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Articles 1 - 30 of 227
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Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard
Importance Of Growth Rate On Hg And Pcb Bioaccumulation In Fish, Jiajia Li, G Douglas Haffner, Gordon Paterson, David M. Walters, Michael D. Burtnyk, Ken G. Drouillard
Biological Sciences Publications
To evaluate the effect of fish growth on mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulation, a non-steady state toxicokinetic model, combined with a Wisconsin bioenergetics model, was developed to simulate Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model was validated by comparing observed versus predicted Hg and PCB 180 concentrations across 5 age classes from five different waterbodies across North America. The non-steady state model generated accurate predictions for Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in three of five waterbodies: Apsey, Sharbot and Stonelick Lake. The poor performance of the model for the Detroit River and Lake Hartwell, which were …
Standing Genetic Diversity And Selection At Functional Gene Loci Are Associated With Differential Invasion Success In Two Non‐Native Fish Species, Kyle Wellband, Harri Pettitt-Wade, Aaron T. Fisk, Daniel D. Heath
Standing Genetic Diversity And Selection At Functional Gene Loci Are Associated With Differential Invasion Success In Two Non‐Native Fish Species, Kyle Wellband, Harri Pettitt-Wade, Aaron T. Fisk, Daniel D. Heath
Biological Sciences Publications
Invasive species are expected to experience a unique combination of high genetic drift due to demographic factors while also experiencing strong selective pressures. The paradigm that reduced genetic diversity should limit the evolutionary potential of invasive species and thus their potential for range expansion has received little empirical support, possibly due to the choice of genetic markers. Our goal was to test for effects of genetic drift and selection at functional genetic markers as they relate to the invasion success of two paired invasive goby species, one widespread (successful) and one with limited range expansion (less successful). We genotyped fish …
Phenotypic Integration Of Behavioural And Physiological Traits Is Related To Variation In Growth Among Stocks Of Chinook Salmon, Mitchel G.E. Dender, Pauline M. Capelle, Oliver P. Love, Daniel D. Heath, Christina A. Semeniuk
Phenotypic Integration Of Behavioural And Physiological Traits Is Related To Variation In Growth Among Stocks Of Chinook Salmon, Mitchel G.E. Dender, Pauline M. Capelle, Oliver P. Love, Daniel D. Heath, Christina A. Semeniuk
Biological Sciences Publications
The selection for a single organismal trait like growth in breeding programs of farmed aquaculture species can counter-intuitively lead to lowered harvestable biomass. We outbred a domesticated aquaculture stock of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with 7 wild stocks from British Columbia, Canada. We then examined how functionally related traits underlying energy management - diel variation in cortisol; foraging, social, and movement behaviours - predicted stock-level variation in growth during the freshwater life history stage, a performance metric under aquaculture selection. Outbreeding generated significant variation in diel cortisol secretion and behaviours across stocks, and these traits covaried, suggesting tight integration despite …
Phenotypic Integration Of Behavioural And Physiological Traits Is Related To Variation In Growth Among Stocks Of Chinook Salmon, Mitchel G.E. Dender, Pauline M. Capelle, Oliver P. Love, Daniel D. Heath
Phenotypic Integration Of Behavioural And Physiological Traits Is Related To Variation In Growth Among Stocks Of Chinook Salmon, Mitchel G.E. Dender, Pauline M. Capelle, Oliver P. Love, Daniel D. Heath
Biological Sciences Publications
The selection for a single organismal trait like growth in breeding programs of farmed aquaculture species can counter-intuitively lead to lowered harvestable biomass. We outbred a domesticated aquaculture stock of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with 7 wild stocks from British Columbia, Canada. We then examined how functionally related traits underlying energy management - diel variation in cortisol; foraging, social, and movement behaviours - predicted stock-level variation in growth during the freshwater life history stage, a performance metric under aquaculture selection. Outbreeding generated significant variation in diel cortisol secretion and behaviours across stocks, and these traits covaried, suggesting tight integration despite …
A Global Perspective On The Trophic Geography Of Sharks, Christopher S. Bird, Ana Veríssimo, Sarah Magozzi, Kátya G. Abrantes, Alex Aguilar, Hassan Al-Reasi, Adam Barnett, Dana M. Bethea, Gérard Biais, Nigel E. Hussey
A Global Perspective On The Trophic Geography Of Sharks, Christopher S. Bird, Ana Veríssimo, Sarah Magozzi, Kátya G. Abrantes, Alex Aguilar, Hassan Al-Reasi, Adam Barnett, Dana M. Bethea, Gérard Biais, Nigel E. Hussey
Biological Sciences Publications
Carbon isotopic analysis reveals global biogeographic traits in shark trophic interactions, and sheds light on the diverse foraging behaviour of sharks.
