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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Numerical Modelling Of Downburst Interaction With Bluff Body, Aditi Jog
Numerical Modelling Of Downburst Interaction With Bluff Body, Aditi Jog
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The objective of this study is to investigate the interaction of a bluff body with a downburst flow. Numerical investigation of the flow field using CFD analysis was carried out for three different downburst sizes (h/d=1, 2, 4) under suitable boundary conditions subjected to constant jet velocity. The downburst-structure interaction study was conducted for two jet diameters (h/d=1 and 4) and two radial locations from the downburst center.
The results showed that the downburst size greatly dominates the intensity of the flow. The largest downburst resulted in the highest velocity magnitude near the ground and also covered a larger area …
Rural To Urban Intercity Transit User Characteristics Analysis, Demand Estimation And Network Design, Hongtai Yang
Rural To Urban Intercity Transit User Characteristics Analysis, Demand Estimation And Network Design, Hongtai Yang
Doctoral Dissertations
Rural transit always plays a critical role in transporting rural residents, especially the ones who do not have a car, cannot drive, or choose not to drive. Intercity bus (ICB), deviated fixed route transit (DFRT) and demand responsive transit (DRT) are three major modes of rural public transportation. Although there are more DFRT and DRT service providers and services in the US, due to institutional issues, there are much more studies about ICB than DFRT and DRT. Meanwhile, state governments are struggling on how to improve the rural transit system with limited budget. This dissertation is aimed to fill the …
Bedload Transport Sampling, Characterization And Modeling On A Southern Appalachian Ridge And Valley Stream, Patrick Lasater Mcmahon
Bedload Transport Sampling, Characterization And Modeling On A Southern Appalachian Ridge And Valley Stream, Patrick Lasater Mcmahon
Doctoral Dissertations
Estimates of bedload transport rates developed from existing transport models are notoriously inaccurate(Wilcock 2001). The gravel bed models addressed in this study include the Meyer-Peter and Muller; Parker, Klingeman, and McLean; and Wilcock two-fraction models. The question of whether or not these models predict bedload transport rates in a Southern Appalachian Ridge and Valley stream is complicated by the fact that these models have only been previously assessed in terms of their agreement with bedload transport rates measured in the Western regions of the U.S. Further, due to the strongly non-linear form of bedload transport models discrete errors and cumulative …
Effects Of Data Resolution And Human Behavior On Large Scale Evacuation Simulations, Wei Lu
Effects Of Data Resolution And Human Behavior On Large Scale Evacuation Simulations, Wei Lu
Doctoral Dissertations
Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) based macroscopic simulation studies are mostly applied in evacuation planning and operation areas. The large size in TAZ and aggregated information of macroscopic simulation underestimate the real evacuation performance. To take advantage of the high resolution demographic data LandScan USA (the zone size is much smaller than TAZ) and agent-based microscopic traffic simulation models, many new problems appeared and novel solutions are needed. A series of studies are conducted using LandScan USA Population Cells (LPC) data for evacuation assignments with different network configurations, travel demand models, and travelers’ compliance behavior.
First, a new Multiple-Source-Nearest-Destination Shortest Path …
Investigation Of Asphalt Pavement Mixture Blending Utilizing Analytical Chemistry Techniques, Benjamin Frank Bowers
Investigation Of Asphalt Pavement Mixture Blending Utilizing Analytical Chemistry Techniques, Benjamin Frank Bowers
Doctoral Dissertations
The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in new pavement mixtures is a topic of interest throughout the transportation industry and academia due its economic and environmental implications. There is concern however about how well the binder from the RAP blends with new, virgin binder when the mixture is created. Insufficient blending of the aged and unaged binders may compromise the long-term pavement performance. In this study, an enhanced staged extraction method is coupled with two chemical testing techniques to develop a novel approach for evaluating blending efficiency from a qualitative and quantitative perspective: Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Fourier …
An Analysis On Soil Properties On Predicting Critical Hydraulic Gradients For Piping Progression In Sandy Soils, Tammy Jacobson
An Analysis On Soil Properties On Predicting Critical Hydraulic Gradients For Piping Progression In Sandy Soils, Tammy Jacobson
All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023
Piping is a form of internal erosion in which soil particles are eroded at a seepage exit location due to the forces imposed on the particles by seeping water. Laboratory testing was performed on a variety of soils in order to assess a correlation between unit weight, angle of internal friction, grain size, gradation, and void ratio and the critical hydraulic gradient at which piping initiates and progresses. A multi-variable regression analysis was used to form equations to predict critical hydraulic gradient based upon each of these soil parameters. Variations in the accuracy of these equations are thought to be …
The Effectiveness Of Silane And Siloxane Treatments On The Superhydrophobicity And Icephobicity Of Concrete Surfaces, Sunil M. Rao
The Effectiveness Of Silane And Siloxane Treatments On The Superhydrophobicity And Icephobicity Of Concrete Surfaces, Sunil M. Rao
Theses and Dissertations
Icy roads lead to treacherous driving conditions in regions of the U.S., leading to over 450 fatalities per year. De-icing chemicals, such as road salt, leave much to be desired. In this report, commercially available silane, siloxane, and related materials were evaluated as solutions, simple emulsions, and complex emulsions with incorporated particulates, for their effectiveness as superhydrophobic treatments. Through the development and use of a basic impact test, the ease of ice removal (icephobicity) was examined as an application of the targeted superhydrophobicity.
