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Civil and Environmental Engineering
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
- Keyword
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- Anaerobic digestion (2)
- Biochar (2)
- Biosolids handling (2)
- Contact mechanics (2)
- Displacement (mechanics) (2)
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- Material properties (2)
- Activation energy (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Anaerobic digester microbial community (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Bio-oil (1)
- Biomass Harvest (1)
- Biosolids (1)
- Bond (1)
- Char (1)
- Chloramphenicol (1)
- Ciprofloxacin (1)
- Coagulation (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- Curvature (1)
- Digester efficiency (1)
- Drying (1)
- Ecosystem Nitrogen Use Efficiency (1)
- Enthalpy (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) (1)
- Estradiol (1)
- Fiber-reinfoced polymer/concrete interface (1)
Articles 1 - 25 of 25
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Contact Phenomenon Of Free-Rolling Wide-Base Tires: Effect Of Speed And Temperature, Jaime Hernandez, Imad L. Al-Qadi
Contact Phenomenon Of Free-Rolling Wide-Base Tires: Effect Of Speed And Temperature, Jaime Hernandez, Imad L. Al-Qadi
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
The finite-element method was used to quantify the effect of temperature and speed on contact area, deflection, and three-dimensional contact stresses of a free-rolling wide-base tire. The tire model comprised material properties identified in the laboratory and/or provided by the tire manufacturer (hyperviscoelastic rubber and linear elastic reinforcement) and accurate geometry. The model was validated using measured deflection and contact area. The analysis matrix consisted of 81 cases resulting from a combination of three loads, tire-inflation pressures, speeds, and temperatures. Four criteria were used to compare contact stresses: range, average, root-mean-square error, and coefficient of determination. Speed and temperature influence …
Triclosan: An Instructive Tale, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Stuart B. Levy
Triclosan: An Instructive Tale, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Stuart B. Levy
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently released a final rule to ban triclosan and 18 other antimicrobial chemicals from soaps. We applaud this rule specifically because of the associated risks that triclosan poses to the spread of antibiotic resistance throughout the environment. This persistent chemical constantly stresses bacteria to adapt, and behavior that promotes antibiotic resistance needs to be stopped immediately when the benefits are null.
Pyrolysis Of Wastewater Biosolids Significantly Reduces Estrogenicity, T. C. Hoffman, Daniel Zitomer, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Pyrolysis Of Wastewater Biosolids Significantly Reduces Estrogenicity, T. C. Hoffman, Daniel Zitomer, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Most wastewater treatment processes are not specifically designed to remove micropollutants. Many micropollutants are hydrophobic so they remain in the biosolids and are discharged to the environment through land-application of biosolids. Micropollutants encompass a broad range of organic chemicals, including estrogenic compounds (natural and synthetic) that reside in the environment, a.k.a. environmental estrogens. Public concern over land application of biosolids stemming from the occurrence of micropollutants hampers the value of biosolids which are important to wastewater treatment plants as a valuable by-product. This research evaluated pyrolysis, the partial decomposition of organic material in an oxygen-deprived system under high temperatures, as …
Anaerobic Digester Bioaugmentation Influences Quasi Steady State Performance And Microbial Community, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran, K. Milferstedt, J. Hamelin, Daniel Zitomer
Anaerobic Digester Bioaugmentation Influences Quasi Steady State Performance And Microbial Community, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran, K. Milferstedt, J. Hamelin, Daniel Zitomer
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Nine anaerobic digesters, each seeded with biomass from a different source, were operated identically and their quasi steady state function was compared. Subsequently, digesters were bioaugmented with a methanogenic culture previously shown to increase specific methanogenic activity. Before bioaugmentation, different seed biomass resulted in different quasi steady state function, with digesters clustering into three groups distinguished by methane (CH4) production. Digesters with similar functional performance contained similar archaeal communities based on clustering of Illumina sequence data of the V4V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. High CH4 production correlated with neutral pH and high Methanosarcina abundance, whereas …
