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Articles 1 - 30 of 35
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Venomic Characterization Of A Medically Relevant Rear-Fanged Snake, Conophis Lineatus (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae), From Middle America, Tristan Schramer
Venomic Characterization Of A Medically Relevant Rear-Fanged Snake, Conophis Lineatus (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae), From Middle America, Tristan Schramer
All Theses
Most traditional research on snake venoms has focused on front-fanged snake families (Viperidae, Elapidae, and Atractaspididae). However, venom is now generally accepted as being a much more broadly possessed trait within snakes, including species traditionally considered harmless. Unfortunately, due to historical inertia and methodological challenges, the toxin repertoires of non-front-fanged snake families (e.g., Colubridae, Dipsadidae, and Natricidae) have been heavily neglected despite the knowledge of numerous species capable of inflicting medically relevant envenomations. Integrating proteomic data for validation, we perform a de novo assembly and analysis of the Duvernoy’s venom gland transcriptome of the Central American Road Guarder (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae: …
The Effects Of Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications On The Flagellar Motility Of Trypanosoma Brucei, Katherine Wentworth
The Effects Of Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications On The Flagellar Motility Of Trypanosoma Brucei, Katherine Wentworth
All Theses
Trypanosoma brucei is a parasitic kinetoplastid that causes African trypanosomiasis and is transmitted to a mammalian host by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). T. brucei relies on its flagellar motility to carry out its morphological changes from the procyclic form (predominant in the fly vector) to the bloodstream form (infectious form in mammals) and navigate the bloodstream of its host. The driving structure within the flagellum is the axoneme, which is composed of microtubules and dynein motor proteins. The tubulin code hypothesis suggests that cells regulate microtubule motor protein activity through post-translational modifications (PTMs) of alpha and beta …
Activation Of The Ppar Nuclear Receptors By Oxylipins And Their Potential Effects On Differentiation And Gene Expression In Myocytes, Jazmine Eccles
Activation Of The Ppar Nuclear Receptors By Oxylipins And Their Potential Effects On Differentiation And Gene Expression In Myocytes, Jazmine Eccles
All Theses
Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases are a growing issue worldwide. Decreased expression of CYP2B6 is associated with obesity in humans and Cyp2b-null mice are diet-induced obese; however fatty liver disease is worse in humanized CYP2B6 transgenic mice than WT or Cyp2b-null mice despite lower obesity. CYP2B6 produces several oxylipins with preference for metabolism at the 9- and 13-positions with 9-HODE and 13-HODE (from linoleic acid; n-6), and 9-HOTrE and 13-HOTrE (from a-linolenic acid; n-3) preferentially produced. Oxylipins serve as signaling molecules for many processes, such as inflammatory pathways, lipid distribution, and lipid metabolism. Due to their diversity, oxylipins can …
Evaluating The Impact Of Intersecting Research And Outreach Marine Science Programs On Elementary And Undergraduate Students, Randi J. Sims
Evaluating The Impact Of Intersecting Research And Outreach Marine Science Programs On Elementary And Undergraduate Students, Randi J. Sims
All Theses
Climate change is one of the most destructive forces our ocean is currently experiencing. Despite this, many students are not taught the basics of climate change science and ocean literacy in public school systems. My work seeks to combat these deficits through educational experiences in marine science for undergraduate and local elementary students through three studies incorporating marine-science based research and outreach. (1) Through undergraduate marine science research and outreach, students enrolled for long durations or with positive mentorship increased their conceptual understanding of marine science concepts, altered their attitudes towards climate change and science, and were more likely to …
The Presence And Distribution Of Crotoxin In The Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus Lepidus), Jade Mellor
The Presence And Distribution Of Crotoxin In The Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus Lepidus), Jade Mellor
All Theses
