd Study, Corina Ionescu, Lucretia Ghergari, Marius Horga, Gabriela Rădulescu
Studia UBB Geologia
Mineralogical and petrographic studies of Early Medieval potshards exhumed in the Viile Tecii archaeological site (North Transylvania, Romania) show a ceramic body composed of a microcrystalline to amorphous matrix, various clasts and voids. The microscopical features and XRD patterns indicate that illitic-kaolinitic clays were used as raw materials, together with quartzitic sands as tempering material. The ceramic vessels were obtained with the potter’s wheel, but the fabric is only slightly oriented, due either to the fast modeling or to the coarseness of the clayish paste. The thermal alteration of mineral phases points to relatively high firing-temperatures, between 800 and 900°C.
The Sarmatian Vertebrates From Draxeni (Moldavian Platform), Vlad Codrea, Laurentiu Ursachi
The Sarmatian Vertebrates From Draxeni (Moldavian Platform), Vlad Codrea, Laurentiu Ursachi
Studia UBB Geologia
Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) vertebrates had been unearthed at Draxeni (Vaslui district). The site is located in the northern area of the Moldavian Platform. There, the sand belonging to Şcheia Formation (Bessarabian) is mined in a restricted open pit. This sand is related to a littoral environment (shoreface and foreshore). Some of its levels are rich in mollusc debris. Vertebrate remains, carried into the Bessarabian brackish basin are present too, but in smaller amounts. Mastodon, rhinoceros, hipparionine, tortoise remains had been collected there over several years. All teeth and bones are isolated and bear the marks of intensive rolling by waves …
Petrology And Geochemistry Of The Muntele Mare Granitoid (Northern Apuseni Mountains), Romania, Lucretia Ghergari, Cristina Maris
Petrology And Geochemistry Of The Muntele Mare Granitoid (Northern Apuseni Mountains), Romania, Lucretia Ghergari, Cristina Maris
Studia UBB Geologia
The paper brings new data on the petrography and geochemistry of the Muntele Mare Granitoid (MMG), from its northernmost outcropping area (Mănăstireni-Bedeci area, Gilău Massif, Apuseni Mountains), where MM\G is are actively quarried for quartz and feldspar that are used in the ceramics industry. The MMG mined in the Bedeci quarry has a pegmatitic hypidiomorphous – inequigranular fabric, and a low melanocratic index (ca. 7%). It consists of quartz, plagioclase (two generations: acidic andesine-basic oligoclase (34-35% An), and albite (9-11% An)), orthoclase ± perthite in various substitution stages by microcline (intermediary), as well as microcline maximum, muscovite and biotite. Accessories …
High-Temperature And “Exotic” Minerals From The Cioclovina Cave, Romania: A Review, Bogdan P. Onac, Herta S. Effenberger, Radu C. Breban
High-Temperature And “Exotic” Minerals From The Cioclovina Cave, Romania: A Review, Bogdan P. Onac, Herta S. Effenberger, Radu C. Breban
Studia UBB Geologia
This paper reports on the identification of four rare minerals in the phosphate deposit in Cioclovina Cave, Romania. Berlinite, AlPO4 and hydroxylellestadite, Ca5[(Si,P,S)O4]3(OH,F,Cl) are minerals that can form only at high temperatures, and would not be expected in a sedimentary environment. In this study we review the characteristics of berlinite and hydroxylellestadite from a heated sedimentary sequence in Cioclovina Cave (Romania) and refine their structure from single-crystal X-ray data. Two other minerals, churchite-(Y), YPO4⋅2H2O and foggite, CaAl(PO4)(OH)2⋅H2O are, for the first time, described from a cave environment. The minerals were documented by means of single-crystal X-ray investigations, X-ray powder diffraction, …
An Investigation Of Meromixis In Cave Pools, Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, David B. Levy
An Investigation Of Meromixis In Cave Pools, Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, David B. Levy
International Journal of Speleology
Chemical characteristics of permanent stratification in cave pools (meromixis) may provide insight into the geochemical origin and evolution of cave pool waters. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that some pools in Lechuguilla Cave may be subject to ectogenic meromixis, where permanent chemical stratification is induced by input of relatively saline or fresh water from an external source. However, because organic C concentrations in Lechuguilla waters are low (typically < 1 mg L-1), biogenic meromixis resulting in O2(g)-depleted subsurface waters is not expected. Four pools at various depths below ground surface (0 m) were studied: (1) …
The Origin Of The Bemaraha Tsingy (Madagascar), Márton Veress, Dénes Lóczy, Zoltán Zentai, Gábor Tóth, Roland Schläffer
The Origin Of The Bemaraha Tsingy (Madagascar), Márton Veress, Dénes Lóczy, Zoltán Zentai, Gábor Tóth, Roland Schläffer
