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Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Tort Liability For Physical Harm To Police Arising From Protest: Common-Law Principles For A Politicized World, Ellen M. Bublick, Jane R. Bambauer
Tort Liability For Physical Harm To Police Arising From Protest: Common-Law Principles For A Politicized World, Ellen M. Bublick, Jane R. Bambauer
UF Law Faculty Publications
When police officers bring tort suits for physical harms suffered during protest, courts must navigate two critically important sets of values—on the one hand, protesters’ rights to free speech and assembly, and on the other, the value of officers’ lives, health, and rights of redress. This year courts, including the United States Supreme Court, must decide who, if anyone, can be held accountable for severe physical harms suffered by police called upon to respond to protest. Two highly visible cases well illustrate the trend. In one, United States Capitol Police officers were injured on January 6, 2021, during organized attempts …
Counterman V. Colorado: True Threats, Speech Harms, And Missed Opportunities, R. George Wright
Counterman V. Colorado: True Threats, Speech Harms, And Missed Opportunities, R. George Wright
Indiana Law Journal
Some Supreme Court cases amount, at their best, to missed opportunities. The Supreme Court’s recent case Counterman v. Colorado resolved, quite dubiously, one particular issue of mens rea. In the course of doing so, however, the Court ignored a variety of clearly presented issues of even greater significance.
The Counterman case involved a state court criminal conviction for issuing a true threat of violence, or more simply, a true threat. True threats, as defined and limited by the Court, comprise a narrow, traditionally constitutionally unprotected category of speech. Nevertheless, the majority in Counterman unnecessarily and unadvisedly extended a substantial measure …
Constitutional Crimes, Michael L. Smith
Constitutional Crimes, Michael L. Smith
Faculty Articles
Studies of criminal laws tend to focus on statutory, regulatory, and common law offenses. Discussions of constitutional law often revolve around abstract, concise statements, particularly those in, or which mirror, the Federal Constitution. In the interest of exploring new territory in both fields, this Article introduces and analyzes a family of crimes that has gone unanalyzed until now: criminal laws that appear in the text of the federal and state constitutions. As it turns out, there are a host of criminal laws contained in the federal and state constitutions, ranging from widespread crimes against treason, bribery, criminal contempt, and corrupt …
Sex, Money, And Free Speech: The Many Harms Of Fosta/Sesta, Desmond Mantle
Sex, Money, And Free Speech: The Many Harms Of Fosta/Sesta, Desmond Mantle
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis tracks the development of the Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act/Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act, or FOSTA/SESTA, which became federal law in 2018. The law's passage followed as a natural consequence of popular concerns about human trafficking. Congress passed the legislation by large margins in both houses given bipartisan opposition to sex trafficking. This thesis identifies plausible reasons for the only two Senate votes against the bill: those of Senators Rand Paul and Ron Wyden. Though these senators came from opposite sides of the aisle, they shared concerns about the future of free speech online and the potential failure …
Think Again: The Thought Crime Doctrine And The Limits Of Criminal Law, Jordan Wallace-Wolf
Think Again: The Thought Crime Doctrine And The Limits Of Criminal Law, Jordan Wallace-Wolf
Faculty Scholarship
According to the thought crime doctrine, neither beliefs nor intentions may be subject to criminal punishment. The doctrine is widely endorsed, but puzzling in its scope. Beliefs have a free speech credential: they play a straightforward role in the sincere exchange of ideas. Moreover, they are harmless, in the specific sense that they do not aim at action and so not at lawbreaking. But intentions are otherwise. They do not necessarily further the exchange of ideas and they may aim at wrongful, illegal conduct.
So why should the thought crime doctrine categorically protect them in addition to beliefs? Why not …
The Fourth Amendment’S Forgotten Free-Speech Dimensions, Aya Gruber
The Fourth Amendment’S Forgotten Free-Speech Dimensions, Aya Gruber
Publications
No abstract provided.