Crotoxin and its homologs (hereafter all referred to as CTx) is a highly lethal heterodimeric beta-neurotoxin found in pitvipers (Crotalinae) and is the main driver of neurotoxic venom phenotypes (Type II). In contrast, hemorrhagic venom phenotypes (Type I) are characterized by high snake venom metalloproteinase expression and low toxicity. Although many rattlesnake species have been classified as either Type I or Type II, population level variation in venom phenotype has also been documented in several species. The presence or absence of CTx is the main component of this variation in venom phenotype and has been most widely studied in large-bodied …
Characterization Of Larval Lepidopteran Gut Stem Cell Markers, Zilan Li
Characterization Of Larval Lepidopteran Gut Stem Cell Markers, Zilan Li
All Theses
The larval lepidopteran midgut is a complex tissue system that shows significant structure-function relationships related to its roles in digestive and absorptive processes. δ-endotoxins (Cry toxins) produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis disrupt the midgut epithelium of target insects has been used extensively to control pests. However, insects, including several lepidopteran species, evolve resistance to Cry toxins which causes a great threat to their continued utility. Understanding the physiology of the midgut, including that of the stem cells which are responsible for midgut growth, development, and regeneration, may improve the sustainability of midgut-targeted control like Cry toxins. Historically, lepidopteran midgut …
Effects Of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol On Osteogenic And Myogenic Differentiation Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Thanh-Bình Dương
Effects Of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol On Osteogenic And Myogenic Differentiation Of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Thanh-Bình Dương
All Theses
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are a class of compounds used to increase the durability of polymers as well as to increase the shelf-life of food, cosmetics, and other personal care items. Of these SPAs is 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DBP). 2,4-DBP is primarily used in polyethylene crosspolymer pipes, which are now used as a replacement for the traditional copper pipes for household water distribution. However, 2,4-DBP has been found to leach from these pipes into the water, enabling a mode of exposure to humans. 2,4-DBP has been detected in human urine, serum, but more importantly, maternal serum, placenta, and cord blood. …
An Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Impacting Cyanobacterial Algal Blooms In Drinking Water Sources In Upstate South Carolina, Gregory Langlois
An Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Impacting Cyanobacterial Algal Blooms In Drinking Water Sources In Upstate South Carolina, Gregory Langlois
All Theses
Maintaining water quality in reservoirs used for drinking water has been an issue in recent years due to the presence of algal blooms. Algal blooms are a perennially recurring problem that can have negative impacts on tourism, recreation, and overall water quality. Additionally, algal blooms will often produce an assortment of chemicals, some of which are hazardous to the health of humans, and some of which that, while relatively innocuous, result in unpleasant tastes and odors in water. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are two taste and odor compounds that are notoriously difficult to treat out of drinking water sources by traditional …
Assessing The Impacts Of Macroalgal Competition And Parrotfish Grazing On Coral Cover In The Middle Florida Keys, Kylie Smith
Assessing The Impacts Of Macroalgal Competition And Parrotfish Grazing On Coral Cover In The Middle Florida Keys, Kylie Smith
All Theses
The coral reefs of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) are diverse ecosystems that support thousands of marine organisms. Unfortunately, the live coral cover on these reefs has dramatically decreased over the last 30 years even in the most protected areas of the sanctuary. Environmental changes have contributed to this decline in coral cover by creating optimal conditions for macroalgal growth. These macroalgae species are fast growing and out-compete slow growing corals for space and nutrients. Herbivores known to forage on macroalgae, including long-spined sea urchins and parrotfishes, have decreased in abundance. A synthesis of data from across the …
Estimating Tiger (Panthera Tigris) Prey Density Using Camera Traps And Fecal Accumulation Rates, Jenifer Bunty
Estimating Tiger (Panthera Tigris) Prey Density Using Camera Traps And Fecal Accumulation Rates, Jenifer Bunty
All Theses
