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Influence Of Ageing, Ph And Various Additives On Crystal Formation In Artificial Urine, A. L. Rodgers, M. A. E. Wandt
Influence Of Ageing, Ph And Various Additives On Crystal Formation In Artificial Urine, A. L. Rodgers, M. A. E. Wandt
Scanning Microscopy
In order to investigate the effect of various factors on urinary crystallization processes, a series of five experiments was carried out using an artificial urine (AU) in a rotary evaporator. The influence of ageing, pH and organic, inorganic and potential inhibitory additives formed the basis of the study. Precipitates were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In the ageing experiment, AU aliquots, adjusted to various pH values, were allowed to stand for several days and were not evaporated. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was formed at low pH, while whitlockite, apatite and struvite occurred …
The Role Of Tamm-Horsfall Glycoprotein And Nephrocalcin In Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystallization Processes, B. Hess
Scanning Microscopy
Theoretical considerations as well as clinical observations suggest that the aggregation of nucleated crystals is the most dangerous step in the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stones. The effects of 2 major urinary glycoproteins, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) and Nephrocalcin (NC), on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal aggregation in vitro are studied. At low ionic strength (IS) and high pH (within urinary limits), THP is a powerful crystal aggregation inhibitor (90% inhibition at 40 mg/l). Decreasing pH to 5.7 and raising IS to 0.21 increases THP viscosity, thereby lowering THP crystal aggregation inhibition. Upon addition of calcium …
Retention Of Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Renal Tubules, Saeed R. Khan, Raymond L. Hackett
Retention Of Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Renal Tubules, Saeed R. Khan, Raymond L. Hackett
Scanning Microscopy
Crystal retention within the renal tubules is essential for nephrolithiasis and the development of urinary stone disease. We studied the mechanisms involved in this process by inducing calcium oxalate crystal deposition within the rat renal tubules and examining them using various microscopic techniques. Crystals appeared to be retained either by attachment to the tubular epithelium or by aggregating with other crystals thus becoming large enough to be retained by their collective size.