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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
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Characterization Of Calcium Homeostasis Parameters In Trpv3 And Cav3.2 Double Null Mice, Aujan Mehregan
Characterization Of Calcium Homeostasis Parameters In Trpv3 And Cav3.2 Double Null Mice, Aujan Mehregan
Masters Theses
In mammals, calcium influx is required for oocyte maturation and egg activation, as it supports the persistent calcium oscillations induced by fertilization. These oscillations are required for the initiation of embryo development. The molecular identities of the plasma membrane calcium-permeant channels that underlie calcium influx are not established. Among these channels, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid, member 3 (TRPV3) allows divalent cations, namely strontium (Sr2+) and calcium (Ca2+) with high permeability, into cells, and its expression pattern seems to predict an essential role in the initiation of development. Another channel that was identified to be expressed in …
Partial Craniofacial Cartilage Rescue In Ace/Fgf8 Mutants From Compensatory Signaling From The Ventricle Of Danio Rerio, Douglas A. Calenda Ii
Partial Craniofacial Cartilage Rescue In Ace/Fgf8 Mutants From Compensatory Signaling From The Ventricle Of Danio Rerio, Douglas A. Calenda Ii
Masters Theses
Examples of asymmetric organs are found throughout the animal kingdom. Whether it is superficial like the fiddler crab’s claw or within an organism like our visceral organs, asymmetries have repeatedly evolved in nature. However, the genetic and developmental origins for asymmetric organ development remain unclear, especially for superficially paired structures. Within zebrafish, a striking example of asymmetry occurs within the ace/fgf8 mutant. The pharyngeal cartilages of these mutants develop asymmetrically 35% of the time, with more cartilages developing on the left or right side of the head, but the origins of this asymmetry are unknown. A significant proportion of mutants …
Defining The Immune Response And Cellular Pathologies In Multiple System Atrophy, Annamarie Valenti
Defining The Immune Response And Cellular Pathologies In Multiple System Atrophy, Annamarie Valenti
Masters Theses
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) in oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). A previous study in our lab used Affymetrix DNA microarray analysis to show the downregulation of various mitochondrial related genes, as well as the upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory/immune responses in MSA brain tissue. Therefore, it is hypothesized that an increased presence of immune proteins exists in the MSA brain accompanied by glial cell pathology including decreases in cell metabolism and cell viability. This study uses immunohistochemistry (IHC) to show the increased presence of CD68 …
The Role Of Calcium In Regulation Of Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor By Skeletal Muscle Cells, Alicia M. Boynton
The Role Of Calcium In Regulation Of Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor By Skeletal Muscle Cells, Alicia M. Boynton
Masters Theses
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an important signaling molecule for the somatic motor nervous system. GDNF protein is produced and secreted by skeletal muscle cells and helps maintain motor neuron innervation at the neuromuscular junction. Treatment with exogenous GDNF prevents denervation which is characteristic of aging and neurodegenerative disease. The therapeutic potential of GDNF cannot be fully explored without understanding the mechanisms by which GDNF protein production is regulated. The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of calcium in regulating GDNF protein expression by skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) were grown in …
Methylglyoxal Influences Development Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Via Heterochronic Pathway, Jiaying Wang
Methylglyoxal Influences Development Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Via Heterochronic Pathway, Jiaying Wang
Masters Theses
Methylglyoxal is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, which is widely distributed in food products and beverages, and is particularly high in Manuka honey. In addition to its antibacterial effects, methylglyoxal is also known as a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), that produces altered macromolecules (such as proteins and DNA), leading to abnormal physiological changes. However, the effects of methylglyoxal on development is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the role of methylglyoxal in this aspect using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Treatment of methylglyoxal at 0.1 mM and 1 mM for 48 h significantly inhibited …
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Of Wild Tomato Species During Fruit Development, Altynay Zhanayeva
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Of Wild Tomato Species During Fruit Development, Altynay Zhanayeva
Masters Theses
Fleshy fruits in different species can display large variation in color. A link between fruit color and seed dispersal success is suggested by previous studies showing that high intensity of fruit color increases the visitation rate in seed-dispersing birds. Wild tomato species (Solanum spp.) are excellent model organisms for research on genetic basis of differential fruit color development during the ripening process. Despite polymorphism in fruit color, all tomato species have yellow flowers due to accumulation of carotenoid pigments, which suggests that the carotenoid pathway is intact. Thus, regulatory changes controlling enzymes activity during fruit maturation are likely …
An Adult Zebrafish Brain Atlas To Investigate Shh Mediated Cell-Cell Signaling In Neurogenic Zones, Alyssa P. Lutservitz
An Adult Zebrafish Brain Atlas To Investigate Shh Mediated Cell-Cell Signaling In Neurogenic Zones, Alyssa P. Lutservitz
Masters Theses
Adult neurogenesis occurs in proliferative zones of the brain that contain neural progenitor cell populations capable of differentiating into specific cell types. However, we remain limited in our understanding of the signals that regulate neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in adults. Recently zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms behind adult neurogenesis, because sixteen proliferative zones remain active in the adult brains. Thousands of fluorescent transgenic reporter lines have been generated in zebrafish that reveal gene expression patterns of cell-cell signaling systems, some of which may regulate neurogenesis in these …
The Far C-Terminus Of Tpx2 Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Brett Estes
The Far C-Terminus Of Tpx2 Contributes To Spindle Morphogenesis, Brett Estes
Masters Theses
A cell must build a bipolar mitotic spindle in order to faithfully segregate replicated DNA. To do so, multiple microtubule nucleation pathways are utilized to generate the robust spindle apparatus. TPX2, a microtubule binding protein, holds crucial roles in both the Ran-dependent and Augmin-dependent pathways where microtubules are nucleated near the chromosomes and from pre-existing microtubules. However, the exact role TPX2 plays in branching microtubules is less understood. Here, we explored the effect of truncating the essential TPX2 C-terminal 37 amino acids on Augmin localization and branching microtubule activity. First, we depleted LLC-Pk1 cells of the Augmin subunit HAUS6 and …
The Role Of Creg1 As A Master Regulator Of Liver Function, Abdulrahman Siran Aldaghmi
The Role Of Creg1 As A Master Regulator Of Liver Function, Abdulrahman Siran Aldaghmi
Masters Theses
The liver is known as the chemical factory of the body because it performs a wide range of biochemical functions required for life. Since the liver has such an important role in regulation of normal physiological processes, liver diseases cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of liver development will shed light on the causes of liver disease. In this study, a cell line model that utilizes rat hepatoma cells (Fg14) and hepatoma variant cells (H11) was used to identify master regulators of liver gene expression. Whole genome expression studies identified the gene CREG1 (Cellular …
Metabolic And Morphologic Shifts In Neuro2a Cells Cultured In Galactose Medium, Leah Welker
Metabolic And Morphologic Shifts In Neuro2a Cells Cultured In Galactose Medium, Leah Welker
Masters Theses
It has been observed that highly-proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, rely mainly on glycolysis for ATP production, regardless of presence of oxygen. This effect, however, can be reversed by changing the main energy substrate in the medium from glucose to galactose. The oxidation of galactose in glycolysis yields less net ATP, presumably forcing the cell into OXPHOS. This has been established in many cell lines, including HeLA, HepG2, and skeletal muscle cells. As of yet, this has not been reproduced in neuronal cells. Using Neuro2a, a murine neuroblastoma cell line, this study exposes neuronal cells to galactose medium, and …