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Pesticide Seed Treatments Containing Neonicotinoids Have Limited Effect On Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Different Tillage Regimes, Jessica E. Mackay, Richard G. Smith, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Lukas T. Bernhardt
Pesticide Seed Treatments Containing Neonicotinoids Have Limited Effect On Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Different Tillage Regimes, Jessica E. Mackay, Richard G. Smith, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Lukas T. Bernhardt
Faculty Publications
Pesticide seed treatments (PST) which contain fungicides and insecticides are commonly used in agriculture; however, little is known about their effect on soil microbial communities and soil health. Neonicotinoids – controversial insecticides which are common in PST – have received criticism due to potential non-target effects. While fungal pathogens need to be moderated, PST have the potential to disturb broader fungal communities which could lead to reduced nutrient cycling and poor soil health. Given the broad use of PST, their effect on soil fungi needs to be studied within the context of other agricultural management practices. For example, tillage regimes …
Small Soil C Cycle Responses To Three Years Of Cover Crops In Maize Cropping Systems, Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark, A. Stuart Grandy, Randall D. Jackson
Small Soil C Cycle Responses To Three Years Of Cover Crops In Maize Cropping Systems, Anna M. Cates, Matthew D. Ruark, A. Stuart Grandy, Randall D. Jackson
Faculty Publications
Cover crops are touted for their ability to improve many ecosystem functions in annual cropping systems. In addition to water and nutrient retention, cover crops may influence C cycling by increasing total C inputs to the agroecosystem, stimulating microbial populations, altering main crop residue decomposition rate, or changing litter chemistry over time. We assessed whether annual (rye) or perennial (bluegrass) cover crops in maize cropping systems influenced maize residue decomposition (litterbags) or microbial communities (shotgun metagenomics) in soil and litter, and whether these cover crops had an effect on microbially active pools of C: particulate organic matter (POM) C and …
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, William A. Arigiroff, Donald R. Zak, Rima A. Upchurch, Sydney O. Salley, A. Stuart Grandy
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, William A. Arigiroff, Donald R. Zak, Rima A. Upchurch, Sydney O. Salley, A. Stuart Grandy
Faculty Publications
Fine root litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM), which is a globally important pool of C that is responsive to climate change. We previously established that ~20 years of experimental nitrogen (N) deposition has slowed fine root decay and increased the storage of soil carbon (C; +18%) across a widespread northern hardwood forest ecosystem. However, the microbial mechanisms that have directly slowed fine root decay are unknown. Here, we show that experimental N deposition has decreased the relative abundance of Agaricales fungi (−31%) and increased that of partially ligninolytic Actinobacteria (+24%) on decaying fine roots. Moreover, …
Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations To Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, William R. Wieder, David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Gordon B. Bonan, Susan J. Cheng, Christine L. Goodale, A. Stuart Grandy, Charles D. Koven, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Keith W. Oleson, R. Quinn Thomas
Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental Manipulations To Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, William R. Wieder, David M. Lawrence, Rosie A. Fisher, Gordon B. Bonan, Susan J. Cheng, Christine L. Goodale, A. Stuart Grandy, Charles D. Koven, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Keith W. Oleson, R. Quinn Thomas
Faculty Publications
Land models are often used to simulate terrestrial responses to future environmental changes, but these models are not commonly evaluated with data from experimental manipulations. Results from experimental manipulations can identify and evaluate model assumptions that are consistent with appropriate ecosystem responses to future environmental change. We conducted simulations using three coupled carbon-nitrogen versions of the Community Land Model (CLM, versions 4, 4.5, and—the newly developed—5), and compared the simulated response to nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment with meta-analyses of observations from similar experimental manipulations. In control simulations, successive versions of CLM showed a poleward increase in …
Managing Agroecosystems For Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Ecological Unknowns, Potential Outcomes, And A Path Forward, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Meagan E. Schipanksi, A. Stuart Grandy
Managing Agroecosystems For Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency: Ecological Unknowns, Potential Outcomes, And A Path Forward, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Meagan E. Schipanksi, A. Stuart Grandy
Faculty Publications
Agricultural systems are increasingly managed for improving soil carbon (C) accumulation. However, there are limits to C returns in agricultural systems that constrain soil C accumulation capacity. Increasing the efficiency of how soil microbes process C is gaining interest as an important management strategy for increasing soil C and is a key feature of soil C dynamics in many new microbial-explicit models. A higher microbial C use efficiency (CUE) may increase C storage while reducing C system losses and is a fundamental trait affecting community assembly dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, the numerous ecological unknowns influencing CUE limit our ability …
Substrate Quality And Concentration Control Decomposition And Microbial Strategies In A Model Soil System, Jorg Schnecker, Timothy Bowles, Erik A. Hobbie, Richard G. Smith, A. Stuart Grandy
Substrate Quality And Concentration Control Decomposition And Microbial Strategies In A Model Soil System, Jorg Schnecker, Timothy Bowles, Erik A. Hobbie, Richard G. Smith, A. Stuart Grandy
Faculty Publications