Altered Antibiotic Tolerance In Anaerobic Digesters Acclimated To Triclosan Or Triclocarban, Daniel Elliott Carey, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Altered Antibiotic Tolerance In Anaerobic Digesters Acclimated To Triclosan Or Triclocarban, Daniel Elliott Carey, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Bench-scale anaerobic digesters were amended to elevated steady-state concentrations of triclosan (850 mg/kg) and triclocarban (150 mg/kg) using a synthetic feed. After more than 9 solids retention time (SRT) values of acclimatization, biomass from each digester (and a control digester that received no antimicrobials) was used to assess the toxicity of three antibiotics. Methane production rate was measured as a surrogate for activity in microcosms that received doses of antibiotics ranging from no-antibiotic to inhibitory concentrations. Biomass amended with triclocarban was more sensitive to tetracycline compared to the control indicating synergistic inhibitory effects between this antibiotic and triclocarban. In contrast, …
High-Affinity Phosphate-Binding Protein (Pbp) For Phosphorous Recovery: Proof Of Concept Using Recombinant Escherichia Coli, Yu Yang, Wendy Ballent, Brooke Mayer
High-Affinity Phosphate-Binding Protein (Pbp) For Phosphorous Recovery: Proof Of Concept Using Recombinant Escherichia Coli, Yu Yang, Wendy Ballent, Brooke Mayer
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, non-renewable nutrient; yet excess discharges can lead to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Thus, P removal from water must be coupled with P recovery to achieve sustainable P management. P-specific proteins provide a novel, promising approach to recover P from water. Bacterial phosphate-binding proteins (PBPs) are able to effectively remove phosphate, achieving extremely low levels in water (i.e. 0.015 mg-P L−1). A prerequisite of using PBP for P recovery, however, is not only removal, but also controlled P release, which has not yet been reported. Phosphate release using recombinant PBP-expressing Escherichia coli …
Pyrolysis Of Dried Wastewater Biosolids Can Be Energy Positive, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Jon Koch, Zhongzhe Liu, Daniel Zitomer
Pyrolysis Of Dried Wastewater Biosolids Can Be Energy Positive, Patrick J. Mcnamara, Jon Koch, Zhongzhe Liu, Daniel Zitomer
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Pyrolysis is a thermal process that converts biosolids into biochar (a soil amendment), py-oil and py-gas, which can be energy sources. The objectives of this research were to determine the product yield of dried biosolids during pyrolysis and the energy requirements of pyrolysis. Bench-scale experiments revealed that temperature increases up to 500 °C substantially decreased the fraction of biochar and increased the fraction of py-oil. Py-gas yield increased above 500 °C. The energy required for pyrolysis was approximately 5-fold less than the energy required to dry biosolids (depending on biosolids moisture content), indicating that, if a utility already uses energy …
Influent Wastewater Microbiota And Temperature Influence Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Microbial Community, Matthew Seib, K. J. Berg, Daniel Zitomer
Influent Wastewater Microbiota And Temperature Influence Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Microbial Community, Matthew Seib, K. J. Berg, Daniel Zitomer
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Sustainable municipal wastewater recovery scenarios highlight benefits of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs). However, influences of continuous seeding by influent wastewater and temperature on attached-growth AnMBRs are not well understood. In this study, four bench-scale AnMBR operated at 10 and 25 °C were fed synthetic (SPE) and then real (PE) primary effluent municipal wastewater. Illumina sequencing revealed different bacterial communities in each AnMBR in response to temperature and bioreactor configuration, whereas differences were not observed in archaeal communities. Activity assays revealed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant methanogenic pathway at 10 °C. The significant relative abundance of Methanosaeta at 10 °C concomitant …
Framework For Event-Based Semidistributed Modeling That Unifies The Scs-Cn Method, Vic, Pdm, And Topmodel, Mark Bartlett, Anthony J. Parolari, Jeffrey Mcdonnell, Amilcare Porporato
Framework For Event-Based Semidistributed Modeling That Unifies The Scs-Cn Method, Vic, Pdm, And Topmodel, Mark Bartlett, Anthony J. Parolari, Jeffrey Mcdonnell, Amilcare Porporato
