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Framing Second Generation Gender Bias: Implications For Women's Entrepreneurship, Ethne Swartz, Frances Amatucci
Framing Second Generation Gender Bias: Implications For Women's Entrepreneurship, Ethne Swartz, Frances Amatucci
Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The effect of second generation gender bias or 'implicit bias' on women's careers is receiving greater attention. Recent research has linked second generation gender bias to the entrepreneurial process - in particular, term sheet negotiations and female entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship researchers have not integrated the labor economics literature on the gender wage gap - a structural impediment that shapes the options that women have in terms of careers and entrepreneurship, including negotiation. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary analytical framework for understanding second generation gender bias female entrepreneurs encounter as a barrier to success.
Still A Man's World? Second Generation Gender Bias In External Equity Term Sheet Negotiations, Ethne Swartz, Frances M. Amatucci, Susan Coleman
Still A Man's World? Second Generation Gender Bias In External Equity Term Sheet Negotiations, Ethne Swartz, Frances M. Amatucci, Susan Coleman
Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Women increasingly start and lead growth ventures yet receive a small proportion of external equity funding. Term sheet negotiation is a pivotal moment for obtaining growth capital. We employ a multi-method, mixed mode research design to explore strategies of women entrepreneurs who have negotiated term sheets and discuss our quantitative findings. Results indicate that women entrepreneurs in our sample worked hard to achieve optimal outcomes yet come up short because of exogenous and endogenous factors linked to second generation gender bias in the negotiation process. Propositions for future research are generated given the results of this exploratory research.
Women On Boards: Do They Affect Sustainability Reporting?, Belen Fernandez-Feijoo, Silvia Romero, Silvia Ruiz-Blanco
Women On Boards: Do They Affect Sustainability Reporting?, Belen Fernandez-Feijoo, Silvia Romero, Silvia Ruiz-Blanco
Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Sustainable reports are the basic tool used to reflect and communicate stakeholder dialogue. Therefore, sustainability reporting has become a key element for strategic management. Companies' strategies are defined and developed by their boards of directors. This study explores the relationship between sustainability reporting and the existence of at least three women on the board of directors. Our results show that in countries with a higher proportion of boards of directors with at least three women, the levels of CSR reporting are higher. We also find that countries with higher gender equality have more companies with boards of directors with at …
Through A Fractured Lens: Women Entrepreneurs And The Private Equity Negotiation Process, Frances M. Amatucci, Ethne Swartz
Through A Fractured Lens: Women Entrepreneurs And The Private Equity Negotiation Process, Frances M. Amatucci, Ethne Swartz
Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Access to financial resources remains an important aspect of new venture start-up and growth strategies. While women still obtain a small amount of total private equity investment, they are increasingly involved in developing high growth ventures which may be attractive investment opportunities for venture capitalists and business angels. Contract, or term sheet, negotiation is an important stage of the investment process. Although gender-related differences in negotiation styles are well documented in other fields, they have not been examined in entrepreneurship. This research utilizes a mixed method study of gender and negotiation strategies employed during the private equity investment process.
Indian Consumers' Brand Equity Toward A Us And Local Apparel Brand, Hyun Joo Lee, Archana Kumar, Youn Kyung Kim
Indian Consumers' Brand Equity Toward A Us And Local Apparel Brand, Hyun Joo Lee, Archana Kumar, Youn Kyung Kim
Department of Marketing Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine effects of gender, need for uniqueness, and attitudes toward American products on dimensions of brand equity for a US and local apparel brand in the Indian market. Design/methodology/approach: Three dimensions of brand equity are evaluated based on the respondents' shopping experience related to the selected US and local apparel brands. Data are collected from a convenience sample of college students in India. Findings: The empirical tests show that, for a US apparel brand, there are direct and indirect effects of Indian consumers' gender, need for uniqueness (NFU), and attitudes toward American …