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- Adaptation, cheating, cooperation, evolution, social amoebae, symbiosis (1)
- Brain Evolution, Convergent Evolution, Gymnotiform, Mormyrid, Weakly Electric Fish (1)
- Cell death, mechanosensitive ion channel, membrane contact site, plant, signal transduction (1)
- Epigenetics, Mouse model, MYT1L, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Transcription Factor (1)
- FR900359, G protein, Inhibitor, smFRET, Uveal melanoma, YM-254890 (1)
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Inferring Adaptation In Social Microbes From Experimental Evolution Under Relaxed Selection, Tyler John Larsen
Inferring Adaptation In Social Microbes From Experimental Evolution Under Relaxed Selection, Tyler John Larsen
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Microbes exist against a backdrop of other organisms, and the interactions between microbes have major consequences on their traits, their evolution, and their impact on the world. Microbial interactions and the adaptations that enable them are extremely diverse – they can unlock abilities beyond the reach of individual cells or lead to a population’s destruction, they can be temporary or permanent, they can be between genetically identical cells or different species entirely. The first chapter of this dissertation reviews microbial interactions and the related concept of the evolution of conflict and cooperation.To be certain a trait is an adaptation at …
Cooperation And Conflict In The Social Amoeba Dictyostelium Discoideum And Its Paraburkholderia Endosymbionts, James Medina
Cooperation And Conflict In The Social Amoeba Dictyostelium Discoideum And Its Paraburkholderia Endosymbionts, James Medina
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A big question in biology is how organisms compete in an environment of competitors for scarce resources. Part of the answer lies in distinguishing friend from foe and in forging cooperative bonds in the face of cheaters. The social amoeba – bacteria system I have studied here is an excellent place to explore these tensions. The first part of my thesis research involves a review of cooperation and conflict in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and a study of the limits on obligate social cheating in this species. The second part focuses on the benefits of associating with D. discoideum …
Connections Between Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Msl10 And Er-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites, Jennette Marie Codjoe
Connections Between Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Msl10 And Er-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites, Jennette Marie Codjoe
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are an evolutionarily conserved way for cells to sense mechanical forces and transduce them into ionic signals. A plasma membrane-localized MS channel from Arabidopsis thaliana, MscS-Like (MSL)10, senses cell swelling and initiates a signaling cascade that triggers programmed cell death. Whereas the channel properties of MSL10 have been well studied, how MSL10 signals remains largely unknown. I worked collaboratively to show that important lesions for cell death signaling in the cytosolic N- and C-terminal domains of MSL10 interact genetically. I also helped show that ionic flux through MSL10 is dispensable for signaling, which suggested that MSL10 …
A Universal Mechanism Of G Protein Inhibition, Tyson Daniel Todd
A Universal Mechanism Of G Protein Inhibition, Tyson Daniel Todd
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
G protein coupled receptors transduce a truly staggering number of diverse extracellular signals including chemical messengers, physical force, and even photons into specific cellular responses through their coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins. G proteins amplify the originating signal through their binding to downstream effectors, activating a complex network of overlapping responses that allow the cell to respond perfectly to that specific stimulus. It is critical to the cell that this process is carried out faithfully in order to respond to the myriad environmental cues and avoid injury, exhaustion, and death for the individual cell or the development of pathology if …
The Role Of The Neurodevelopmental Disorder Gene Myt1l In Mammalian Brain Development, Jiayang Chen
The Role Of The Neurodevelopmental Disorder Gene Myt1l In Mammalian Brain Development, Jiayang Chen
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent human genetic studies have associated mutations in a gene called Myelin Transcription Factor 1 Like (MYT1L) with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Patients with MYT1L loss of function (LoF) mutations (MYT1L Syndrome patients) demonstrate shared symptoms such as microcephaly, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obesity. Despite prior studies showing MYT1L overexpression facilitates neuronal differentiation in vitro, its functions in vivo, especially in the mammalian brain, and how its mutation leads to human disease pathology remains poorly understood. Here, I established the first mouse model of MYT1L Syndrome mimicking a patient specific LoF mutation. I found mice with Myt1l heterozygous …
Roles Of Behavioral Novelty And Organismal Energetics In The Evolution Of Extreme Encephalization, Erika Laurie Schumacher
Roles Of Behavioral Novelty And Organismal Energetics In The Evolution Of Extreme Encephalization, Erika Laurie Schumacher
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Brains and their component brain regions vary widely in size and structure across vertebrates. However, extreme increases in total brain size relative to body size (extreme encephalization) and increases in specific major brain region sizes independent of other brain regions (mosaic brain evolution) are relatively rare. There are several hypotheses as to why, but the energetic cost of increased brain tissue and the regional interconnectedness in both brain development and function likely constrain how brains are able to change in response to selection. In this dissertation, I sought to address both how behavioral novelty relates to evolutionary changes in brain …