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Articles 1 - 30 of 143
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
An "Olympics" Approach: A More Equitable Approach To Athletics Than Title Ix Offers, Marcia Federbush
An "Olympics" Approach: A More Equitable Approach To Athletics Than Title Ix Offers, Marcia Federbush
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
A speech from Marcia Federbush, the writer of the first comprehensive Title IX complaint against a major university - the University of Michigan.
Gender And Intercollegiate Athletics: Data And Myths, Julia Lamber
Gender And Intercollegiate Athletics: Data And Myths, Julia Lamber
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article explores what nondiscrimination means in the context of intercollegiate athletics. After reviewing the Department of Education's controversial Title IX Policy Interpretation, it critically examines the analytical framework used in Title IX athletic cases and concludes that commonly made analogies to litigation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act are inapt. A major part of the Article is an empirical study, looking first at gender equity plans written by institutions of higher education for the National Collegiate Athletic Association and then at data collected from more than 325 institutions pursuant to the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act. …
The Mixed Messages Of Title Ix, Sherman J. Clark
The Mixed Messages Of Title Ix, Sherman J. Clark
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Introduction to a University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Symposium entitled Competing in the 21st Century: Title IX, Gender Equity, and Athletics.
The Struggle For Sex Equality In Sport And The Theory Behind Title Ix, Deborah Brake
The Struggle For Sex Equality In Sport And The Theory Behind Title Ix, Deborah Brake
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Title IX's three-part test for measuring discrimination in the provision of athletic opportunities to male and female students has generated heated controversy in recent years. In this Article, Professor Brake discusses the theoretical underpinnings behind the three-part test and offers a comprehensive justification of this theory as applied to the context of sport. She begins with an analysis of the test's relationship to other areas of sex discrimination law, concluding that, unlike most contexts, Title IX rejects formal equality as its guiding theory, adopting instead an approach that focuses on the institutional structures that subordinate girls and women in sport. …
Pay Equity For Coaches And Athletic Administrators: An Element Of Title Ix?, Barbara Osborne, Marilyn V. Yarbrough
Pay Equity For Coaches And Athletic Administrators: An Element Of Title Ix?, Barbara Osborne, Marilyn V. Yarbrough
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In this Article, Professors Osborne and Yarbrough address the issue of gender discrimination in the compensation of coaches and athletic administrators. They discuss the application of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII to pay inequity claims and conclude that both have proven to be inadequate as a means of addressing the problem. Professors Osborne and Yarbrough then present Title IX as a way of countering the problem of gender discrimination in the compensation of coaches. They also discuss the prospects for gender equality in compensation by considering several cases addressing the issue. Finally, they offer recommendations both …
Equally Bad Is Not Good: Allowing Title Ix "Compliance" By The Elimination Of Men's Collegiate Sports, Donald E. Shelton
Equally Bad Is Not Good: Allowing Title Ix "Compliance" By The Elimination Of Men's Collegiate Sports, Donald E. Shelton
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Athletic participation is an important part of the educational process, instilling important lessons about discipline and teamwork. Title IX was intended to address the historic lack of opportunities for women and girls to participate in school athletics. Unfortunately, the current administrative interpretation of Title IX permits the elimination of male athletic opportunities as a means of complying with the statute's equality standard. This result undermines the purpose of Title IX and the role of athletics in the educational process for all students.