Il-10 Correlates With The Expression Of Carboxypeptidase B2 And Lymphovascular Invasion In Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Potential Role Of Tumor Infiltrated Macrophages, Hossam T. Mohamed, Noura El-Husseiny, Eslam A. El-Ghonaimy, Sherif A. Ibrahim, Zainab A. Bazzi, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Michael B. Boffa, Mohamed El-Shinawi, Mona M. Mohamed
Il-10 Correlates With The Expression Of Carboxypeptidase B2 And Lymphovascular Invasion In Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Potential Role Of Tumor Infiltrated Macrophages, Hossam T. Mohamed, Noura El-Husseiny, Eslam A. El-Ghonaimy, Sherif A. Ibrahim, Zainab A. Bazzi, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Michael B. Boffa, Mohamed El-Shinawi, Mona M. Mohamed
Biological Sciences Publications
Pro-carboxypeptidase B2 (pro-CPB2) or thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a glycoprotein encoded by the CPB2 gene and deregulated in several cancer types, including breast cancer. Thrombin binding to thrombomodulin (TM), encoded by THBD, is important for TAFI activation. CPB2 gene expression is influenced by genetic polymorphism and cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-10). Our previous results showed that tumor infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (CD14+/CD16+) isolated from inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) patients’ secrete high levels of IL-10. The aim of the present study is to test genetic polymorphism and expression of CPB2 in healthy breast tissues and carcinoma tissues of non-IBC and IBC …
Optimization And Performance Testing Of A Sequence Processing Pipeline Applied To Detection Of Nonindigenous Species, Ryan Scott, Aibin Zhan, Emily A. Brown, Frédéric J.J. Chain, Melania E. Cristescu, Robin Gras, Hugh J. Macisaac
Optimization And Performance Testing Of A Sequence Processing Pipeline Applied To Detection Of Nonindigenous Species, Ryan Scott, Aibin Zhan, Emily A. Brown, Frédéric J.J. Chain, Melania E. Cristescu, Robin Gras, Hugh J. Macisaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Genetic taxonomic assignment can be more sensitive than morphological taxonomic assignment, particularly for small, cryptic or rare species. Sequence processing is essential to taxonomic assignment, but can also produce errors because optimal parameters are not known a priori. Here, we explored how sequence processing parameters influence taxonomic assignment of 18S sequences from bulk zooplankton samples produced by 454 pyrosequencing. We optimized a sequence processing pipeline for two common research goals, estimation of species richness and early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS), and then tested most optimal models’ performances through simulations. We tested 1,050 parameter sets on 18S sequences from …
Mark Report Satellite Tags (Mrpats) To Detail Large-Scale Horizontal Movements Of Deep Water Species: First Results For The Greenland Shark (Somniosus Microcephalus), Nigel E. Hussey, Jack Orr, Aaron T. Fisk, Kevin J. Hedges, Steven H. Ferguson, Amanda N. Barkley
Mark Report Satellite Tags (Mrpats) To Detail Large-Scale Horizontal Movements Of Deep Water Species: First Results For The Greenland Shark (Somniosus Microcephalus), Nigel E. Hussey, Jack Orr, Aaron T. Fisk, Kevin J. Hedges, Steven H. Ferguson, Amanda N. Barkley
Biological Sciences Publications
The deep-sea is increasingly viewed as a lucrative environment for the growth of resource extraction industries. To date, our ability to study deep-sea species lags behind that of those inhabiting the photic zone limiting scientific data available for management. In particular, knowledge of horizontal movements is restricted to two locations; capture and recapture, with no temporal information on absolute animal locations between endpoints. To elucidate the horizontal movements of a large deep-sea fish, a novel tagging approach was adopted using the smallest available prototype satellite tag – the mark-report satellite tag (mrPAT). Five Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) were equipped with …
Mercury Exposure And Short-Term Consequences On Physiology And Reproduction In Antarctic Petrels, Alice Carravieri, Jérôme Fort, Arnaud Tarroux, Yves Cherel, Oliver P. Love, Solène Prieur, Maud Brault-Favrou, Paco Bustamante, Sébastien Descamps
