Digital Commons Network^™

“Unnatural, Filthy, Unclean And Positively Dangerous To Health And Life.”: Smallpox Vaccine Refusal And Sectional Violence In Montréal 1885, Mary M. Horman

Major Papers

Montreal was stricken by an epidemic of smallpox in the year 1885 which resulted in over 3,000 deaths and which lasted 15 months. The disease was brought into the city by a pullman conductor arriving on a train from Chicago. The city of Montréal Health Department was confident that they would be able to manage the initial outbreak easily because by 1885 smallpox was considered to be a vaccine preventable disease. Unfortunately, many errors were made by the Health Department in the initial outbreak that allowed the disease to escape into the city of Montreal, where it was greatly aided …

The 1900s Southwestern Ontario Sand Sucker Panic, Mary E. Baxter

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

During the early twentieth century, waterbed aggregate mining in the Great Lakes supplied sand and gravel for infrastructure development in the lakes’ shoreline communities. This thesis explores commercial dredging and its impacts at Lake Erie's Pelee Island and Point Pelee, and along the St. Clair River. The mostly transnational activity produced shoreline erosion that threatened agricultural operations, and sand suckers, the dredges that performed the mining, came to symbolize American capitalist exploitation in southwestern Ontario. Disputes arose over the extent of the erosion and affected relations between governments at all levels. Using government and business records, I argue that the …

“Anxious To Be Restored”: Managing War Neuroses In Interwar Canada, Heather Ellis

Canadian Military History

Using newly available records from the Veterans Affairs Pension Files, doctors’ notes and Veterans’ Hospital records, this article explores how war neurosis was simultaneously a personal and public event. Veterans were required to describe symptoms that breached masculine ideals to demonstrate that their disability impacted their daily lives. Ex-servicemen were caught in a delicate balance between following the soldier ideal and describing their symptoms accurately. War neurosis not only impacted veterans in the private examining room of the pension administrator it also affected their ability to find and maintain employment and the lives of their family members. The more public …

“When Wartime Friends Meet”: Great War Veteran Culture And The (Ab)Use Of Alcohol, Jonathan F. Vance

Canadian Military History

After the First World War, Canadian veterans created a culture that celebrated the camaraderie, sense of purpose, and light-hearted moments of their experience as soldiers. Much like the trench culture of the war years, it poked fun at misfortune, satirized the enemy, and presumed that a stiff drink could make any situation better. Veteran culture provided ex-soldiers in the 1920s and 1930s with the mutual support they needed to get through difficult times, but it was a milieu in which the excessive consumption of alcohol was accepted and even encouraged. This had little impact on the settled, well-adjusted veteran but …

Unsung Equine Heroes: An Analysis Of Equine Care And Management During The Great War, Emma E. Kuiack

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis explores the use of equines by the British Expeditionary Forces throughout the First World War, particularly examining various aspects of war equine care and management. It addresses the significance behind the use of these animals in the war before delving into the reality of how equines were cared for in terms of farrier work, skin care and management, feeding and watering, as well as psychological understandings of horses, donkeys, and mules. Through the implementation of various primary and secondary source materials, this thesis considers care mistakes that were made and the corrections that were enforced to alleviate injury …

Failoure On All Fronts: The United States Army In The First Year Of The War Of 1812, Gary H. Nobbs Jr.

History Theses

The United States declared war on the United Kingdom in the hopes of defending the nation's national honor. However, the United States Army was unprepared to go wage war. The army's supply system, militia system, and field commanders failed and led to a disastrous first year of conflict.

Après Kamloops, Le Déluge: Institutional Church, Indigenous Oppression And The Catholic Intellectual Tradition, Michael W. Higgins

Mission Integration & Ministry Publications

Editor’s Note: on May 27, 2021, it was announced that 215 unmarked graves were discovered on the grounds of a former residential school for Indigenous (“First Nations”) children in Kamloops, a town in the Canadian province of British Columbia. In the following weeks unmarked graves were also found at similar institutions in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and elsewhere in British Columbia. Between 1863 and 1998, more than 150,000 Indigenous children were taken from their families and placed in these boarding schools, which numbered more than 130, many of them, like Kamloops, the largest, operated by Roman Catholic religious orders. Opened in 1890, …

“Born Of A Spirit That Knows No Conquering:” Innovation, Contestation, And Representation In The Pcha, 1911-1924., Taylor Mckee