Angry White Males: The Equal Protection Clause And "Classes Of One", Timothy Zick
Angry White Males: The Equal Protection Clause And "Classes Of One", Timothy Zick
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Racial Origins Of Modern Criminal Procedure, Michael J. Klarman
The Racial Origins Of Modern Criminal Procedure, Michael J. Klarman
Michigan Law Review
The constitutional law of state criminal procedure was born between the First and Second World Wars. Prior to 1920, the Supreme Court had upset the results of the state criminal justice system in just a handful of cases, all involving race discrimination in jury selection. By 1940, however, the Court had interpreted the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to invalidate state criminal convictions in a wide variety of settings: mob-dominated trials, violation of the right to counsel, coerced confessions, financially-biased judges, and knowingly perjured testimony by prosecution witnesses. In addition, the Court had broadened its earlier decisions forbidding …
Introduction To The Symposium, (De)Constructing Sex: Transgenderism, Intersexuality, Gender Identity And The Law, Jane Allison Sitton
Introduction To The Symposium, (De)Constructing Sex: Transgenderism, Intersexuality, Gender Identity And The Law, Jane Allison Sitton
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Paving The Road: A Charles Hamilton Houston Approach To Securing Trans Rights, Jennifer Levi
Paving The Road: A Charles Hamilton Houston Approach To Securing Trans Rights, Jennifer Levi
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
En/Gendering Equality: Seeking Relief Under Title Vii Against Employment Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation, Anthony E. Varona, Jeffrey Monks
En/Gendering Equality: Seeking Relief Under Title Vii Against Employment Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation, Anthony E. Varona, Jeffrey Monks
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Unprincipled Exclusions: The Struggle To Achieve Judicial And Legislative Equality For Transgender People, Paisley Currah, Shannon Minter
Unprincipled Exclusions: The Struggle To Achieve Judicial And Legislative Equality For Transgender People, Paisley Currah, Shannon Minter
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
This Article examines recent efforts to enact civil rights statutes for transgender people in the United States. Part I provides an overview of the largely negative case law on the issue of whether transgender people are protected under existing sex, sexual orientation or disability discrimination laws. This context is provided, in part, to explain why transgender rights advocates have turned to the legislative branches of government to secure basic civil rights protections. Part II describes the initial successes that have been achieved as a result of this new focus on political activism and legislation. Part III examines the actual statutory …
Better Bitch Than Mouse: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Feminism, And Vmi, Carey Olney
Better Bitch Than Mouse: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Feminism, And Vmi, Carey Olney
Buffalo Women's Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Defining Recipients Of Federal Financial Assistance Under The Nondiscrimination Statutes, Heidi A. Reamer
Defining Recipients Of Federal Financial Assistance Under The Nondiscrimination Statutes, Heidi A. Reamer
Washington and Lee Law Review
No abstract provided.
Flyer: Commemorate The Women's Movement In Jacksonville, Edna Louise Saffy
Flyer: Commemorate The Women's Movement In Jacksonville, Edna Louise Saffy
Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials
Flyer for Women’s Equality Day program Balis Park in San Marco, Jacksonville, Florida August 26, 2000.
Program: A Commemoration Of Women's History Program August 26, 2000, Edna Louise Saffy
Program: A Commemoration Of Women's History Program August 26, 2000, Edna Louise Saffy
Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials
Women's Equality Day Eighty Years of Women's Suffrage Thirty Years of Jacksonville Women's Movement August 26, 2000 9 A.M. Includes program, and Procession of Honor to Mary Nolan’s grave. Program Committee: Karen Danko, Cathy Drompp, Pam Flynn, Sharon Laird, Edna Saffy, Judy Sheklin, Elizabeth Teague and Louise Stanton Warren.
Writings: Program Presented In Balis Park, San Marco, Jacksonville Florida. In Celebration Of Women On August 26, 2000, Edna Louise Saffy
Writings: Program Presented In Balis Park, San Marco, Jacksonville Florida. In Celebration Of Women On August 26, 2000, Edna Louise Saffy
Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials
Speeches: Version of the program delivered on August 26, 2000 by Dr. Edna L. Saffy commemorating Women’s Equality Day, eighty years of woman’s suffrage and thirty years of the Jacksonville Women’s Movement.
“Gay Rights” For “Gay Whites”?: Race, Sexual Identity, And Equal Protection Discourse, Darren Lenard Hutchinson
“Gay Rights” For “Gay Whites”?: Race, Sexual Identity, And Equal Protection Discourse, Darren Lenard Hutchinson
UF Law Faculty Publications
While the resolution of the problem of gay and lesbian inequality will ultimately turn on a host of social, legal, political, and ideological variables, this Article argues that the success or failure of efforts to achieve legal equality for gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgendered individuals will depend in large part on how scholars and activists in this field address questions of racial identity and racial subjugation. Commonly, these scholars and activists currently discuss race by use of analogies between “racial discrimination” and “sexual orientation discrimination,” or between “people of color” and “gays and lesbians.” On one level, the “comparative approach” …
The Failure Of The Integrated Enterprise Test: Why Courts Need To Find New Answers To The Multiple-Employer Puzzle In Federal Discrimination Cases, Mark Crandley
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Because We Love You, Rosemary B. Quigley
Because We Love You, Rosemary B. Quigley
Michigan Law Review
I remember the impotence I felt on the eve of the Gulf War in January 1991. No one could have known at that moment what a brief conflict it would be. We had every reason to believe that the Middle East would be hurled into turmoil. And if protracted war ensued, a draft would surely follow. I watched my college boyfriend sink into despair, with the help of a Bob Mould CD, at the prospect of being called to give his life for his country. I remained uncharacteristically mute. In the face of this battle, our positions were too unequal …
Franco's Spain, Queer Nation?, Gema Pérez-Sánchez
Franco's Spain, Queer Nation?, Gema Pérez-Sánchez
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article discusses how, through its juridical apparatus, the Spanish dictatorship of Francisco Franco sought to define and to contain homosexuality, followed by examples of how underground queer activism contested homophobic laws. The Article concludes by analyzing a literary work to illustrate the social impact of Francoism's homophobic law against homosexuality.