Mercury Exposure And Short-Term Consequences On Physiology And Reproduction In Antarctic Petrels, Alice Carravieri, Jérôme Fort, Arnaud Tarroux, Yves Cherel, Oliver P. Love, Solène Prieur, Maud Brault-Favrou, Paco Bustamante, Sébastien Descamps
Biological Sciences Publications
Mercury (Hg) is a pervasive contaminant reaching Antarctic environments through atmospheric transport and deposition. Seabirds as meso to top predators can accumulate high quantities of Hg through diet. Reproduction is one of the most sensitive endpoints of Hg toxicity in marine birds. Yet, few studies have explored Hg exposure and effects in Antarctic seabirds, where increasing environmental perturbations challenge animal populations. This study focuses on the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica from Svarthamaren, Antarctica, where the world's largest breeding population is thought to be in decline. Hg and the stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C, proxy of feeding habitat) and nitrogen (δ15N, …
Combining Ballast Water Treatment And Ballast Water Exchange: Reducing Colonization Pressure And Propagule Pressure Of Phytoplankton Organisms, Esteban M. Paolucci, Leila Ron, Hugh J. Macissaac
Combining Ballast Water Treatment And Ballast Water Exchange: Reducing Colonization Pressure And Propagule Pressure Of Phytoplankton Organisms, Esteban M. Paolucci, Leila Ron, Hugh J. Macissaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Species richness and species abundance (colonization pressure and propagule pressure, respectively) are commonly used to characterize invasion risk for ballast-water-mediated introductions, which can be high if either parameter is high. For practical reasons, the adopted IMO-D2 standard for organisms in discharged ballast water only considers total abundance of biological indicators, without consideration of species richness or source community. Here we explore the effect of ballast-water source, ballast water exchange, chlorination, or a combination of both (hybrid treatment) on both colonization pressure and propagule pressure for one IMO-D2 size class (≥10 µm and <50 >µm; phytoplankton). A strong reduction of propagule pressure …
Integrating Techniques: A Review Of The Effects Of Anthropogenic Noise On Freshwater Fish, Megan Mickle, Dennis M. Higgs
Integrating Techniques: A Review Of The Effects Of Anthropogenic Noise On Freshwater Fish, Megan Mickle, Dennis M. Higgs
Biological Sciences Publications
In recent years, the effects of anthropogenic noise on freshwater fish has been of increasing interest for fishery managers due to rising levels of this background noise. While it is clear that anthropogenic noise can have important impacts on mammals and marine fish, much less is known about these effects in fresh water. The influence of anthropogenic noise on freshwater fish can be quantified using the same methods as with marine species — through measuring changes in behavioural and physiological outputs. Here, we briefly review the literature regarding behavioural and physiological impacts of noise pollution on freshwater fish and further …
Sperm Competition, But Not Major Histocompatibility Divergence, Drive Differential Fertilization Success Between Alternative Reproductive Tactics In Chinook Salmon, Sarah J. Lehnert, Leila Helou, Trevor E. Pitcher, J. W. Heath, Daniel Heath
Sperm Competition, But Not Major Histocompatibility Divergence, Drive Differential Fertilization Success Between Alternative Reproductive Tactics In Chinook Salmon, Sarah J. Lehnert, Leila Helou, Trevor E. Pitcher, J. W. Heath, Daniel Heath
Biological Sciences Publications
Post-copulatory sexual selection processes, including sperm competition and cryptic female choice (CFC), can operate based on major histocompatibility (MH) genes. We investigated sperm competition between male alternative reproductive tactics (jack (sneaker) and hooknose (guard)) of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Using a full factorial design, we examined in vitro competitive fertilization success of paired jack and hooknose males at three time points after sperm activation (0, 15 and 60 seconds) to test for male competition, CFC and time effects on male fertilization success. We also examined egg-mediated CFC at two MH genes by examining both the relationship between competitive fertilization success …