A general correlation was found between icephobicity and hydrophobicity, with the amount of ice removed on impact …
Feasibility Of The Use Of Ultrasound Measurements For Grade Verification Of The Performance Grade Asphalt Binders, Mehdi Khalili
Feasibility Of The Use Of Ultrasound Measurements For Grade Verification Of The Performance Grade Asphalt Binders, Mehdi Khalili
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This research investigates the feasibility of application of high frequency immersion ultrasonic measurement (UM) to discriminate different performance grade (PG) asphalt binders. PG asphalt binder is one of the main components of hot mix asphalt used for roadway construction. UT may provide an inexpensive alternative to sophisticated tests currently used for quality control of PG asphalt binders. Nine different PG asphalt binders used were selected for this investigation. Velocity (V) and integrated response (IR) of the ultrasonic wave were measured. The IR is a measure of the ratio of ultrasonic energy transmitted into the material to the ultrasonic energy reflected …
One-Dimensional Compressibility Of Intermediate Non-Plastic Soil Mixtures, Sean E. Salazar
One-Dimensional Compressibility Of Intermediate Non-Plastic Soil Mixtures, Sean E. Salazar
Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
The results of high stress, one-dimensional compression testing on intermediate soils are presented. Nevada Sand and silica silt mixtures were subjected to very high vertical stresses (140 MPa) in one-dimensional, monotonic compression. Each soil mixture was tested in a nominally loose condition. A specially designed mold with an integrated sensor array was fabricated to contain the soil during pre-consolidation and loading. The 1-D compression curve was plotted for each mixture in the double-logarithmic void ratio (e), and vertical effective stress (σ’v) space and characteristics of the Limiting Compression Curve (LCC) were identified. Initial and post test grain size distribution curves …
Application Of Image Processing And Finite Element Analysis In Modeling Chloride Diffusion In Concrete, Arash Razmjoo
Application Of Image Processing And Finite Element Analysis In Modeling Chloride Diffusion In Concrete, Arash Razmjoo
All Dissertations
Utilizing numerical simulation models to predict the long-term mechanical and transport behavior of concrete structures is becoming increasingly popular. The majority of these models have been developed using laboratory test data that consider concrete as a homogeneous material with spherical aggregates. These models could not be a represented of real concrete because it has no primitive shaped aggregate besides that the porosity size and distribution varies from point to point. In this study a novel method for more accurate prediction of the chloride diffusion in concrete was developed. A general framework of the quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and finite element …
Seismic Site Coefficient Model And Improved Design Response Spectra Based On Conditions In South Carolina, Shimelies Aboye
Seismic Site Coefficient Model And Improved Design Response Spectra Based On Conditions In South Carolina, Shimelies Aboye
All Dissertations
A new seismic site coefficient model is developed from the results of over 60,000 total stress, one-dimensional equivalent ground response simulations assuming conditions in South Carolina. Computed site coefficients ( F ) are plotted versus average shear wave velocity in the top 30 m (VS30 ) and grouped by location, spectral acceleration (Soutcrop ) and spectral period. Locations considered in the Coastal Plain include Aiken, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Lake Marion, Myrtle Beach, and the South Carolina side of Savannah. Locations considered in the Piedmont include Columbia, Greenville, Greenwood, and Rock Hill. In all the plots of …
Predictive Maturity Of Inexact And Uncertain Strongly Coupled Numerical Models, Ismail Farajpour
Predictive Maturity Of Inexact And Uncertain Strongly Coupled Numerical Models, Ismail Farajpour
All Dissertations
The Computer simulations are commonly used to predict the response of complex systems in many branches of engineering and science. These computer simulations involve the theoretical foundation, numerical modeling and supporting experimental data, all of which contain their associated errors. Furthermore, real-world problems are generally complex in nature, in which each phenomenon is described by the respective constituent models representing different physics and/or scales. The interactions between such constituents are typically complex in nature, such that the outputs of a particular constituent may be the inputs for one or more constituents. Thus, the natural question then arises concerning the validity …
An Investigation Into The Water Budget And The Management Of The Snake River System, John Whitney Hildreth