Comrades Or Foes: Did The Russians Break The Law Or New Ground For The First Amendment?, Artem M. Joukov, Samantha M. Caspar
Comrades Or Foes: Did The Russians Break The Law Or New Ground For The First Amendment?, Artem M. Joukov, Samantha M. Caspar
Pace Law Review
This Article discusses the recent decision by the United States Federal Government to indict more than a dozen Russian nationals for conspiracy to defraud the United States of America. The Government accused the Russians of staging protests, distributing false propaganda, and spreading political messages and ideologies online in an effort to affect the outcome of the 2016 Presidential Election. We argue that while the Defendants violated several other laws, the majority of the acts the Government classifies as a conspiracy to defraud the United States should not be considered criminal. Rather, these acts are protected political speech under the First …
Trafficking Technology: A Look At Different Approaches To Ending Technology-Facilitated Human Trafficking, David Barney
Trafficking Technology: A Look At Different Approaches To Ending Technology-Facilitated Human Trafficking, David Barney
Pepperdine Law Review
In 2018, many believe that slavery is an antiquated concept. But as with anything else, if it has not become extinct, it has evolved with time. Human trafficking is no different. Each year, millions of men, women and children are trafficked in the United States, and internationally, and forced to work against their will. Through the rise of technology and an increasingly globalized world, traffickers have learned to use technology as a tool to help facilitate the trafficking of persons and to sell those victims to others they never could have reached before. But what are we doing about it? …
Can Cyber Harassment Laws Encourage Online Speech?, Jonathon Penney
Can Cyber Harassment Laws Encourage Online Speech?, Jonathon Penney
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
Do laws criminalizing online harassment and cyberbullying "chill" online speech? Critics often argue that they do. However, this article discusses findings from a new empirical legal study that suggests, counter-intuitively, that while such legal interventions likely have some dampening effect, they may also facilitate and encourage more speech, expression, and sharing by those who are most often the targets of online harassment: women. Relevant findings on this point from this first-of-its-kind study are set out and discussed along with their implications.
Testimony On Unmanned Aircraft Systems Rules And Regulations, Stephen E. Henderson
Testimony On Unmanned Aircraft Systems Rules And Regulations, Stephen E. Henderson
Stephen E Henderson
Human Rights Law And Racial Hate Speech Regulation In Australia: Reform And Replace?, Dr. Alan Berman
Human Rights Law And Racial Hate Speech Regulation In Australia: Reform And Replace?, Dr. Alan Berman
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
The Unpunishable Immorality, Ramzi Nasser
Criminal Court, New York County People V. Yablov, Daniel Henthorne
Criminal Court, New York County People V. Yablov, Daniel Henthorne
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Conspiracy As Contract, Laurent Sacharoff
Conspiracy As Contract, Laurent Sacharoff
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
This article considers the central concept of criminal conspiracy — the agreement. It shows how both courts and scholars have almost entirely failed to define it. Even more surprisingly, neither discusses how “agreement” in criminal conspiracy compares with the agreement in contract law. Instead, courts have diluted the agreement requirement by substituting “mutual understanding” or “slight connection,” leading to uncertainty, unfairness, and a profusion of conspiracy convictions for mere presence or association.
This article argues courts should define agreement, and do so as an exchange of promises between the conspirators to commit a crime. An exchange of promises meets the …
Overcriminalizing Speech, Michal Buchhandler-Raphael
Overcriminalizing Speech, Michal Buchhandler-Raphael
Scholarly Articles
Recent years have seen a significant expansion in the criminal justice system’s use of various preemptive measures, aimed to prevent harm before it occurs. This development consists of adopting a myriad of prophylactic statutes, including endangerment crimes, which target behaviors that merely pose a risk of future harm but are not in themselves harmful at the time they are committed.
This Article demonstrates that a significant portion of these endangerment crimes criminalize various forms of speech and expression. Examples include conspiracies, attempts, verbal harassment, instructional speech on how to commit crimes, and possession crimes. The Article argues that in contrast …
Cyberharassment And Workplace Law, Helen Norton
Defining The Line Between Constitutionally Protected Speech And True Threats: Can I Be Arrested For Being Annoying?, Allison E. Dolzani
Defining The Line Between Constitutionally Protected Speech And True Threats: Can I Be Arrested For Being Annoying?, Allison E. Dolzani
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
City Court, City Of Rochester, People V. Griswold, James Dougherty
City Court, City Of Rochester, People V. Griswold, James Dougherty
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
When Speech Isn't Free: Legal Barriers And Consequences Of Reporting Sexual Violence, Kevin M. Fleming
When Speech Isn't Free: Legal Barriers And Consequences Of Reporting Sexual Violence, Kevin M. Fleming
Departmental Honors Projects
Incidents of sexual violence continue to be a serious problem for society. Likewise, acts of sexual violence impose severe consequences for survivors. The consequences initially begin at the onset of the survivor’s journey to psychological recovery following the traumatic sexual assault. The consequences take on a unique set of characteristics when the survivor attempts to use the justice system to confront the perpetrator who committed the offense. These characteristics can transform an adversarial process into an isolated battle for the survivor. In the worst cases, the justice system empowers individuals who wish to silence survivors with free speech restrictions instead …
Wild-West Cowboys Versus Cheese-Eating Surrender Monkeys: Some Problems In Comparative Approaches To Extreme Speech, Eric Heinze
Wild-West Cowboys Versus Cheese-Eating Surrender Monkeys: Some Problems In Comparative Approaches To Extreme Speech, Eric Heinze
Prof. Eric Heinze, Queen Mary University of London
All European states ban some form of hate speech. US law precludes such bans. In view of the political and symbolic importance of free speech, it becomes tempting to assume that trans-Atlantic differences towards hate speech reflect deeper cultural divisions.