Invasion Science: Looking Forward Rather Than Revisiting Old Ground – A Reply To Zenni Et Al., Anthony Ricciardi, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Jamie T.A. Dick, Philip E. Hulme, Josephine C. Iacarella, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Andrew M. Liebhold, Julie L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Gregory M. Ruiz, Daniel Simberloff, William J. Sutherland, David A. Wardle, David C. Aldridge
Invasion Science: Looking Forward Rather Than Revisiting Old Ground – A Reply To Zenni Et Al., Anthony Ricciardi, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Jamie T.A. Dick, Philip E. Hulme, Josephine C. Iacarella, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Andrew M. Liebhold, Julie L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Gregory M. Ruiz, Daniel Simberloff, William J. Sutherland, David A. Wardle, David C. Aldridge
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Stable Isotopes Can Be Used To Infer The Overwintering Locations Of Prebreeding Marine Birds In The Canadian Arctic, Rolanda J. Steenweg, Glenn T. Crossin, T. Kurt Kyser, Flemming R. Merkel, Hugh G. Gilchrist, Holly L. Hennin, Gregory J. Robertson, Jennifer F. Provencher, Joanna M. Flemming, Oliver P. Love
Stable Isotopes Can Be Used To Infer The Overwintering Locations Of Prebreeding Marine Birds In The Canadian Arctic, Rolanda J. Steenweg, Glenn T. Crossin, T. Kurt Kyser, Flemming R. Merkel, Hugh G. Gilchrist, Holly L. Hennin, Gregory J. Robertson, Jennifer F. Provencher, Joanna M. Flemming, Oliver P. Love
Biological Sciences Publications
Although assessments of winter carryover effects on fitness-related breeding parameters are vital for determining the links between environmental variation and fitness, direct methods of determining overwintering distributions (e.g., electronic tracking) can be expensive, limiting the number of individuals studied. Alternatively, stable isotope analysis in specific tissues can be used as an indirect means of determining individual overwintering areas of residency. Although increasingly used to infer the overwintering distributions of terrestrial birds, stable isotopes have been used less often to infer overwintering areas of marine birds. Using Arctic-breeding common eiders, we test the effectiveness of an integrated stable isotope approach (13-carbon, …
Conservation Of Reef Manta Rays (Manta Alfredi) In A Unesco World Heritage Site: Large-Scale Island Development Or Sustainable Tourism?, S. T. Kessel, Nasreldin Alhasan Elamin, David James Yurkowski, T. Chekchak, Ryan P. Walter, R. Klaus, Graham Hill, Nigel E. Hussey
Conservation Of Reef Manta Rays (Manta Alfredi) In A Unesco World Heritage Site: Large-Scale Island Development Or Sustainable Tourism?, S. T. Kessel, Nasreldin Alhasan Elamin, David James Yurkowski, T. Chekchak, Ryan P. Walter, R. Klaus, Graham Hill, Nigel E. Hussey
Biological Sciences Publications
A large reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) aggregation has been observed off the north Sudanese Red Sea coast since the 1950s. Sightings have been predominantly within the boundaries of a marine protected area (MPA), which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2016. Contrasting economic development trajectories have been proposed for the area (small-scale ecotourism and large-scale island development). To examine space-use, Wildlife Computers® SPOT 5 tags were secured to three manta rays. A two-state switching Bayesian state space model (BSSM), that allowed movement parameters to switch between resident and travelling, was fit to the …
Dispersal Influences Genetic And Acoustic Spatial Structure For Both Males And Females In A Tropical Songbird, Brendan Graham, Daniel D. Heath, Daniel J. Mennill
Dispersal Influences Genetic And Acoustic Spatial Structure For Both Males And Females In A Tropical Songbird, Brendan Graham, Daniel D. Heath, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
Animals exhibit diverse dispersal strategies, including sex-biased dispersal, a phenomenon common in vertebrates. Dispersal influences the genetic structure of populations as well as geographic variation in phenotypic traits. Patterns of spatial genetic structure and geographic variation may vary between the sexes whenever males and females exhibit different dispersal behaviors. Here, we examine dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and spatial acoustic structure in Rufous-and-white Wrens, a year-round resident tropical bird. Both sexes sing in this species, allowing us to compare acoustic variation between males and females and examine the relationship between dispersal and song sharing for both sexes. Using a long-term dataset …