The conservation of tiger populations requires the preservation of their prey. Assessing prey populations is therefore important, but challenges arise due to the elusive nature of many prey species. We used two indirect methods to estimate the density of sika deer (Cervus nippon), an elusive tiger prey species, in the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve in the Russian Far East. The fecal accumulation rate (FAR) is widely used and provides estimates of ungulate density based on the accumulation of fecal pellet groups in previously cleared plots. More recently, the random encounter model (REM) was developed to estimate population density from …
Interkingdom Communication: Study Of Caenorhabditis Elegans And Vibrio Cholerae Interactions, Joseph Angeloni
Interkingdom Communication: Study Of Caenorhabditis Elegans And Vibrio Cholerae Interactions, Joseph Angeloni
All Theses
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is mainly found in water environments, and is the causative agent of the disease cholera in humans. It is critical for this bacterium to communicate via quorum sensing to persist and survive in the environment, as well as cause infection. Recently, it has been shown that eukaryotes are able to sense and respond to certain quorum sensing molecules, known as autoinducers, which are produced by different bacteria. Caenorhabditis elegans is a particularly useful model for studying this interaction. During preliminary experiments, it was noticed that C. elegans were strongly attracted to V. …
Environmental Effects On Fish Escape Responses: Impact Of Flow On The Escape Performance Of The Hawaiian Stream Goby, Sicyopterus Stimpsoni, Kelly Diamond
All Theses
The ability of fish to escape from predators is a critical behavior for their survival. Experimental measurements of escape performance in fishes have typically been based on trials conducted in still water; however, such environmental conditions are rare in nature due to waves and currents that expose fishes to unsteady and/or directional flow. I examined the effects of water flow and predator attack direction on the escape behavior of fish, using juveniles of the amphidromous Hawaiian goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni as a model system. In nature, these fish must escape ambush predation by the Hawaiian sleeper, Eleotris sandwicensis, while exposed …
Characterizing The Novel Gig Operon In Legionella Pneumophila , Kathleen Jwanowski
Characterizing The Novel Gig Operon In Legionella Pneumophila , Kathleen Jwanowski
All Theses
Legionella pneumophila is the number one cause of waterborne outbreaks in the US. It contaminates man-made water systems increasing exposure risk for Legionnaire’s Disease. Copper/silver ionization is one common method for managing L. pneumophila in water systems, but bacterial response mechanisms to these metals are not well described in Legionella. We identified an operon, lpg2105-2108, that is homologous to known gold/copper response genes in Cupriavidus metallidurans. Using a GFP reporter gene system, we measured transcriptional activity of the lpg2105-2108 operon in L. pneumophila strain Lp02 in response to 20µM or 50µM of HAuCl4 or CuSO4 in planktonic and biofilm cultures. …
Variability In Movement Patterns And Habitat Use Of Two Species Of Pelecaniformes, Caroline Poli
Variability In Movement Patterns And Habitat Use Of Two Species Of Pelecaniformes, Caroline Poli
All Theses
Information regarding movement patterns of seabirds is useful for understanding prey abundance and distribution, predicting overlap between bird activity and anthropogenic stressors, and assessing the effectiveness of reserves at protecting nesting or foraging habitat(Cairns 1992, Weimerskirch 2007, Weimerskirch et al. 2010). I examined movement patterns of 40 brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) satellite tagged in December 2010 in South Carolina, USA, and tracked until July 2013. Birds exhibited individual variability in movement patterns and 25% of individuals remained near the breeding colony during nonbreeding. Birds captured in South Carolina that did migrate wintered as far south as Guatemala, prospected and used …
Assessing The Vulnerability Of Coastal Marsh Birds To Sea Level Rise In The South Atlantic Coast, Nicolette Roach
Assessing The Vulnerability Of Coastal Marsh Birds To Sea Level Rise In The South Atlantic Coast, Nicolette Roach
All Theses