Querying A Queer Spain Under Franco, Peter Kwan
Querying A Queer Spain Under Franco, Peter Kwan
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
There should be more articles in the legal journals such as Professor Gema Pérez-Sánchez's. In Franco's Spain, Queer Nation?, Professor Pérez-Sánchez has done a great service to legal scholarship in four respects. Firstly, she has written an appropriately far-ranging piece. In a discipline that has as one of its central missions the broadening of critical legal discourse, LatCrit can sometimes appear to suffer from symptoms of parochialism in its understandable emphasis on the Latina/o experience within American borders, or on the experience of its Latina/o immigrants once they have reached these shores. To be sure, this is not a problem …
The Creed According To The Legal Academy: Nihilistic Musings On Pedagogy And Race Relations, Barbara L. Bernier
The Creed According To The Legal Academy: Nihilistic Musings On Pedagogy And Race Relations, Barbara L. Bernier
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Defining The Agenda: A New Struggle For African-American Women In The Fight For Reproductive Self-Determination, Melanie M. Lee
Defining The Agenda: A New Struggle For African-American Women In The Fight For Reproductive Self-Determination, Melanie M. Lee
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Partners Suing The Partnership: Are Courts Correctly Deciding Who Is An Employer And Who Is An Employee Under Title Vii, Dawn S. Sherman
Partners Suing The Partnership: Are Courts Correctly Deciding Who Is An Employer And Who Is An Employee Under Title Vii, Dawn S. Sherman
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Whether The Constitutionality Of The Violence Against Women Act Will Further Federal Protection From Sexual Orientation Crimes, Alexander Dombrowsky
Whether The Constitutionality Of The Violence Against Women Act Will Further Federal Protection From Sexual Orientation Crimes, Alexander Dombrowsky
University of Miami Law Review
No abstract provided.
Hate Exposed To The Light Of Day: Determining The Boy Scouts Of America's Expressive Purpose Solely From Objective Evidence, Cara J. Frey
Hate Exposed To The Light Of Day: Determining The Boy Scouts Of America's Expressive Purpose Solely From Objective Evidence, Cara J. Frey
Washington Law Review
In the 1980s, the U.S. Supreme Court took considerable steps toward decreasing the uncertainty surrounding an organization's associational freedoms by requiring an organization seeking to exclude individuals solely based on status to prove that its expressive purpose would be undermined if it included such members. However, these Supreme Court cases failed to establish any consistent approach to determining an organization's expressive purpose. Problems have arisen most acutely with the claims of gays seeking to be included in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), an organization with a multifaceted and vague message. As the law now stands, courts have broad discretion …
Hegemony, Coercion, And Their Teeth-Gritting Harmony: A Commentary On Power, Culture, And Sexuality In Franco's Spain, Ratna Kapur, Tayyab Mahmud
Hegemony, Coercion, And Their Teeth-Gritting Harmony: A Commentary On Power, Culture, And Sexuality In Franco's Spain, Ratna Kapur, Tayyab Mahmud
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Professor Gema Pérez-Sánchez's article, Franco's Spain, Queer Nation? focuses on the last years of Francisco Franco's fascist dictatorship and the early years of the young Spanish democracy, roughly from the late 1960's to the early 1980's. The centerpiece of her article looks at how, through law, Franco's regime sought to define and contain what it considered dangerous social behavior, particularly homosexuality. She traces how the state not only exercised hegemonic control over definitions of gender and sexuality, but also established well-defined roles for women and drew clear lines between what constituted legitimate and illegitimate sexualities, namely, the line between heterosexuality …
Black Athletes At The Millenium, Keith Harrison
Black Athletes At The Millenium, Keith Harrison
Dr. C. Keith Harrison
No abstract provided.
Price Waterhouse: Alive And Well Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act, H.Lane Dennard Jr., Kendall L. Kelly
Price Waterhouse: Alive And Well Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act, H.Lane Dennard Jr., Kendall L. Kelly
Mercer Law Review
Judicial application of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ("ADEA") may be the most divergent of the employment discrimination laws because the ADEA is a hybrid of two statutes: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 19642 ("Title VII") and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ("FLSA"). The ADEA incorporates only selected portions of each of these statutes. For example, the general prohibition against age discrimination contained in the ADEA parallels the substantive provisions of Title VII, while the remedial provisions mirror, at least in part, the FLSA. Courts, however, have generally approached the ADEA in …