Higher Colonization Pressure Increases The Risk Of Sustaining Invasion By Invasive Non-Indigenous Species, Hugh J. Macissaac, Mattias L. Johansson
Higher Colonization Pressure Increases The Risk Of Sustaining Invasion By Invasive Non-Indigenous Species, Hugh J. Macissaac, Mattias L. Johansson
Biological Sciences Publications
Considerable attention has been focused on the concept of Propagule Pressure (number of individuals introduced and introduction events) as a predictor of invasion success (975 papers). Much less well studied is the role of Colonization Pressure (number of species introduced; 24 studies), the complement of propagule pressure. Here we review the invasion history of the Laurentian Great Lakes to predict the risk of a future invasive (i.e. producing adverse ecological effects on other species) non-indigenous species based upon the number of species introduced (colonization pressure), using the recorded history of invasions in this system as our starting point. Historically, 52% …
Xenopus Pitx3 Target Genes Lhx1 And Xnr5 Are Identified Using A Novel Three-Fluor Flow Cytometry–Based Analysis Of Promoter Activation And Repression, Lara Nicole Hooker, Cristine Smoczer, Samuel Abbott, Mohamed Fakhereddin, John W. Hudson, Michael J. Crawford
Xenopus Pitx3 Target Genes Lhx1 And Xnr5 Are Identified Using A Novel Three-Fluor Flow Cytometry–Based Analysis Of Promoter Activation And Repression, Lara Nicole Hooker, Cristine Smoczer, Samuel Abbott, Mohamed Fakhereddin, John W. Hudson, Michael J. Crawford
Biological Sciences Publications
Background: Pitx3 plays a well understood role in directing development of lens, muscle fiber, and dopaminergic neurons; however, in Xenopus laevis, it may also play a role in early gastrulation and somitogenesis. Potential downstream targets of pitx3 possess multiple binding motifs that would not be readily accessible by conventional promoter analysis. Results: We isolated and characterized pitx3 target genes lhx1 and xnr5 using a novel three-fluor flow cytometry tool that was designed to dissect promoters with multiple binding sites for the same transcription factor. This approach was calibrated using a known pitx3 target gene, Tyrosine hydroxylase. Conclusions: We demonstrate how …
The Effects Of Stimulus Parameters On Auditory Evoked Potentials Of Carassius Auratus, Jessica R. Garabon, Dennis M. Higgs
The Effects Of Stimulus Parameters On Auditory Evoked Potentials Of Carassius Auratus, Jessica R. Garabon, Dennis M. Higgs
Biological Sciences Publications
Whole-brain responses to sound are easily measured through auditory evoked potentials (AEP), but it is unclear how differences in experimental parameters affect these responses. The effect of varying parameters is especially unclear in fish studies, the majority of which use simple sound types and then extrapolate to natural conditions. The current study investigated AEPs in goldfish (Carassius auratus) using sounds of different durations (5, 10, and 20 ms) and frequencies (200, 500, 600 and 700 Hz) to test stimulus effects on latency and thresholds. We quantified differences in latency and threshold in comparison to a 10-ms test tone, a duration …
Pathomimetic Avatars Reveal Divergent Roles Of Microenvironment In Invasive Transition Of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Mansoureh Sameni, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Omar E. E. Franco, Anita Chalasani, Kyungmin Ji, Neha Aggarwal, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Xuequn Chen, Raymond R. Mattingly, Simon W. Hayward, Bonnie F. Sloane
Pathomimetic Avatars Reveal Divergent Roles Of Microenvironment In Invasive Transition Of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Mansoureh Sameni, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Omar E. E. Franco, Anita Chalasani, Kyungmin Ji, Neha Aggarwal, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Xuequn Chen, Raymond R. Mattingly, Simon W. Hayward, Bonnie F. Sloane
Biological Sciences Publications
The breast tumor microenvironment regulates progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, it is unclear how interactions between breast epithelial and stromal cells can drive this progression and whether there are reliable microenvironmental biomarkers to predict transition of DCIS to IDC.
