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Tests Of Parallel Molecular Evolution In A Long-Term Experiment With Escherichia Coli, Margaret Riley, Robert Woods, Dominique Schneider, Cynthia L. Winkworth, Richard E. Lenski
Tests Of Parallel Molecular Evolution In A Long-Term Experiment With Escherichia Coli, Margaret Riley, Robert Woods, Dominique Schneider, Cynthia L. Winkworth, Richard E. Lenski
Margaret Riley
The repeatability of evolutionary change is difficult to quantify because only a single outcome can usually be observed for any precise set of circumstances. In this study, however, we have quantified the frequency of parallel and divergent genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of Escherichia coli that evolved in identical environments for 20,000 cell generations. Unlike previous analyses in which candidate genes were identified based on parallel phenotypic changes, here we sequenced four loci (pykF, nadR, pbpA-rodA, and hokB/sokB) in which mutations of unknown effect had been discovered in one population, and then we compared the substitution pattern in …
Belladonna/Lhx2 Is Required For Neural Patterning And Midline Axon Guidance In The Zebrafish Forebrain, Anandita Seth, James Culverwell, Mitchell Walkowicz, Sabrina Toro, Jens M. Rick, Stephan C.F. Neuhauss, Zoltan M. Varga, Rolf O. Karlstrom
Belladonna/Lhx2 Is Required For Neural Patterning And Midline Axon Guidance In The Zebrafish Forebrain, Anandita Seth, James Culverwell, Mitchell Walkowicz, Sabrina Toro, Jens M. Rick, Stephan C.F. Neuhauss, Zoltan M. Varga, Rolf O. Karlstrom
Rolf O Karlstrom
Some of the earliest axon pathways to form in the vertebrate forebrain are established as commissural and retinal axons cross t he midline of the diencephalon and telencephalon. To better understand axon guidance in the forebrain, we characterized the zebrafish belladonna ( bel ) mutation, which disrupts commissural and retinal axon guidance in the forebrain. Using a positional cloning strategy, we determined that the bel locus encodes zebrafish Lhx2, a lim-homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the brain, eye and fin buds. We show that bel(lhx2) function is required for patterning in the ventral forebrain and eye, and that loss of …
Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Elsbeth Walker, B. M. Waters, H. H. Chu, R. J. Didonato, L. A. Roberts, R. B. Eisley, B. Lahner, D. E. Salt
Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Elsbeth Walker, B. M. Waters, H. H. Chu, R. J. Didonato, L. A. Roberts, R. B. Eisley, B. Lahner, D. E. Salt
Elsbeth Walker
Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the oligopeptide transporter family and are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. YSL1 and YSL3 are similar to the maize (Zea mays) YS1 phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) and the AtYSL2 iron (Fe)-nicotianamine transporter, and are predicted to transport metal-nicotianamine complexes into cells. YSL1 and YSL3 mRNAs are expressed in both root and shoot tissues, and both are regulated in response to the Fe status of the plant. β-Glucuronidase reporter expression, driven by YSL1 and YSL3 promoters, …
The Role Of Arp2/3 And Scar/Wave Complexes In Polar Growth Of The Apical Cell Of The Moss Physcomitrella, Rs Quatrano, Pf Perroud, P Harries, M Bezanilla, Ah Pan, P Klueh, D Cove
The Role Of Arp2/3 And Scar/Wave Complexes In Polar Growth Of The Apical Cell Of The Moss Physcomitrella, Rs Quatrano, Pf Perroud, P Harries, M Bezanilla, Ah Pan, P Klueh, D Cove
Magdalena Bezanilla
No abstract provided.
Multifunctionality And Mechanical Origins: Ballistic Jaw Propulsion In Trap-Jaw Ants, Sheila Patek, J. E. Baio, B. L. Fisher, A. V. Suarez
Multifunctionality And Mechanical Origins: Ballistic Jaw Propulsion In Trap-Jaw Ants, Sheila Patek, J. E. Baio, B. L. Fisher, A. V. Suarez
Sheila Patek
Extreme animal movements are usually associated with a single, high-performance behavior. However, the remarkably rapid mandible strikes of the trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus bauri, can yield multiple functional outcomes. Here we investigate the biomechanics of mandible strikes in O. bauri and find that the extreme mandible movements serve two distinct functions: predation and propulsion. During predatory strikes, O. bauri mandibles close at speeds ranging from 35 to 64 m·s−1 within an average duration of 0.13 ms, far surpassing the speeds of other documented ballistic predatory appendages in the animal kingdom. The high speeds of the mandibles assist in capturing prey, while …
A High-Resolution Map Of Arabidopsis Recombinant Inbred Lines By Whole-Genome Array Hybridization, Samuel P. Hazen, T. S. Singer, Y. Fan, H. S. Chang, T. Zhu, S. P. Briggs
A High-Resolution Map Of Arabidopsis Recombinant Inbred Lines By Whole-Genome Array Hybridization, Samuel P. Hazen, T. S. Singer, Y. Fan, H. S. Chang, T. Zhu, S. P. Briggs
Samuel P Hazen
Recombinant populations were the basis for Mendel's first genetic experiments and continue to be key to the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation today. Genotyping several hundred thousand loci in a single assay by hybridizing genomic DNA to oligonucleotide arrays provides a powerful technique to improve precision linkage mapping. The genotypes of two accessions of Arabidopsis were compared by using a 400,000 feature exon-specific oligonucleotide array. Around 16,000 single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) were detected in ~8,000 of the ~26,000 genes represented on the array. Allelic variation at these loci was measured in a recombinant inbred line population, which defined …