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Hydrologists and engineers may choose from a range of semidistributed rainfall-runoff models such as VIC, PDM, and TOPMODEL, all of which predict runoff from a distribution of watershed properties. However, these models are not easily compared to event-based data and are missing ready-to-use analytical expressions that are analogous to the SCS-CN method. The SCS-CN method is an event-based model that describes the runoff response with a rainfall-runoff curve that is a function of the cumulative storm rainfall and antecedent wetness condition. Here we develop an event-based probabilistic storage framework and distill semidistributed models into analytical, event-based expressions for describing the …
Framework For Incorporating Probabilistic Building Performance In The Assessment Of Community Seismic Resilience, Henry V. Burton, Gregory Deierlein, David Lallemant, Ting Lin
Framework For Incorporating Probabilistic Building Performance In The Assessment Of Community Seismic Resilience, Henry V. Burton, Gregory Deierlein, David Lallemant, Ting Lin
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
A framework is presented for incorporating probabilistic building performance limit states in the assessment of community resilience to earthquakes. The limit states are defined on the basis of their implications to postearthquake functionality and recovery. They include damage triggering inspection, occupiable damage with loss of functionality, unoccupiable damage, irreparable damage, and collapse. Fragility curves are developed linking earthquake ground motion intensity to the probability of exceedance for each of the limit states. A characteristic recovery path is defined for each limit state on the basis of discrete functioning states, the time spent within each state, and the level of functionality …
Government Motivation-Embedded Return Guarantee For Urban Infrastructure Projects Based On Real Options, Qingpeng Man, Chengshuang Sun, Yuesheng Fei, Martin Skitmore, Yong Bai, Weizhuo Lu
Government Motivation-Embedded Return Guarantee For Urban Infrastructure Projects Based On Real Options, Qingpeng Man, Chengshuang Sun, Yuesheng Fei, Martin Skitmore, Yong Bai, Weizhuo Lu
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Governments usually guarantee the amount of investment income to private sector partners to encourage their participation in Public-Private Partnership urban infrastructure development projects, with the ‘float return on investment guarantee’ being the main method in use by the Chinese government today. The current problems with the float return on investment guarantee are analysed and a guarantee approach with embedded motivational behaviour is presented as an alternative. A pricing method option is then introduced as the motivation-embedded return guarantee has similar characteristics to real options. From this, a valuation model is developed that provides the basis of a new systematic method …
Forest Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Cycles Under Biomass Harvest: Stability, Transient Response, And Feedback, Anthony J. Parolari, Amilcare Porporato
Forest Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Cycles Under Biomass Harvest: Stability, Transient Response, And Feedback, Anthony J. Parolari, Amilcare Porporato
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Biomass harvest generates an imbalance in forest carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and the nonlinear biogeochemical responses may have long-term consequences for soil fertility and sustainable management. We analyze these dynamics and characterize the impact of biomass harvest and N fertilization on soil biogeochemistry and ecosystem yield with an ecosystem model of intermediate complexity that couples plant and soil C and N cycles. Two harvest schemes are modeled: continuous harvest at low intensity and periodic clear-cut harvest. Continuously-harvested systems sustain N harvest at steady-state under net mineralization conditions, which depends on the C:N ratio and respiration rate of decomposers. …
Beyond The Scs-Cn Method: A Theoretical Framework For Spatially Lumped Rainfall-Runoff Response, Mark Bartlett, Anthony J. Parolari, Jeffrey Mcdonnell, Amilcare Porporato
Beyond The Scs-Cn Method: A Theoretical Framework For Spatially Lumped Rainfall-Runoff Response, Mark Bartlett, Anthony J. Parolari, Jeffrey Mcdonnell, Amilcare Porporato
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Since its introduction in 1954, the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method has become the standard tool, in practice, for estimating an event-based rainfall-runoff response. However, because of its empirical origins, the SCS-CN method is restricted to certain geographic regions and land use types. Moreover, it does not describe the spatial variability of runoff. To move beyond these limitations, we present a new theoretical framework for spatially lumped, event-based rainfall-runoff modeling. In this framework, we describe the spatially lumped runoff model as a point description of runoff that is upscaled to a watershed area based on probability distributions that …