An Investigation Into The Water Budget And The Management Of The Snake River System, John Whitney Hildreth
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Future climate change poses a major conceptual challenge to the availability of water resources due to the uncertainty involved with changes to the hydrologic cycle. Over the past decades, observed warming temperatures across the Western United Sates have shown significant impacts on river basin scale hydrology. This research uses physically based modeling tools to assess the hydrologic impacts of climate change in the Snake River Basin. Physically based hydrologic modeling studies of future climate do not typically take into account interactions between groundwater and surface water. To account for these interactions, the Variable Infiltration Capacity model is coupled with the …
Sodhana Environmental - Final Design Report, Eric Taylor, Corissa Bellis, Cody Perez, Cameron Zeller
Sodhana Environmental - Final Design Report, Eric Taylor, Corissa Bellis, Cody Perez, Cameron Zeller
Mechanical Engineering
A fully designed cost-effective, sustainable, toilet for the developing world.
Evaluation Of Alternative Project Delivery Methods In Water And Wastewater Projects, Ruiko Maharjan
Evaluation Of Alternative Project Delivery Methods In Water And Wastewater Projects, Ruiko Maharjan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The United States (U.S.) is facing significant challenges in addressing aging water infrastructure. Most of the drinking water infrastructure is reaching the end of their useful lives. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) estimated that it will cost about $1 trillion to repair or replace drinking water pipes. Over the next 20 years, it will cost about $298 billion to fix or expand pipes of the nation's wastewater and storm-water systems (AWWA, 2012). Owners, engineers, and contractors are using Alternative Project Delivery (APD) methods - e.g., Design-Build Construction Management-at-Risk Construction Management/General Contractor- to build water and wastewater projects in order …
A Case Study Of Zero Energy Home Built For Solar Decathlon Competition 2013, Sanjib Mulepati
A Case Study Of Zero Energy Home Built For Solar Decathlon Competition 2013, Sanjib Mulepati
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Energy consumption in residential homes has been a subject of research related to sustainability. Reduction in the consumption of energy is a goal of sustainable construction. The Department of Energy (DOE) started a Solar Decathlon competition in 2002 in which the students from different universities around the globe build an energy efficient and affordable home suitable for their climate and location. The main goal of this competition is to select the best home that is designed and built in a sustainable way. In this study, the home designed and constructed for participation in the competition by the students at University …
Performance Comparison Of Design-Build And Construction Manager/General Contractor Highway Projects, Binita Shakya
Performance Comparison Of Design-Build And Construction Manager/General Contractor Highway Projects, Binita Shakya
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Researchers have conducted numerous studies comparing project performance of design-bid-build (DBB) and design-build (DB) highway projects. However, little research has been done to compare the performance of DB and construction manager/general contractor (CM/GC) highway projects. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted to compare the performance of 55 DB and 34 CM/GC highway projects from various States Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in terms of cost, change orders, and construction intensity. The results showed that contract award cost growth was significantly lower in DB projects than in CM/GC projects. In contrast to this, the total cost growth of DB projects was higher …
Impacts Of Climate Changes On The Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Precipitation In The Western United States, Peng Jiang
Impacts Of Climate Changes On The Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Precipitation In The Western United States, Peng Jiang
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Precipitation in the Intermountain West is characterized by its great variability in both spatial and temporal distributions. Moreover, the spatiotemporal distribution of the precipitation is changing due to the climate changes. In this dissertation, three studies are conducted to investigate the multi-scale temporal variability of precipitation, the performance of current climate models on this variability, the influence of large-scale ocean oscillations on heavy precipitation, and the impact of human induced global warming on storm properties.