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) was a professional North American hockey league that operated from 1911 to 1924. With markets in Victoria, Vancouver, New Westminster, Seattle, and Portland, the bourgeoning league was a viable competitor to the NHA and offered a distinctive approach to the developing sport. Through innovations and rule changes, the PCHA made significant strides in player safety, in line with the vision of “clean” hockey promoted by the league’s founders, Frank and Lester Patrick. In turn, these innovations were represented through newspaper accounts from the period, which helped promote a modern, scientific, and highly-marketable brand of …

Orange Riots, Party Processions Acts, And The Control Of Public Space In Ireland And British North America, 1796-1851, Annie E. Tock

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the state’s effort to control public space by passing legislation to suppress Orange Order processions in Ireland and British North America between 1814 and 1851. By the early nineteenth century, annual July Twelfth parades commemorating William III’s victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 became occasions for violent sectarian clashes in the streets of Ireland, New Brunswick, and Canada as celebratory Protestant Orangemen clashed with resentful Catholic opponents. In 1832 the British Parliament sought to put an end to these riots by passing the Party Processions Act, which prohibited Orange processions in Ireland. The Legislative …

"Obstinate, Impertinent, Ill-Conditioned": Child Labor, Exploitation And Xenophobia In The British Home Children Movement, Hannah Lauren Palma

History

An examination of the British Home Children program as a movement rooted in child labor, misguided philanthropy, and the exploitation of poor child immigrants.

"The Men Were Sick Of The Place" : Soldier Illness And Environment In The War Of 1812, Joseph R. Miller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

War of 1812 scholarship has focused primarily on classic military studies of decisive battles. Likewise, scholarship on the experience of war essentially concentrates on how killing and combat effected the human psyche. This dissertation pursues a broader perspective. It examines the impact of the environment on the health of soldiers and emphasizes everyday conditions and environmental suffering. Veterans’ accounts typically elevate suffering in camp over combat. A substantive study of soldiers’ responses to daily environmental conditions demonstrates the importance of health management to the outcome of the War of 1812. Through case studies of health measures related to frontier conditions, …

“She Was A Disgrace To Her Sex” : Prostitution And Moral Panic In London, Ontario, 1880-1885, Margaret E. Ross

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis examines the lives and work of prostitutes in London, Ontario, from 1880 to 1885. The city’s sex trade was shaped by class, and women worked in upscale houses of ill-fame, disorderly houses, or on the streets. Prostitutes performed domestic and sexual labour in the same spaces, and their daughters often entered the sex trade, creating a multi-generational profession. In addition to class, a woman’s race and age shaped her experience in sex work and ability to protect her labour interests from local authorities. Sex workers increasingly became the target of repressive reform efforts from the city’s elites. Late-nineteenth …

Welcoming Strangers: Race, Religion, And Ethnicity In German Lutheran Ontario And Missouri, 1939-1970, Elliot Worsfold

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation examines how German-American and German-Canadian Lutherans in St. Louis, Missouri, and Waterloo County, Ontario, constructed their ethnic identities from the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 to 1970. Did German Lutherans understand their ethnicity as an identity to overcome, or as an identity worth preserving? What role did religion and race play in how they constructed their ethnic identities? It argues that German Lutherans in the Missouri and Canada Synods constructed a hybrid identity that sought to balance their competing ethnic, religious, racial, and national identities. It charts their experiences negotiating discrimination during the Second World …

Remembering Rebellion, Remembering Resistance: Collective Memory, Identity, And The Veterans Of 1869-70 And 1885, Matthew J. Mcrae

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This dissertation analyses two of the Canadian state’s earliest military operations through the lens of personal and collective memory: The Red River conflict of 1869-70 and the Northwest Campaign of 1885. Both campaigns were directed by the Canadian state against primarily Métis and First Nations opponents. In each case, resistance to Canadian hegemony was centered on, though not exclusively led by, Métis leader Louis Riel.

This project focuses on the various veteran communities that were created in the aftermath of these two events. On one side, there were the Canadian government soldiers who had served in the campaigns and were …

A Tale Of Two Sisters: Family Histories From The Strait Salish Borderlands, Katrina Jagodinsky

Department of History: Faculty Publications

Based on legal and genealogical records, this microhistory chronicles the difficult choices between whiteness and Indianness made by two Salish sisters and their biracial children in order to maintain their kinship networks throughout the Salish Sea borderlands between 1865 and 1919. While some of these choices obscured individual family members from historical records, reading their lives in tandem with other family members’ histories reveals remarkable persistence in the midst of dramatic racial and political transformation. Focused primarily on San Juan Island residents, this article suggests that indigenous and interracial family histories of the Pacific Northwest and other borderland regions in …

