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Reuse Of Municipal Wastewater As Makeup To Circulating Cooling Systems, D. Goldstein, Irvine Wei, R. Hicks
Reuse Of Municipal Wastewater As Makeup To Circulating Cooling Systems, D. Goldstein, Irvine Wei, R. Hicks
Irvine W. Wei
The reuse of municipal wastewater for industrial cooling is an excellent way of preserving clean waters for other uses. Details have been collected from several countries and there is no doubt that this is a thoroughly practical reuse option.
Makeup waters successfully used fall in the range 10-30 mg/l BOD, 30-50 mg/l o-PO₄, 1000-1500 mg/l TDS and 30-70 mg/l NH₃. The major problems are phosphate scale and biological fouling. Usual treatments are lime clarification and chlorination.
Most of the industrial users are power plants, which use high alloy metals to avoid corrosion, but industries using carbon-steel heat exchangers have not …