However, we must pay attention to comparative methodology before drawing ambitious conclusions about cross-cultural social and political differences that derive solely from differences in formal, black-letter norms. In this volume, Robert Post claims that formal, constitutional requirements of content-neutral regulation reflect a freer public sphere in the US, in contrast to the European public sphere.
Yet a legal-realist approach casts …
Cumulative Jurisprudence And Hate Speech: Sexual Orientation And Analogies To Disability, Age And Obesity, Eric Heinze
Cumulative Jurisprudence And Hate Speech: Sexual Orientation And Analogies To Disability, Age And Obesity, Eric Heinze
Prof. Eric Heinze, Queen Mary University of London
Non-discrimination norms in human rights instruments generally enumerate specified categories for protection, such as race, ethnicity, sex or religion, etc. They often omit express reference to sexual minorities.
Through open-ended interpretation, however, sexual minorities subsequently become incorporated. That ‘cumulative jurisprudence’ yields protections for sexual minorities through norms governing privacy, employment, age of consent, or freedoms of speech and association.
Hate speech bans, too, are often formulated with reference to traditionally recognised categories, particularly race and religion. It might be expected that the same cumulative jurisprudence should therefore be applied to include sexual minorities. In this article, that approach is challenged. …
Speechless: The Silencing Of Criminal Defendants, Alexandra Natapoff
Speechless: The Silencing Of Criminal Defendants, Alexandra Natapoff
Alexandra Natapoff
Muzzling Death Row Inmates: Applying The First Amendment To Regulations That Restrict A Condemned Prisoner's Last Words, Kevin F. O'Neill
Muzzling Death Row Inmates: Applying The First Amendment To Regulations That Restrict A Condemned Prisoner's Last Words, Kevin F. O'Neill
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
This Article asserts that the privilege to deliver a last dying speech— uttered in the presence of, and made audible to, the assembled witnesses in the moments just before one's execution—is a First Amendment right, and that prison policies departing from its traditional exercise are unconstitutional. After canvassing the state prison policies that govern last words, this Article will recount the long historical tradition surrounding their utterance—a history that reveals the extraordinary degree to which Anglo-American governments have honored the privilege.Next, this Article will draw a parallel between the right to utter one's last words and the well-established right of …
What Is Computer Crime, And Why Should We Care, Michael C. Gemignami
What Is Computer Crime, And Why Should We Care, Michael C. Gemignami
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review
No abstract provided.
Criminal Coercion And Freedom Of Speech, Kent Greenawalt
Criminal Coercion And Freedom Of Speech, Kent Greenawalt
Faculty Scholarship
This essay about constitutional limits on criminal coercion concerns a piece of a larger puzzle; how freedom of expression impinges on crimes that involve communication. The essay has two interrelated purposes. One is to reach some rather specific conclusions about the kinds of coercive threats that enjoy constitutional protection and to suggest how legislative formulations of criminal coercion can minimize coverage of such threats. The second purpose, more general and theoretical, is to show how the boundaries of freedom of expression can be understood and how courts can employ those boundaries to arrive at specific tests of constitutional protection. The …
Habeas Corpus And Freedom Of Speech, Michael L. Wells
Habeas Corpus And Freedom Of Speech, Michael L. Wells
Scholarly Works
Discussion concerning the proper scope of federal habeas corpus for state prisoners usually focuses upon the use of the writ as a federal remedy for procedural errors of constitutional magnitude in state criminal trials. Proponents of “liberal” habeas argue that only federal courts can adequately protect the federal procedural rights of state criminal defendants, while critics contend that the states' interest in administering their criminal laws free from federal interference overshadows the asserted benefits. Setting the proper scope of the writ requires a weighing of these competing values.
The focus on procedure is appropriate, because the vast majority of habeas …
"Congress Shall Make No Law…":Ii, O. John Rogge
"Congress Shall Make No Law…":Ii, O. John Rogge
Michigan Law Review
The framers of the federal bill of rights by the First and Tenth Amendments sought to deny Congress power over utterances unless they were connected with criminal conduct other than advocacy. Any power over such utterances was to reside in the states. However, the Supreme Court departed from the framers' intent.
One of the factors in this development was the emergence of an undefined federal police power. This occurred largely under the commerce and postal clauses. It began over a century ago. As early as 1838 Congress passed a law requiring the installation of safety devices upon steam vessels. Beginning …
"Congress Shall Make No Law..."*, O. John Rogge
"Congress Shall Make No Law..."*, O. John Rogge
Michigan Law Review
It is the position of the writer that, at least so far as Congress is concerned, speech is as free as thought, and that unless and until speech becomes a part of a course of conduct which Congress can restrain or regulate no federal legislative power over it exists. State power, despite the Fourteenth Amendment, may be somewhat more extensive. Certainly the framers of the First Amendment intended that it should be. This article will deal with federal power over speech.