Reconciliation: All Our Relations, Kelly Laurila

Consensus

The author shares the national, community (local) and individual discourses taking place as they pertain to the reconciliation process that is happening with Indigenous and Settler peoples in Canada. Importantly, the author sheds light on a multitude of local efforts of reconciliation happening that have not yet made it to academic discourses and publications, but which could be instrumental in contributing to reconciliation. A key component emphasized in these reconciliation efforts and which could be the catalyst for change, is the importance of relationships. Stemming from an Indigenous epistemological perspective, the creation of positive relationships with others and ‘all our …

The 1907 Anti-Punjabi Hostilities In Washington State: Prelude To The Ghadar Movement, Paul Englesberg

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

Following months of harassment and threats, on September 4, 1907 a mob attacked and drove out over 200 South Asian laborers from Bellingham, Washington. Most of these immigrants, commonly referred to as “Hindus,” were Sikhs who had recently emigrated from Punjab to Canada and then crossed the border to work in large lumber mills. The goal of the rioters was to expel these workers from the mills and the city. In the months following, anti-Punjabi hostilities occurred in other locations in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, causing many more South Asian immigrants to flee back to Canada or …

Under His Own Flag: John Baker’S Gravestone Memorial In Retrospect, George L. Findlen

Maine History

John Baker is an enigmatic figure, half hero and half scoundrel His actions in raising the American flag on the north shore of the St. John River in July 1827, in defiance of British authorities, contributed to the tensions that resulted in the “Bloodless” Aroostook War in 1839, and this in turn provided the impetus for settling the U.S.-Canadian boundary along the St. John River according to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. Jn 1868 the State of Maine erected a monument of sorts to the memory of John Baker in a cemetery near Fort Fairfield. Pondering why the monument was …

“They Lynched Jim Cullen”: Story And Myth On The Northern Maine Frontier, Dena Lynn Winslow York

Maine History

James Cullen was born in 1846 in Peel, New Brunswick. In 1864 he applied for a grant of land and began a small farm near his father’s homestead. From there, events unfolded, as Cullen crossed the border, married Rosellah Twist, and became one of the most celebrated villains in Aroostook County history.

Timber Down The St. John: A Study In Maine-New Brunswick Relations, Richard W. Judd

Maine History

This article is an expanded version of a paper read at a meeting of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations - Forest History Group in Portland, Oregon, October 18-19, 1983. The meeting was sponsored by the Forest History Society, Santa Cruz, California, which published the proceedings of the meeting under the editorship of Harold K. Steen.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1962, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Friday, August 3, 1962, Saturday, August 4, 1962, Sunday, August 5, 1962, and Monday, August 6, 1962.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1961, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Saturday, July 29, 1961, Sunday, July 30, 1961, Monday, July 31, 1961, and Tuesday, August 1, 1961.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1959, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Saturday, August 1, 1959, Sunday, August 2, 1959, Monday, August 3, 1959, and Tuesday, August 4, 1959.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1958, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Saturday, August 2, 1958, Sunday, August 3, 1958, Monday, August 4, 1958, and Tuesday, August 5, 1958.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1957, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Saturday, August 3, 1957, Sunday, August 4, 1957, Monday, August 5, 1957, and Tuesday, August 6, 1957.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1952, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Saturday, July 26, 1952, Sunday, July 27, 1952, and Monday, July 28, 1952.

Emancipation Celebration Program 1948, Walter Perry, British-American Association Of Coloured Brothers, Canadian-American Association Of Black Brothers Of Ontario

Windsor Emancipation Celebration Programs

The Emancipation Celebrations were held on Saturday, July 31, 1948, Sunday, August 1, 1948, and Monday, August 2, 1948.

Tourist Guidebook Of Ontario 1930, J. D. Mcalpine

SWODA: Windsor & Region Publications

Official tourist guidebook of Ontario; published for the Essex County Automobile Club.

Canadian Achievement In The Province Of Ontario Vol. 1 The Detroit River District, Hugh Cowan

SWODA: Windsor & Region Publications

This volume is the first of the contemplated series. It narrates the settlement and development of the Detroit River, or Western District, until after the close of the War of American Invasion, 1812-1815, the locality where, in 1701, was established the first French colony of the west, the story of which, and the subsequent developments therefrom, constitute the first chapter in the history of the Province.

Men Of Achievement, Essex County, Volume 2, Francis X. Chauvin

SWODA: Windsor & Region Publications

Biographies of prominent male citizens of Essex County, Ontario.