Soil carbon models typically scale decomposition linearly with soil carbon (C) concentration, but this linear relationship has not been experimentally verified. Here we investigated the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms controlling the relationships between soil C concentration and decomposition rates. We incubated a soil/sand mixture with increasing amounts of finely ground plant residue in the laboratory at constant temperature and moisture for 63 days. The plant residues were rye (Secale cereale, C/N ratio of 23) and wheat straw (Triticum spp., C/N ratio of 109) at seven soil C concentrations ranging from 0.38 to 2.99%. We measured soil respiration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) …
Losses Of Mineral Soil Carbon Largely Offset Biomass Accumulation Fifteen Years After Whole-Tree Harvest In A Northern Hardwood Forest, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Steven P. Hamburg, Chris E. Johnson, Jonathan Sanderman
Losses Of Mineral Soil Carbon Largely Offset Biomass Accumulation Fifteen Years After Whole-Tree Harvest In A Northern Hardwood Forest, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Steven P. Hamburg, Chris E. Johnson, Jonathan Sanderman
Earth Systems Research Center
Changes in soil carbon stocks following forest harvest can be an important component of ecosystem and landscape-scale C budgets in systems managed for bioenergy or carbon-trading markets. However, these changes are characterized less often and with less certainty than easier-to-measure aboveground stocks. We sampled soils prior to the whole-tree harvest of Watershed 5 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in 1983, and again in years 3, 8, and 15 following harvest. The repeated measures of total soil C in this stand show no net change in the O horizon over 15 years, though mixing with the mineral soil reduced observed …
Soil Macroinvertebrate Presence Alters Microbial Community Composition And Activity In The Rhizosphere, Natalie Bray, Jenny Kao-Kniffin, Serita D. Frey, Timothy Fahey, Kyle Wickings
Soil Macroinvertebrate Presence Alters Microbial Community Composition And Activity In The Rhizosphere, Natalie Bray, Jenny Kao-Kniffin, Serita D. Frey, Timothy Fahey, Kyle Wickings
Faculty Publications
Soil Macroinvertebrate Presence Alters Microbial Community Composition and Activity in the Rhizosphere
Restoration Of Soil Microbial Function Following Degradation On Department Of Defense Lands: Mediating Biological Invasions In A Global Change Context, Kristina Stinson, Serita D. Frey
Restoration Of Soil Microbial Function Following Degradation On Department Of Defense Lands: Mediating Biological Invasions In A Global Change Context, Kristina Stinson, Serita D. Frey
Faculty Publications
This project was designed to better understand the roles of soil biota in 1 mediating native species-NIS interactions and 2 facilitating the recovery of degraded ecosystems. The associated Research Needs were listed as follows 1. To quantify the functional diversity of soil biota and the role of key taxa in maintaining desired functional ecosystem attributes 2. To identify processes by which desired soil properties and associated soil biotic communities are degraded by NIS invasion and test potential mechanisms to restore them 3. To examine the role of disturbance in determining the functional attributes of the soil community 4. To test …
The Microbiome Stress Project: Toward A Global Meta-Analysis Of Environmental Stressors And Their Effects On Microbial Communities, Jennifer D. Rocca, Marie Simonin, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Sean M. Gibbons, Firas S. Midani, Alex D. Washburne
The Microbiome Stress Project: Toward A Global Meta-Analysis Of Environmental Stressors And Their Effects On Microbial Communities, Jennifer D. Rocca, Marie Simonin, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Sean M. Gibbons, Firas S. Midani, Alex D. Washburne
Faculty Publications
Microbial community structure is highly sensitive to natural (e.g., drought, temperature, fire) and anthropogenic (e.g., heavy metal exposure, land-use change) stressors. However, despite an immense amount of data generated, systematic, cross-environment analyses of microbiome responses to multiple disturbances are lacking. Here, we present the Microbiome Stress Project, an open-access database of environmental and host-associated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies collected to facilitate cross-study analyses of microbiome responses to stressors. This database will comprise published and unpublished datasets re-processed from the raw sequences into exact sequence variants using our standardized computational pipeline. Our database will provide insight into general response patterns …
Clarifying The Interpretation Of Carbon Use Efficiency In Soil Through Methods Comparison, Kevin M. Geyer, Paul Dijkstra, Robert Sinsabaugh, Serita D. Frey
Clarifying The Interpretation Of Carbon Use Efficiency In Soil Through Methods Comparison, Kevin M. Geyer, Paul Dijkstra, Robert Sinsabaugh, Serita D. Frey
Faculty Publications
Accurate estimates of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) are required to predict how global change will impact microbially-mediated ecosystem functions such as organic matter decomposition. Multiple approaches are currently used to quantify CUE but the extent to which estimates reflect methodological variability is unknown. This limits our ability to apply or cross-compare published CUE values. Here we evaluated the performance of five methods in a single soil under standard conditions. The microbial response to three substrate amendment rates (0.0, 0.05, and 2.0 mg glucose-C g−1 soil) was examined using: 13C and 18O isotope tracing approaches which estimate CUE based on …
The Role Of Small Reservoirs In Reducing Reactive N Export Via Denitrification, Margaret Phillips, Wil Wollheim
The Role Of Small Reservoirs In Reducing Reactive N Export Via Denitrification, Margaret Phillips, Wil Wollheim
Honors Theses and Capstones
Reactive nitrogen (N), which harms ecosystem health, has been increasing in the biosphere, leading to higher N export to coastal ecosystems. Although man-made reservoirs can be significant sources of greenhouse gases, they can also retain N, thus reducing N export. Because many dams are relics from industrial hydropower, their removal is becoming increasingly common. It is therefore crucial to understand the ecological tradeoffs of man-made reservoirs. While previous studies have examined nutrient budgets and denitrification at inputs and outputs of large reservoirs, small reservoir dynamics remain understudied. In this study, we measured inputs and outputs of NO3 and N …