Removal Of Trace Metal Contaminants From Potable Water By Electrocoagulation, Joe Heffron, Matt Marhefke, Brooke K. Mayer
Removal Of Trace Metal Contaminants From Potable Water By Electrocoagulation, Joe Heffron, Matt Marhefke, Brooke K. Mayer
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
This study investigated the effects of four operational and environmental variables on the removal of trace metal contaminants from drinking water by electrocoagulation (EC). Removal efficiencies for five metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel) were compared under varying combinations of electrode material, post-treatment, water composition and pH. Iron electrodes out-performed aluminum electrodes in removing chromium and arsenic. At pH 6.5, aluminum electrodes were slightly more effective at removing nickel and cadmium, while at pH 8.5, iron electrodes were more effective for these metals. Regardless of electrode, cadmium and nickel removal efficiencies were higher at pH 8.5 than at pH …
Emerging Investigators Series: Virus Mitigation By Coagulation: Recent Discoveries And Future Directions, Joe Heffron, Brooke K. Mayer
Emerging Investigators Series: Virus Mitigation By Coagulation: Recent Discoveries And Future Directions, Joe Heffron, Brooke K. Mayer
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Waterborne viruses are widespread and persistent in the environment. Coagulation is an effective process for mitigating viruses in drinking water. This review examines recent studies of virus mitigation by coagulation processes in the context of the latest scientific advances. Virus sorption is impacted by electrostatic forces, as well as the hydrophobic effect, steric hindrance, hydrodynamics and interactions with the water matrix. Organic matter in the water may hinder or enhance sorption, depending on virus structure and environmental factors. In addition to physical separation in flocs, coagulation processes have been shown to inactivate viruses. This review evaluates reports of virus inactivation …
Bond–Slip Behavior Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer/Concrete Interface In Single Shear Pull-Out And Beam Tests, Tayyebeh Mohammadi, Baolin Wan, Kent A. Harries
Bond–Slip Behavior Of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer/Concrete Interface In Single Shear Pull-Out And Beam Tests, Tayyebeh Mohammadi, Baolin Wan, Kent A. Harries
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
It has been assumed that the fiber-reinforced polymer/concrete interface is subjected to in-plane shear condition when intermediate crack debonding failure occurs. Therefore, the single shear pull-out test results are often used to predict the intermediate crack debonding failure in beams. In this study, the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened concrete beams and single shear pull-out specimens were studied experimentally and numerically. The bond–slip behavior of the fiber-reinforced polymer/concrete interface was obtained by single shear pull-out and beam tests. In all beam specimens, a concrete wedge located at the edge of the notch detached with the fiber-reinforced polymer debonding failure. This phenomenon …
Hyperelastic Modeling Of Wide-Base Tire And Prediction Of Its Contact Stresses, Jaime Hernandez, Imad L. Al-Qadi
Hyperelastic Modeling Of Wide-Base Tire And Prediction Of Its Contact Stresses, Jaime Hernandez, Imad L. Al-Qadi
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Description of tire model development using the finite element (FE) method is presented. Three-dimensional tire-pavement contact stresses were predicted for braking, traction, and free rolling using the FE method. Measured load-deflection curves, contact area, and contact stresses were used for model outcome validation. Slide-velocity-dependent friction and accurate input regarding geometry and material properties were considered. The developed tire model, which helped in studying contact stresses variation in each direction, was used to explain the various phenomena taking place at the tire-pavement interface during straight-line rolling. The analysis matrix includes nine rolling conditions and various loads, tire inflation pressures, and speeds. …
