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Nonprofits, Speech, And Unconstitutional Conditions, Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer

Journal Articles

This Article proposes a new constitutional framework for approaching the issue of speech-related conditions on government funding received by nonprofits and demonstrates the application of this framework by applying it to the disputes that have reached the Supreme Court in this area. It argues that speech rights are generally inalienable as against the government under the First Amendment, and therefore any abridgement of such rights by the government – whether direct or indirect – is subject to strict scrutiny. As a result, the government is not permitted to buy an organization’s speech (or silence) absent a compelling governmental interest in …

The Constitutional Right Of Association, Charles E. Rice

Journal Articles

It has been accurately observed that we are a nation of joiners. Alexis de Tocqueville, as early as 1835, concluded that "in no country in the world has the principle of association been more successfully used, or more unsparingly applied to a multitude of different objects, than in America." Tocqueville noted the ubiquitous character of American voluntary associations.

In 1958, the Supreme Court of the United States affirmed, for the first time in unmistakable terms, the status of freedom of association as a fundamental right.

The occasion for this affirmation was an attempt by the State of Alabama to oust …