Global wetland degradation and loss is occurring at a rapid rate, and in the United States over 50% of wetlands in the lower 48 states have been altered since European settlement. In some cases, wetlands that were historically transformed for agriculture are now managed as wetland habitat. We conducted occupancy surveys for black rails (Latterallus jamaicensis) in managed and unmanaged areas of coastal South Carolina. We modeled landscape and local factors potentially influencing occupancy and we assessed whether these habitat associations indicated vulnerability following expected alterations from sea level rise. Black rails occupied 17 of 344 sites surveyed. Landscape factors …
Finding The Needle And The Haystack: New Insights Into Locating Bog Turtles (Glyptemys Muhlenbergii) And Their Habitat In The Southeastern United States, Theresa Sonja Margareta Stratmann
Finding The Needle And The Haystack: New Insights Into Locating Bog Turtles (Glyptemys Muhlenbergii) And Their Habitat In The Southeastern United States, Theresa Sonja Margareta Stratmann
All Theses
Because rare and cryptic species can be difficult to locate, distribution maps for these species are often inaccurate or incomplete. Bog Turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) are emblematic of this challenge. In fact, conducting surveys of known, historical, and potential Bog Turtle habitat is a specific need stated in the Bog Turtle Northern Population Recovery Plan and in most Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategies of states within the southern range. Therefore we examined ways to better locate Bog Turtle habitat and Bog Turtles within that habitat. First we determined a detection probability for a standardized trapping method so we could effectively survey for …
Liminal, Nina Kawar
Liminal, Nina Kawar
All Theses
Throughout life everyone experiences both physical and psychological pains and adversities. In time, the body, mind and spirit are capable of healing. It is within this liminal space between infliction and renewal that the self endures an elusive process that is part of the human condition. Within my installation I have constructed a metaphor for the physical and psychological stages of healing through form, materials, color and process. The spatial environment evokes the literal and metaphorical notion of restoration through a visual, olfactory and physical experience. As the viewer navigates the space, it is the fragmentation and suggestion of form …
Fungicide Resistance In Botrytis Cinerea From Strawberry - Molecular Mechanisms And Management, Anja Grabke
Fungicide Resistance In Botrytis Cinerea From Strawberry - Molecular Mechanisms And Management, Anja Grabke
All Theses
The United States is the largest producer of strawberries worldwide, generating approximately $2.4 billion worth of fruit each year. Strawberry production, however, is often threatened by pathogens. One of the most destructive fungal pathogens is Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold disease. The control of gray mold in commercial fields is largely dependent on the application of fungicides, including the dicarboximide iprodione and the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid. Because both fungicides are prone to resistance development, a survey was conducted to determine the occurrence and prevalence of fungicide resistance. Single-spore isolates were collected from strawberry fields in Florida (for …
The Influence Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Surface Chemistry On The Toxicity Of Silver Nanoparticles In Daphnia Magna, Kim Newton
All Theses
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are by far the most extensively used nanomaterial in general consumer products. Concurrent with this use is the major concern regarding the toxicity of AgNPs to aquatic organisms. The most persistent question regarding the toxicity of AgNPs is whether this toxicity is due to the nanoparticles (NPs) themselves or the ions they release. Two primary factors influencing the aquatic toxicity of AgNPs are the surface coating, which presumably controls the release of Ag+, and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the media, which serves as a source for ligands to bind the Ag+ and reduce bioavailability to …
Arsenic Affects Muscle Development And Structure In Fundulus Heteroclitus, Angela D'Amico
Arsenic Affects Muscle Development And Structure In Fundulus Heteroclitus, Angela D'Amico
All Theses
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid that can enter rivers and ground water. Epidemiological studies have correlated arsenic exposure with adverse developmental outcomes such as low birth weight, delays in the use of musculature, and altered locomotor activity. Previously in our lab, embryonically exposed killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were found to have changes in muscle development. Microarray analysis showed several genes involved in muscle development and formation altered and histological analysis showed an increase in small muscle fiber size. In this study, killifish were used to help understand if changes in muscle formation and fiber density after embryonic exposure persist, are …