The first study is to examine the performance of current climate models on the simulation of the multi-scale temporal variability determined from the observed station …
Investigation Of Application Niche For Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Using Microbial Fuel Cells, Patrick Thomas Kelly
Investigation Of Application Niche For Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Using Microbial Fuel Cells, Patrick Thomas Kelly
Theses and Dissertations
Microbial fuel cells represent a sustainable wastewater treatment technology due to its simultaneous treatment of contaminants and electricity production. Selection of suitable substrates is important to identifying proper application of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. In this work, four identical MFCs were used to treat the wastes sampled from different stages of a cheese wastewater treatment process, and both treatment performance and energy balance were examined. The two MFCs treating liquid wastes achieved more than 80% removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), while the other two MFCs fed with sludge or cheese whey removed about 60% of TCOD. The …
Mechanical Properties And High-Temperature Performance Of A Polyester Resin Modified Using Fgd Gypsum, Morteza Janbaz
Mechanical Properties And High-Temperature Performance Of A Polyester Resin Modified Using Fgd Gypsum, Morteza Janbaz
Theses and Dissertations
High-temperature performance of polyester- based construction materials is an important consideration when fire safety is a concern. These materials are typically used as non-structural components of buildings and other structures. Structural retrofits using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are also gaining popularity. However, a major disadvantage of polymer- based materials (including FRP composites) is their flammability and toxic gas generation at high temperatures. The main objective of this research effort was to determine the mechanical properties and high-temperature performance of a polyester resin modified with various amounts of an industrial by-product additive. The additive used was Flu-Gas Desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, which …
Optimal Retrofit Strategy Design For Highway Bridges Under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study Of Charleston, Sc, Shawn Parmelee
Optimal Retrofit Strategy Design For Highway Bridges Under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study Of Charleston, Sc, Shawn Parmelee
All Theses
A significant number of US highway bridges are inadequate for seismic loads and could be seriously damaged or collapse during a relatively small earthquake. On the most recent infrastructure report card from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), one-third of the bridges in the United States are deemed to be structurally deficient. To improve this situation, at-risk bridges must be identified, evaluated, and effective retrofitting programs implemented to reduce their seismic vulnerabilities. In practice, the Federal Highway Administration uses the expected damage method and indices method to assess the condition of bridges. These methods compare the severity of expected …
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell As Sustainable Power Resource, Ananta Kothapalli
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell As Sustainable Power Resource, Ananta Kothapalli
Theses and Dissertations
This research demonstrates that Ceratophyllum demersum a root less non vascular aquatic plant has negatively affected the power generation from a Sediment Microbial Fuel cell (SMFC). In SMFC the reduced organic matter in the sediment in water produces electrons, which reduces oxygen. Whereas in Plant SMFC continuous supply of organic matter to the anode is done by rhizodeposition (root exudates). Six SMFCs were run for more than 3 months to see the effect of plants, pH and temperature on power generation. Out of six only two SMFC showed stable data. The maximum power density 18 ± 1mW/m3 was generated from …
A Framework To Predict High Risk Roadways For Pedestrians In Tennessee, Zane Hunter Pannell
A Framework To Predict High Risk Roadways For Pedestrians In Tennessee, Zane Hunter Pannell
Masters Theses
Pedestrians and bicyclists are a class of vulnerable road users that are often over-represented in incapacitating injury or fatal crash statistics. Because non-motorized trips are vital to many urban and rural residents for utility or recreation and exercise, it is essential to identify safety deficiencies in our existing transportation infrastructure to address rising injuries and fatalities among this group of road users. As the economy continues to struggle and fuel prices remain high, many cities and rural transportation agencies are seeing large increases in bicycling, walking, and transit ridership. While passenger car fatalities have shown sharp declines in the last …
An Automated Finite Element Analysis Framework For The Probabilistic Evaluation Of Composite Lamina Properties, Jonathan Phillips Weigand
An Automated Finite Element Analysis Framework For The Probabilistic Evaluation Of Composite Lamina Properties, Jonathan Phillips Weigand
Masters Theses
This thesis outlines the development of computational modeling tools used to predict the elastic properties of composite lamina from representative volume elements (RVE) using numerical methods. The homogenization approach involves the use of Gauss’s Theorem to simply the average volumetric strain integral into a surface integral containing which is defined by surface displacements and their direction. Simulations of RVEs under specific loading conditions (longitudinal tension or shear and transverse tension or shear) are then performed in the software package ABAQUS to obtain the surface displacements. It was found that obtaining quality meshes and applying periodic boundary conditions for each RVE …