Evidence Of Sound Production By Spawning Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaycush) In Lakes Huron And Champlain, Nicholas S. Johnson, Dennis M. Higgs, Thomas R. Binder, Ellen J. Marsden, Tyler J. Buchinger, Steven Farha, Charles C. Krueger
Evidence Of Sound Production By Spawning Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaycush) In Lakes Huron And Champlain, Nicholas S. Johnson, Dennis M. Higgs, Thomas R. Binder, Ellen J. Marsden, Tyler J. Buchinger, Steven Farha, Charles C. Krueger
Biological Sciences Publications
Two sounds associated with spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain were characterized by comparing sound recordings with behavioral data collected using acoustic telemetry and video. These sounds were named “growls” and “snaps” and were heard on lake trout spawning reefs, but not on a nonspawning reef, and were more common at night than during the day. Growls also occurred more often during the spawning period than the prespawning period, while the trend for snaps was reversed. In a laboratory flume, sounds occurred when male lake trout were displaying spawning behaviors: growls when males were …
Assessing Sexual Dicromatism: The Importance Of Proper Parameterization In Tetrachromatic Visual Models, Pierre-Paul Bitton, Kevyn Janisse, Stéphanie M. Doucet
Assessing Sexual Dicromatism: The Importance Of Proper Parameterization In Tetrachromatic Visual Models, Pierre-Paul Bitton, Kevyn Janisse, Stéphanie M. Doucet
Biological Sciences Publications
Perceptual models of animal vision have greatly contributed to our understanding of animal-animal and plant-animal communication. The receptor-noise model of color contrasts has been central to this research as it quantifies the difference between two colors for any visual system of interest. However, if the properties of the visual system are unknown, assumptions regarding parameter values must be made, generally with unknown consequences. In this study, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the receptor-noise model using avian visual system parameters to systematically investigate the influence of variation in light environment, photoreceptor sensitivities, photoreceptor densities, and light transmission properties of the …
Odorant Organization In The Olfactory Bulb Of The Sea Lamprey, Warren W. Green, Karl Boyes, Charrie Mcfadden, Gheylen Daghfous, François Auclair, Huiming Zhang, Weiming Li, Réjean Dubuc, Barbara Zielinski
Odorant Organization In The Olfactory Bulb Of The Sea Lamprey, Warren W. Green, Karl Boyes, Charrie Mcfadden, Gheylen Daghfous, François Auclair, Huiming Zhang, Weiming Li, Réjean Dubuc, Barbara Zielinski
Biological Sciences Publications
Skip to Next Section Olfactory sensory neurons innervate the olfactory bulb, where responses to different odorants generate a chemotopic map of increased neural activity within different bulbar regions. In this study, insight into the basal pattern of neural organization of the vertebrate olfactory bulb was gained by investigating the lamprey. Retrograde labelling established that lateral and dorsal bulbar territories receive the axons of sensory neurons broadly distributed in the main olfactory epithelium and that the medial region receives sensory neuron input only from neurons projecting from the accessory olfactory organ. The response duration for local field potential recordings was similar …
Organization Of Glomerular Territories In The Olfactory Bulb Of Post-Embryonic Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Cory L. Ochs, Tina Suntres, Alexandra Zygowska, Trevor E. Pitcher, Barbara Zielinski
Organization Of Glomerular Territories In The Olfactory Bulb Of Post-Embryonic Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Cory L. Ochs, Tina Suntres, Alexandra Zygowska, Trevor E. Pitcher, Barbara Zielinski
Biological Sciences Publications
