Digital Commons Network^™

Differential Migration Of Cd4+ And Cd8+ T Cells During An Immune Response, Jacob Parrott

Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

DIFFERENTIAL MIGRATION OF CD4+ AND CD8+ T CELLS DURING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

by

Jacob Parrott

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2018

Under the Supervision of Professor Douglas Steeber

Lymphocyte migration is critical for recognizing pathogenic challenges in a timely manner and generating effective, rapid immune responses. Lymphocyte numbers in secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes are rapidly and dramatically increased during an immune response. Lymphocytes use specific adhesion molecules and intracellular signaling cascades to migrate and enter secondary lymphoid tissues under resting conditions. It is not clear if the same migration and/or entry pathways are utilized when secondary lymphoid …

Effects Of Life History And Brain Size On Cognition And Behavior: Studies On Prey-Searching In The Spider Pholcus Phalangioides, Joseph Kilmer

Theses and Dissertations

There is tremendous diversity in body size across animals, including many examples of derived miniaturization. A reduction in body size is accompanied by a reduction in brain size, which is predicted to lead to limitations in cognition, but we have yet to find empirical evidence indicating what these limitations might be. I used a behavioral assay common in web spiders to explore this topic. I observed spiders as they searched for prey that they recently captured and lost. This assay has the advantage of being easily quantifiable while reflecting a spider’s evaluation and memory of lost prey. I conducted a …

Assessment And Mapping Of The Milwaukee Estuary Habitat, Brennan Dow

Theses and Dissertations

Rivermouth regions such as the Milwaukee Harbor, are the habitat interface between watersheds and the Great Lakes proper, and can host a large diversity of fishes. To facilitate an ecosystem approach management strategy, I developed a layered map that includes bathymetry, side scan sonar images, shoreline substrate classifications, and initial data of aquatic vegetation and centrarchid spawning locations. The 60 km perimeter of the study area consisted of 59% hardened shoreline. Ground truthing of substrate classifications via Ponar grabs or video had about 95% accuracy for fine and rocky boulder substrates. Rocky fine was the most inaccurate classification (35%), but …

Interactions Of Viral And Cellular Helicases, Megan Josephine Corby

Theses and Dissertations

The innate immune system is a part of the first line of defense against virus infection. An important subset of the innate immune system consists of a group of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which recognize conserved features of bacteria and viruses and initiate an interferon response. The RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) are PRRs that bind to RNA viruses (such as hepatitis c virus) and signal through the adaptor mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein (MAVS).

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the flaviviridae family of viruses. HCV infects hepatocytes and can cause a persistent …

Influence Of Natural And Anthropogenic Light Levels On Female Preferences In Eastern Gray Treefrogs (Hyla Versicolor), Victoria Underhill

Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1: While the influence of environmental variables, particularly temperature and rainfall, on the breeding behavior of amphibians is widely recognized, relatively few studies have addressed how the moon affects amphibian behavior. Yet, the lunar cycle provides several rhythmic temporal cues that animals could use to time important group events such as spawning, and the substantial changes in light levels associated with the different moon phases may also affect the behavior of nocturnal frogs. Using seven years of field observation data, we tested for lunar effects on the reproductive activity of male and female Eastern gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor). We …

Plumage Ornaments Signal Male Physiological Quality In Common Yellowthroats, Amberleigh E'Vaughn Henschen

Theses and Dissertations

Elaborate ornaments are thought to honestly signal quality to potential mates. These ornaments may signal a variety of physiological processes that affect health and fitness. I examined the relationship between ornaments and physiological quality in a bird, the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). Male common yellowthroats have two plumage ornaments, a black (eumelanin-based) mask and a yellow (carotenoid-based) bib. Males with larger masks are preferred by females for both extra-pair and social mates. I found that both the mask and the bib of male common yellowthroats honestly signal their ability to resist oxidative stress. Males with larger masks and more colorful …