Repression Of Multiple Cyp2d Genes In Mouse Using A Single Sirna Construct, Omaima Elraghy
Repression Of Multiple Cyp2d Genes In Mouse Using A Single Sirna Construct, Omaima Elraghy
All Theses
The CYP2D subfamily is the second most important subfamily of hepatic drug metabolizing CYPs. In mouse, there are nine CYP2D subfamily members, while humans have only one highly polymorphic CYP2D member, CYP2D6. siRNA was used to repress the expression of multiple isoforms of mouse CYP2D in primary mouse hepatocytes with one siRNA construct. Successful knockdown of CYP function by RNAi may allow for further study of CYP2D function. Q-PCR demonstrated that male CD-1 mouse primary hepatocytes express Cyp2d10, Cyp2d11, Cyp2d22, and Cyp2d26; however the male specific and growth hormone-dependent, Cyp2d9, was not detected. Four different siRNAs were designed; Cyp2d-KD1 and …
Going All The Way: Phylogeography And Trans-Pacific Divergence Genetics Of Nucella Lima, Lisa Cox
Going All The Way: Phylogeography And Trans-Pacific Divergence Genetics Of Nucella Lima, Lisa Cox
All Theses
Fluctuating climate over the last 2 million years (MY) has repeatedly caused latitudinal shifts in species distributions, fueling the hypothesis that the glacial-interglacial dynamics of the Pleistocene could have driven regional genetic differentiation and potentially speciation. For species whose distributions spanned the entire North Pacific, regional extinction of northern populations during cooler glacial periods may have resulted in isolation and genetic differentiation of eastern and western populations. To test this hypothesis, I gathered genetic data from a rocky shore intertidal gastropod, Nucella lima, whose current (i.e. warm interglacial) distribution spans the entire North Pacific. Mitochondrial DNA sequences are genetically structured …
Nr1l: A Novel Nuclear Receptor Group Activated By Juvenile Hormone Analogs, Yangchun Li
Nr1l: A Novel Nuclear Receptor Group Activated By Juvenile Hormone Analogs, Yangchun Li
All Theses
Annotation of the Daphnia pulex nuclear receptors revealed a novel group of three receptors designated NR1L, and named HR97a/b/g because of their similarity to the HR96 receptors involved in xenobiotic detection. We cloned and sequenced the three receptors from a related species often used in aquatic toxicology studies, Daphnia magna, and then analyzed their genomic structure and conducted phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic studies confirmed that the HR97s do form a distinct group with HR97g being the precursor of HR97a and b. They also confirmed that the HR97 receptors are related to the HR96 (NR1J) receptors, and the VDR/CAR/PXR (NR1I) group. Mining …
Development Of A Carbohydrate Microarray System And A Microcantilever-Based Biosensor For Detection Of Target Bacteria, Yunyan Cheng
Development Of A Carbohydrate Microarray System And A Microcantilever-Based Biosensor For Detection Of Target Bacteria, Yunyan Cheng
All Theses
The increasing number of disease outbreaks results in a demand for novel pathogen detectors. Carbohydrates serving as receptors for pathogen lectins have become the focus of such research. Two primary sugars, ‡-D-mannose and ‡-L-fucose, as receptors for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, are of great interest to researchers due to their high affinity. These interactions can be studied using carbohydrate microarrays, which are also suitable platforms for detecting bacterial pathogens. In addition, carbohydrates have the potential to act as sensing molecules in microcantilever-based biosensors. The goal of this research was to design a carbohydrate microarray system to study the …
Characterization Of Transgenic Plum Lines Expressing Gastrodia Antifungal Protein (Gafp)-1, Hetalben Kalariya
Characterization Of Transgenic Plum Lines Expressing Gastrodia Antifungal Protein (Gafp)-1, Hetalben Kalariya
All Theses
The Gastrodia antifungal protein (GAFP-1) is a mannose-binding lectin originating from the Asiatic orchid Gastrodia elata. It has potential for conferring resistance to fungal and non-fungal pathogens in other plants which is currently being investigated. The goals of this research project were to determine (i) the potential movement of GAFP-1 protein from transgenic rootstocks into the non-transgenic scion of chimeric-grafted trees (ii) the levels of GAFP-1 protein in lines of the cultivar Bluebyrd expressing the gene gafp-1 under the control of the polyubiquitin promoter bul409, and (iii) the susceptibility of selected lines to the root pathogens Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and …