Chronic Exposure To Triclosan Sustains Microbial Community Shifts And Alters Antibiotic Resistance Gene Levels In Anaerobic Digesters, Daniel Elliott Carey, Daniel Zitomer, Anthony D. Kappell, Melinda J. Choi, Krassimira R. Hristova, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Chronic Exposure To Triclosan Sustains Microbial Community Shifts And Alters Antibiotic Resistance Gene Levels In Anaerobic Digesters, Daniel Elliott Carey, Daniel Zitomer, Anthony D. Kappell, Melinda J. Choi, Krassimira R. Hristova, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical found in consumer personal care products, has been shown to stimulate antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Although many studies focus on antibiotic resistance pertinent to medical scenarios, resistance developed in natural and engineered environments is less studied and has become an emerging concern for human health. In this study, the impacts of chronic triclosan (TCS) exposure on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial community structure were assessed in lab-scale anaerobic digesters. TCS concentrations from below detection to 2500 mg kg−1 dry solids were amended into anaerobic digesters over 110 days and acclimated for >3 solid …
Transient Analysis Of Analyte Desorption Due To Thermal Cycling With Varying Pulse Duration, Patrick Getz, Christopher Carron, Stephen M. Heinrich, Fabien Josse, Oliver Brand
Transient Analysis Of Analyte Desorption Due To Thermal Cycling With Varying Pulse Duration, Patrick Getz, Christopher Carron, Stephen M. Heinrich, Fabien Josse, Oliver Brand
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
This paper introduces heating pulse duration modulation on a chemically sensitive, polymer-coated resonant cantilever platform for analyte discrimination during the desorption phase. As in our previous work, the embedded heaters enable real-time measurements of analyte sorption into the polymer film, without the need for traditional valve systems and reference gases [1-2]. This work particularly looks at the effects of varying pulse lengths on the sensor responses, while holding the heating power constant. A model differential equation is developed for the sensor response based on both the device sensitivity and transient response. This model can then be used together with estimation …
Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance And Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure, Daniel Elliott Carey, Daniel Zitomer, Krassimira R. Hristova, Anthony D. Kappell, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance And Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure, Daniel Elliott Carey, Daniel Zitomer, Krassimira R. Hristova, Anthony D. Kappell, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Triclocarban (TCC) is one of the most abundant organic micropollutants detected in biosolids. Lab-scale anaerobic digesters were amended with TCC at concentrations ranging from the background concentration of seed biosolids (30 mg/kg) to toxic concentrations of 850 mg/kg to determine the effect on methane production, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community structure. Additionally, the TCC addition rate was varied to determine the impacts of acclimation time. At environmentally relevant TCC concentrations (max detect = 440 mg/kg), digesters maintained function. Digesters receiving 450 mg/kg of TCC maintained function under gradual TCC addition, but volatile fatty acid concentrations increased, …
Triclosan Adsorption Using Wastewater Biosolids-Derived Biochar, Yiran Tong, Brooke K. Mayer, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Triclosan Adsorption Using Wastewater Biosolids-Derived Biochar, Yiran Tong, Brooke K. Mayer, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Organic micropollutants are ubiquitous in the environment and stem from municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges. Adsorption can be used as a tertiary treatment to complement the conventional activated sludge process to remove micropollutants prior to discharge. This research evaluated the performance of wastewater biosolids-derived biochar as an adsorbent to remove triclosan from water. Pre-conditioning of the biochar using hydrochloric acid (HCl) was an essential step for triclosan adsorption. Using acid-conditioned biochar, maximum adsorption of 872 μg triclosan per g biochar was achieved with biochar produced at 800 °C. Biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures tended to have higher triclosan sorption …
On The Role Of Adsorbate Position, Geometry, And Binding Characteristics On The Multi-Modal Response Of Cantilever-Based Resonators For Higher-Order Discrete-Mass Detection, Stephen M. Heinrich, Pierre-Henri Ducrot, C. Ayela, Hongjian Zhang, Isabelle Dufour
On The Role Of Adsorbate Position, Geometry, And Binding Characteristics On The Multi-Modal Response Of Cantilever-Based Resonators For Higher-Order Discrete-Mass Detection, Stephen M. Heinrich, Pierre-Henri Ducrot, C. Ayela, Hongjian Zhang, Isabelle Dufour
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
No abstract provided.
