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Β2m Antibody Is A Suitable Antibody To Detect Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ι As Well As Α Chain Antibody In Healthy Tissues And Tissues Infected With Mouse Parvovirus 1, Sana Mahmoud Alhawsawi Jan 2015

Β2m Antibody Is A Suitable Antibody To Detect Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ι As Well As Α Chain Antibody In Healthy Tissues And Tissues Infected With Mouse Parvovirus 1, Sana Mahmoud Alhawsawi

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Major histocompatibility complex-Ι (MHC Ι) is an essential protein located on the plasma membrane of every nucleated cell; it contributes to the immune system's ability to defend against bacteria and virus. MHC Ι displays foreign antigens on the cell surface in a manner that encourages CD8+ T cytotoxic cells (CTLs) to respond against these antigens by killing the infected cells. MHC Ι is composed of two chains: a light chain (β-macroglobulin; β2m) and a heavy chain (α chain with 3 domains). The α chain genes have different haplotypes, dependent on the strain of mouse. H-2Kb/ H-2Db is the gene for …


Effects Of Agricultural Land Use On Stream Fish Communities In Ohio, Usa, Blythe Hazellief Jan 2015

Effects Of Agricultural Land Use On Stream Fish Communities In Ohio, Usa, Blythe Hazellief

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Ohio is a state dominated by agricultural land use. Such land use may directly alter stream waters and instream habitat, which may, in turn, affect fish communities. To examine the effects of agricultural land use on Ohio stream fish communities, I analyzed data compiled by the Ohio EPA, spanning 15 years and including 2,474 statewide sites. For 253 of these sites, I derived land use profiles from the 2011 USGS National Land Cover Database. While habitat quality was not correlated with agriculture, nutrient concentrations, alkalinity and total dissolved solids were positively correlated with agricultural land use within the catchment. Fish …


Limitations Of Host Plant Use In Two Andean Altinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinea, Acraeini), Butterflies, From A Tritrophic Perspective, Karen M. Pedersen Jan 2015

Limitations Of Host Plant Use In Two Andean Altinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinea, Acraeini), Butterflies, From A Tritrophic Perspective, Karen M. Pedersen

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Despite the clear advantages of generalist feeding, many insect herbivores feed on a relatively small number of available host plants with in phylogenetically restricted groups. To better understand patterns of host plant use I used the sister species Altinote stratonice and Altinote dicaeus and their overlapping but distinct host plant range. I measured physiological effects of plants by using development time, pupal mass, and survival. To determine the importance of enemies I quantified rates of parasitism and rates of predation. Finally I measured host plant frequency, and host plant abundance. I found that survival of A. dicaeus and A. stratonice …


Logging Debris Protects Sugar Maple (Acer Saccharum) Seedlings From White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory In Wolf-Occupied Forest, Ari Erin Sullivan Jan 2015

Logging Debris Protects Sugar Maple (Acer Saccharum) Seedlings From White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herbivory In Wolf-Occupied Forest, Ari Erin Sullivan

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White-tailed deer are a species of great economic and ecological concern. Foresters sometimes leave logging debris known as slash on the forest floor with the intent to protect seedlings from deer herbivory and promote forest regeneration. I examined the effects of slash on rates of deer browsing on sugar maple seedlings in a forest of northern Wisconsin and measured deer foraging behavior using giving-up density and vigilance rates by employing trail cameras. Rates of browsed stems were almost twice as high in the open as within and adjacent to slash. These findings underscore the usefulness of slash for mitigating the …


Vertical Distribution Of Wetland Plant Roots And Their Associated Bacteria In Groundwater-Fed Wetlands, Jennifer Diane Bailey Jan 2015

Vertical Distribution Of Wetland Plant Roots And Their Associated Bacteria In Groundwater-Fed Wetlands, Jennifer Diane Bailey

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As part of the effort to understand the community structure of bacteria and archaea in groundwater fed wetlands, the vertical distribution of plant root density and species presence was studied in correlation with the change in associated bacterial and archaeal communities. Three sampling sites at a local groundwater fed wetland were selected based on surface plant community structure: Site 1 was dominated by Carex stricta, site 2 was dominated by Eleocharis erythropoda, and site 3 was dominated by a 50/50 mix of C. stricta and E. erythropoda. Core samples at 4 depths down to 1.2 m were taken to collect …