The post-embryonic odor imprinting paradigm suggests Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) acquire memory to stream-specific amino acid olfactory odors prior to emergence as fry. Because effects of olfactory experience on development can be examined by mapping olfactory sensory neurons extending into distinct territories of glomerular neuropil in the olfactory bulb, glomerular patterning from early yolk-sac larva to fry was documented in wild salmonids, a temporal scale not yet thoroughly explored. Labeling olfactory sensory neurons with anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (anti-KLH) revealed seven spatially conserved glomerular territories visible at hatch and well established by the late yolk-sac larva developmental stage. Because of the …
A Population-Level Analysis Of Morning Song: Exploring The Implications For Point Counts, Jennifer R. Foote, Lauren P. Fitzsimmons, Lynnea M. Lobert, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, Daniel J. Mennill
A Population-Level Analysis Of Morning Song: Exploring The Implications For Point Counts, Jennifer R. Foote, Lauren P. Fitzsimmons, Lynnea M. Lobert, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
Point counts are widely used for conducting ecological surveys of wild birds. Vocal output of birds varies with time of day, and therefore the results of ecological surveys should also vary with time of day. We modeled how males’ singing rates change over the morning. We calculated song rates in 3 min sampling periods (the standard sampling period used by the North American Breeding Bird Survey) and compared how detection rates vary as sampling period increases. We recorded singing activity in 15 neighbourhoods of breeding Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) with 16-element microphone arrays that recorded every song from every male …
Attenuation And Modification Of The Ballast Water Microbial Community During Voyages Into The Canadian Arctic, M. L. Johansson, S. R. Chaganti, N. Simard, K. Howland, G. Winkler, A. Rochon, F. Laget, P. Tremblay, Daniel D. Heath, Hugh J. Macisaac
Attenuation And Modification Of The Ballast Water Microbial Community During Voyages Into The Canadian Arctic, M. L. Johansson, S. R. Chaganti, N. Simard, K. Howland, G. Winkler, A. Rochon, F. Laget, P. Tremblay, Daniel D. Heath, Hugh J. Macisaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Aim: Ballast water is a major vector of non-indigenous species introductions world-wide. Our understanding of population dynamics of organisms entrained in ballast is largely limited to studies of zooplankton and phytoplankton. Bacteria are more numerous and diverse than zooplankton or phytoplankton, yet remain comparatively understudied. We apply a metagenomics approach to characterize changes in the microbial ballast water community over the course of three voyages on one ship, and assess the effects of ballast water exchange (BWE), spring/summer sampling month and time since voyage start. Location: Quebec City and Deception Bay, Quebec, and the coastal marine region offshore of eastern …
Invader Relative Impact Potential: A New Metric To Understand And Predict The Ecological Impacts Of Existing, Emerging And Future Invasive Alien Species, J. T.A. Dick, C. Laverty, J. J. Lennon, D. Barrios-O'Neill, P. J. Mensink, Robert J. Britton, V. Médoc, P. Boets, M. E. Alexander, N. G. Taylor, A. M. Dunn, M. J. Hatcher, P. J. Rosewarne, S. Crookes, Hugh J. Macisaac, M. Xu, A. Ricciardi, R. J. Wasserman, B. R. Ellender, O. L.F. Weyl, F. E. Lucy, P. B. Banks, J. A. Dodd, C. Macneil, M. R. Penk, D. C. Aldridge, J. M. Caffrey
Invader Relative Impact Potential: A New Metric To Understand And Predict The Ecological Impacts Of Existing, Emerging And Future Invasive Alien Species, J. T.A. Dick, C. Laverty, J. J. Lennon, D. Barrios-O'Neill, P. J. Mensink, Robert J. Britton, V. Médoc, P. Boets, M. E. Alexander, N. G. Taylor, A. M. Dunn, M. J. Hatcher, P. J. Rosewarne, S. Crookes, Hugh J. Macisaac, M. Xu, A. Ricciardi, R. J. Wasserman, B. R. Ellender, O. L.F. Weyl, F. E. Lucy, P. B. Banks, J. A. Dodd, C. Macneil, M. R. Penk, D. C. Aldridge, J. M. Caffrey
Biological Sciences Publications
Predictions of the identities and ecological impacts of invasive alien species are critical for risk assessment, but presently we lack universal and standardized metrics that reliably predict the likelihood and degree of impact of such invaders (i.e. measurable changes in populations of affected species). This need is especially pressing for emerging and potential future invaders that have no invasion history. Such a metric would also ideally apply across diverse taxonomic and trophic groups. We derive a new metric of invader ecological impact that blends: (i) the classic Functional Response (FR; consumer per capita effect) and Numerical Response (NR; consumer population …