A Simple Kinetic Analysis Of Syngas During Steam Hydrogasification Of Biomass Using A Novel Inverted Batch Reactor With Instant High Pressure Feeding, Xin Fan, Zhongzhe Liu, Joseph M. Norbeck, Chan S. Park
A Simple Kinetic Analysis Of Syngas During Steam Hydrogasification Of Biomass Using A Novel Inverted Batch Reactor With Instant High Pressure Feeding, Xin Fan, Zhongzhe Liu, Joseph M. Norbeck, Chan S. Park
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
A newly designed inverted batch reactor equipped with a pressure-driven feeding system was built for investigating the kinetics of syngas during the steam hydrogasification (SHR) of biomass. The system could instantly load the feedstock into the reactor at high temperature and pressure, which simulated the way to transport the feedstock into a hot and pressurized gasifier. Experiments were conducted from 600 °C to 700 °C. The inverted reactor showed very high heating rate by enhancing the carbon conversion and syngas production. The kinetic study showed that the rates of CH4, CO and CO2 formation during SHR were …
Emerging Investigators Series: Pyrolysis Removes Common Microconstituents Triclocarban, Triclosan, And Nonylphenol From Biosolids, J. J. Ross, Daniel Zitomer, T. R. Miller, C. A. Weirich, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Emerging Investigators Series: Pyrolysis Removes Common Microconstituents Triclocarban, Triclosan, And Nonylphenol From Biosolids, J. J. Ross, Daniel Zitomer, T. R. Miller, C. A. Weirich, Patrick J. Mcnamara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Reusing biosolids is vital for the sustainability of wastewater management. Pyrolysis is an anoxic thermal degradation process that can be used to convert biosolids into energy rich py-gas and py-oil, and a beneficial soil amendment, biochar. Batch biosolids pyrolysis (60 minutes) revealed that triclocarban and triclosan were removed (to below quantification limit) at 200 °C and 300 °C, respectively. Substantial removal (>90%) of nonylphenol was achieved at 300 °C as well, but 600 °C was required to remove nonylphenol to below the quantification limit. At 500 °C, the pyrolysis reaction time to remove >90% of microconstituents was less than …
Total Value Of Phosphorus Recovery, Brooke K. Mayer, Lawrence A. Baker, Treavor H. Boyer, Pay Drechsel, Mac Gifford, Munir A. Hanjra, Prathap Parameswaran, Jared Stoltzfus, Paul Westerhoff, Bruce E. Rittmann
Total Value Of Phosphorus Recovery, Brooke K. Mayer, Lawrence A. Baker, Treavor H. Boyer, Pay Drechsel, Mac Gifford, Munir A. Hanjra, Prathap Parameswaran, Jared Stoltzfus, Paul Westerhoff, Bruce E. Rittmann
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, geographically concentrated, nonrenewable resource necessary to support global food production. In excess (e.g., due to runoff or wastewater discharges), P is also a primary cause of eutrophication. To reconcile the simultaneous shortage and overabundance of P, lost P flows must be recovered and reused, alongside improvements in P-use efficiency. While this motivation is increasingly being recognized, little P recovery is practiced today, as recovered P generally cannot compete with the relatively low cost of mined P. Therefore, P is often captured to prevent its release into the environment without beneficial recovery and reuse. However, additional …