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Complete Issue 14(4)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 14, issue 4, Summer 1977) of Speaker & Gavel.
Complete Issue 10(2)
Speaker & Gavel
Complete digitized issue (volume 10, issue 2, January 1973) of Speaker & Gavel.
The Influence Of Setting On Supreme Court Religious Expression Decisions, Joseph J. Hemmer Jr.
The Influence Of Setting On Supreme Court Religious Expression Decisions, Joseph J. Hemmer Jr.
Communication and Theater Association of Minnesota Journal
The First Amendment prohibits any establishment of religion, a dicta that has been applied in an apparently inconsistent manner by the Supreme Court when called upon to evaluate various forms of verbal and nonverbal religious communication. Court decisions have approved religious prayers and displays in government settings. When such exercises and displays were introduced to the public school academic setting, the Court chose to disallow the practice. An examination of judicial opinions reveals that justices recognize three factors inherent to the academic setting which justify the apparently contradictory decisions. Because of the captive nature of the audience, the presence of …