Invasion Science: A Horizon Scan Of Emerging Challenges And Opportunities, A. Ricciardi, T. M. Blackburn, J. T. Carlton, J. T.A. Dick, P. E. Hulme, J. C. Iacarella, J. M. Jeschke, A. M. Liebhold, J. L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, P. Pyšek, D. M. Richardson, G. M. Ruiz, D. Simberloff, W. J. Sutherland, D. A. Wardle, D. C. Aldridge
Invasion Science: A Horizon Scan Of Emerging Challenges And Opportunities, A. Ricciardi, T. M. Blackburn, J. T. Carlton, J. T.A. Dick, P. E. Hulme, J. C. Iacarella, J. M. Jeschke, A. M. Liebhold, J. L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, P. Pyšek, D. M. Richardson, G. M. Ruiz, D. Simberloff, W. J. Sutherland, D. A. Wardle, D. C. Aldridge
Biological Sciences Publications
We identified emerging scientific, technological, and sociopolitical issues likely to affect how biological invasions are studied and managed over the next two decades. Issues were ranked according to their probability of emergence, pervasiveness, potential impact, and novelty. Top-ranked issues include the application of genomic modification tools to control invasions, effects of Arctic globalization on invasion risk in the Northern Hemisphere, commercial use of microbes to facilitate crop production, the emergence of invasive microbial pathogens, and the fate of intercontinental trade agreements. These diverse issues suggest an expanding interdisciplinary role for invasion science in biosecurity and ecosystem management, burgeoning applications of …
Modeling Sampling Strategies For Determination Of Zooplankton Abundance In Ballast Water, M. R. Hernandez, M. L. Johansson, Y. Xiao, M. A. Lewis, Hugh J. Macisaac
Modeling Sampling Strategies For Determination Of Zooplankton Abundance In Ballast Water, M. R. Hernandez, M. L. Johansson, Y. Xiao, M. A. Lewis, Hugh J. Macisaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Ballast water has been a major source of non-indigenous species introductions. The International Maritime Organization has proposed performance standard that will establish an upper limit for viable organisms in discharged ballast. Here we test different sampling efforts for zooplankton in ballast water on a commercial vessel. We fit different probability density functions to find the most representative and evaluated sampling efforts necessary to achieve error rates (α, β) of < 0.05. Our tests encompassed four seasonal trials and five sample volumes. To estimate error rates, we performed simulations which drew from 1 to 30 replicates of each volume (0.10–3.00m3) for mean densities ranging between 1 and 20 organisms m− 3. Fieldwork and simulations suggested that > 0.5 m3samples had the best accuracy and precision, and that the Poisson distribution fit these communities best. This study provides the first field test of a sampling strategy to assess compliance …
Investigating Sources And Sinks Of N2o Expression From Freshwater Microbial Communities In Urban Watershed Sediments, C. Weisener, J. Lee, S. R. Chaganti, T. Reid, N. Falk, Ken G. Drouillard
Investigating Sources And Sinks Of N2o Expression From Freshwater Microbial Communities In Urban Watershed Sediments, C. Weisener, J. Lee, S. R. Chaganti, T. Reid, N. Falk, Ken G. Drouillard
Biological Sciences Publications
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serve as point-source inputs for a variety of nutrients often dominated by nitrogenous compounds as a result of anthropogenic influence. These effluents can impact biogeochemical cycles in freshwater estuaries, influencing microbial communities in both the water and sediment compartments. To assess the impact of point source nutrients, a transect of sediment and pore water samples were collected from 4 locations in the Little River Sub-watershed including locations above and below the Little River Pollution Control Plant (LRPCP). Variation in chemistry and microbial community/gene expression revealed significant influences of the effluent discharge on the adjacent sediments. Phosphorus …