Development, Characterization, And Technical Applications Of An Atlantic Killifish Ahr-2 Specific Monoclonal Antibody (Mab 5b6), Josephine Wojdylo
Development, Characterization, And Technical Applications Of An Atlantic Killifish Ahr-2 Specific Monoclonal Antibody (Mab 5b6), Josephine Wojdylo
All Theses
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor normally found in the cytoplasmic compartment of cells held by chaperones and immunophilin-like proteins. Ligand binding dissociates the AhR/ligand from chaperone proteins, allowing translocation to the nucleus with subsequent transcription of a suite of responsive genes, most notably Phase I, II, and III drug metabolism genes. Select environmental contaminants such as co-planar PCBs, planar polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) are potent AhR agonists, with 2,3,7,8 -tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) being one of the most potent. Adverse effects of exposure to these potent environmental AhR ligands include immune suppression, …
The Role Of Il-1beta, Il-6, And Tnf-Alpha In Radiation-Induced Bone Loss, Stephanie Riffle
The Role Of Il-1beta, Il-6, And Tnf-Alpha In Radiation-Induced Bone Loss, Stephanie Riffle
All Theses
Bone fractures greatly decrease an individual's quality of life, as well as increase an individual's risk for further complications, including death. Ionizing radiation causes bone loss, leaving bones at increased risk of fracture. This exposure, particularly in the context of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, results in damage to normal (non-tumor) tissue. Inflammation is a common response to radiation-induced tissue damage, characterized by increased presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. However, little is known about the roles of these cytokines in radiation-induced bone loss. This thesis hypothesized that the up regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and …
Gold Nanoparticle Interactions And Impact Upon A Common Biofilm Source: Legionella Pneumophila , Amber Stojak
Gold Nanoparticle Interactions And Impact Upon A Common Biofilm Source: Legionella Pneumophila , Amber Stojak
All Theses
There exists widespread concern of pathogenic bacteria colonizing and establishing biofilms in water systems providing a direct exposure route to the public. Legionella are widely distributed in human-made and natural environments, and colonization lends the potential to infect human hosts that may lead to the development of Legionnaire's Disease. Silver has been used in cooling towers and water filtration systems for removal of planktonic bacteria and biofilms; however permanent removal of L. pneumophila biofilms with metal ions is impossible when established biofilms are in hard to access places such as dead end piping or inside a protozoan host. Bulk metals …
Using A Multimedia Assessment Tool To Impact Evolution Education Strategies In South Carolina's Public High Schools, Matthew Johnson
Using A Multimedia Assessment Tool To Impact Evolution Education Strategies In South Carolina's Public High Schools, Matthew Johnson
All Theses
The theory of evolution is widely accepted as one of the fundamental disciplines of modern science. Evolution provides a foundation for all aspects of biology, and thus it is essential that present and future biologists have a detailed understanding of evolutionary principles. However, since the famous Scopes trial in 1925, the teaching of evolutionary theory in the public school system has been under attack. Though several court cases over the last 85 years have continually supported evolution and discredited creationism (the idea that evolution cannot explain the diversity of life on earth and therefore must have arisen through the influence …
A Large Volume Striped Bass Incubation Chamber: Design And Comparison With A Traditional Method, Chris Harper
A Large Volume Striped Bass Incubation Chamber: Design And Comparison With A Traditional Method, Chris Harper
All Theses
I conducted a comparative study of a new jar design (experimental chamber) with a standard egg incubation vessel (McDonald jar). Experimental chambers measured 0.4 m in diameter by 1.3 m in height and had a volume of 200 L. McDonald hatching jars measured 16 cm in diameter by 45 cm in height and had a volume of 6 L. Post-hatch survival was estimated at 48, 96 and 144 h. Stocking rates resulted in an average egg density of 21.9 eggs ml-1 (range = 21.6 - 22.1) for McDonald jars and 10.9 eggs ml-1 (range = 7.0 - 16.8) for experimental …