Cost And Embodied Energy Optimization Of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams, Alexander Kosloski
Cost And Embodied Energy Optimization Of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams, Alexander Kosloski
All Theses
Concrete has a large environmental footprint so it is desirable to find ways to efficiently design structural members. Engineers can exercise their abilities early on in the design phase of construction projects to reduce the environmental footprint by minimizing the amount of materials required. One way to achieve these results is to optimize the design of structural concrete. In this study, simple-span rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams with a range of different bending moments were analyzed. The primary goal was to combine life cycle analysis (LCA), numerical optimization, and reinforced concrete mechanics to create a framework for designing efficient RC …
Evaluating The Predictive Capability Of Numerical Models Considering Robustness To Non-Probabilistic Uncertianty In The Input Parameters, Parker Shields
Evaluating The Predictive Capability Of Numerical Models Considering Robustness To Non-Probabilistic Uncertianty In The Input Parameters, Parker Shields
All Theses
The paradigm of model evaluation is challenged by compensations between various forms of errors and uncertainties that are inherent to the model development process due to, for instance, imprecise model input parameters, scarcity of experimental data and lack of knowledge regarding an accurate mathematical representation of the system. When calibrating model input parameters based on fidelity to experiments, such compensations lead to non-unique solutions. In turn, the existence of non-unique solutions makes the selection and use of one `best' numerical model risky. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate model performance based not only on the fidelity of the predictions to …
Mechanistic Characterization Of Rubberized Asphalt Mixture And Design Using Full Scale Tire-Pavement Finite Element Modeling, Sajib Saha
All Theses
Rubberized half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA) is being considered as one of the promising and sustainable solutions to the current environmental and economic crisis of asphalt industry. A fully mechanistic characterization and performance analysis of this mixture subjected to realistic loading and temperature conditions is necessary before its application in a practical pavement structure. The objective of this research is to characterize the viscoelastic properties of rubberized HWMA at different temperatures and to develop and validate a finite element model of a tire-pavement structure. In this research, a generalized Maxwell model is chosen to represent the time dependent stress-strain behavior of …
Safety And Operational Characteristics Of Lane Widths On Urban And Rural Roadways A Simulator Study, Meredith Ladue
Safety And Operational Characteristics Of Lane Widths On Urban And Rural Roadways A Simulator Study, Meredith Ladue
All Theses
The primary goal for this study was to further evaluate and assess the effect of lane width on the safety and operation of roadways in South Carolina. Due to various site conditions that affect the safety and operations of roadways, highway design engineers often face many challenges when developing appropriate road design standards. To investigate specific site conditions for the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) a research study took place. In 2011, Part 1 of this research included field studies conducted by Kevin Baumann and Trey Jordan. Due to the various limitations of the field studies it was evident …
Hydrogeological And Thermal Sustainability Of Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers, S. Emad Dehkordi
Hydrogeological And Thermal Sustainability Of Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers, S. Emad Dehkordi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Assessment of the current approach taken by guidelines and design methods of vertical closed loop heat exchangers shows that often groundwater flow is either disregarded or is not methodically incorporated. The state of scientific research in this arena reveals that overlooking the groundwater flow in the design procedure may not always be a correct assumption. The significance of advective heat transport compared to conduction is defined by the groundwater flux or Darcy velocity which heavily depends on the hydraulic conductivity of the ground, followed by the hydraulic gradient which has a relatively limited range. A sensitivity analysis on ground and …
Numerical Evaluation Of Aerodynamic Roughness Of The Built Environment And Complex Terrain, Daniel S. Abdi
Numerical Evaluation Of Aerodynamic Roughness Of The Built Environment And Complex Terrain, Daniel S. Abdi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Aerodynamic drag in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is affected by the structure and density of obstacles (surface roughness) and nature of the terrain (topography). In building codes and standards, average roughness is usually determined somewhat subjectively by examination of aerial photographs. For detailed wind mapping, boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) testing is usually recommended. This may not be cost effective for many projects, in which case numerical studies become good alternatives. This thesis examines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for evaluation of aerodynamic roughness of the built environment and complex terrain.
The present study started from development of an in-house …