International Journal of Speleology
On Madagascar the most representative occurrences of tsingy are at Ankarana and Bemaraha. The tsingy are built up of giant grikes developed along cracks as well as karren features of much smaller size which cover the surfaces between grikes. We investigated the Bemaraha tsingy of Madagascar (surveyed profiles, measured grike directions, etc.) in order to reconstruct their development. The observations indicate that the majority of grikes of the tsingy are created from caves formed under the karst water table and subsequently opened up to the surface. The predominant processes may have been downward progressing dissolution or the collapse of cave …
Hydrodynamic Aspect Of Caves, Mitja Prelovšek, Janez Turk, Franci Gabrovšek
Hydrodynamic Aspect Of Caves, Mitja Prelovšek, Janez Turk, Franci Gabrovšek
International Journal of Speleology
From a hydrological point of view, active caves are a series of connected conduits which drain water through an aquifer. Water tends to choose the easiest way through the system but different geological and morphological barriers act as flow restrictions. The number and characteristics of restrictions depends on the particular speleogenetic environment, which is a function of geological, geomorphological, climatological and hydrological settings. Such a variety and heterogeneity of underground systems has presented a challenge for human understanding for many centuries. Access to many underground passages, theoretical knowledge and recent methods (modeling, water pressure-resistant dataloggers, precise sensors etc.) give us …
Groundwater Contamination In Caves: Four Case Studies In Spain, Monserrat Jiménez-Sánchez, Heather Stoll, Iñaki Vadillo, Manolo López-Chicano, María Domínguez-Cuesta, Wenceslao Martín-Rosales, Mónica Meléndez-Asensio
Groundwater Contamination In Caves: Four Case Studies In Spain, Monserrat Jiménez-Sánchez, Heather Stoll, Iñaki Vadillo, Manolo López-Chicano, María Domínguez-Cuesta, Wenceslao Martín-Rosales, Mónica Meléndez-Asensio
International Journal of Speleology
Groundwater quality was monitored in four Spanish caves using concentrations of nitrate, potassium, phosphorus and in some cases total organic carbon. Three of the caves are located in NW Spain and contain prehistoric cave paintings and hence have special conservation interest. Of these, two are open show caves (Tito Bustillo and Pindal Caves), while the other one (Herrerías Cave) is not managed for tours and is partially closed off to public access. The fourth cave (Las Maravillas Cave) is located in SW Spain and is opened to the public because of its geological features and natural beauty. In this paper, …
Some Applications Of Geochemical And Isotopic Techniques To Hydrogeology Of The Caves After Research In Two Sites (Nerja Cave-S Spain And Fourbanne System-French Jura), Jacques Mudry, Bartolomé Andreo, Arnaud Charmoille, Cristina Liñán, Francisco Carrasco
Some Applications Of Geochemical And Isotopic Techniques To Hydrogeology Of The Caves After Research In Two Sites (Nerja Cave-S Spain And Fourbanne System-French Jura), Jacques Mudry, Bartolomé Andreo, Arnaud Charmoille, Cristina Liñán, Francisco Carrasco
International Journal of Speleology
Caves constitute privileged sampling spots to investigate the hydrochemical behaviour of infiltration, but the representative nature of samples can limit their reach. Taking this into account many results can be obtained from chemistry of water sampled in the caves. Carbonate tracers enable to reconstruct the ‘history’ of drip water water, including rainfall and temperatures. Moreover, permanent drip waters prove durability of water stored in the unsaturated zone over the cave, and lags between rain inputs and drip output enable to evaluate transit time through the unsaturated zone. The comparison of input/output concentrations can also contribute to estimate the local water …
The Role Of The Epikarst In Karst And Cave Hydrogeology: A Review, Paul W. Williams
The Role Of The Epikarst In Karst And Cave Hydrogeology: A Review, Paul W. Williams
International Journal of Speleology
The epikarst (also known as the subcutaneous zone) comprises highly weathered carbonate bedrock immediately beneath the surface or beneath the soil (when present) or exposed at the surface. Porosity and permeability are higher near the surface than at depth, consequently after recharge percolating rainwater is detained near the base of the epikarst, the detention ponding producing an epikarstic aquifer. Such an aquifer is found only where the uppermost part of the vadose zone is very weathered compared to the bedrock at depth. Sometimes this contrast in porosity and permeability does not occur either because the epikarst has been scraped off …