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More Than One Way To Measure: Masculinity In The Zurkaneh Of Safavid Iran, Zachary T. Smith Jun 2016

More Than One Way To Measure: Masculinity In The Zurkaneh Of Safavid Iran, Zachary T. Smith

The Hilltop Review

The zurkhaneh of early modern Safavid Iran was an institution where men undertook physical training, in some ways reminiscent of a modern-day gymn. This paper attempts to theorize the zurkhaneh as a public space in which primarily non-elite men participated in the social economy of early modern Safavid Iran based upon their pursuit of the ideal of javanmardi, or young manliness. To accomplish this, this paper will combine the themes of publicity, the social utility of the body, and the authority of textuality with an examination of the physical culture of the zurkhaneh to theorize the utility, representation, and …


Let Us Now Praise Famous Names, Aimee Valentine Jun 2016

Let Us Now Praise Famous Names, Aimee Valentine

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


The Spaces Between, Robert Evory Jun 2016

The Spaces Between, Robert Evory

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


Interdisciplinarity, Christina G. Collins Jun 2016

Interdisciplinarity, Christina G. Collins

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


Hope, Stephanie R. Goodman Jun 2016

Hope, Stephanie R. Goodman

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


Lake Michigan Lighthouse, Charles G. Lein Jun 2016

Lake Michigan Lighthouse, Charles G. Lein

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


The Future Is Fire, Ariel Berry Jun 2016

The Future Is Fire, Ariel Berry

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


Advocating For Mother Earth In The Undergraduate Classroom: Uniting Twenty-First Century Technologies, Local Resources, Art, And Activism To Explore Our Place In Nature, Christina Triezenberg, Ilse Schweitzer Vandonkelaar Jun 2016

Advocating For Mother Earth In The Undergraduate Classroom: Uniting Twenty-First Century Technologies, Local Resources, Art, And Activism To Explore Our Place In Nature, Christina Triezenberg, Ilse Schweitzer Vandonkelaar

The Hilltop Review

Despite the growing evidence of humanity’s impact on the natural world and the urgent need to shape citizens who understand the impact that their choices and actions have on their local and global environments, colleges and universities throughout the United States have been slow to add environmental education as a core component of their undergraduate curricula. Harnessing our shared interest in environment issues and the humanities, we designed and taught an experimental course in environmental literature for the honors program at Western Michigan University that we hope will become a template of what is possible in postsecondary environmental education. Using …


Something Is Rotten In The Unreal City: Hamlet In The Waste Land, Aimee Valentine Jun 2016

Something Is Rotten In The Unreal City: Hamlet In The Waste Land, Aimee Valentine

The Hilltop Review

T.S. Eliot’s poem of 1922, “The Waste Land,” lays philosophical and stylistic ground for the Modern literary movement in which human experience takes the performative shape of inner dialog (or soliloquy) for the benefit of the reader/audience. This essay will argue that Eliot’s poem is an existentialist work that is not merely informed by Shakespeare’s Hamlet (the earliest example of British existentialism), but is directly modeled after it, in Eliot’s attempt to rectify the play’s perceived failings. Existentialism as a key to unlocking the mood of Modern literature is overlooked by those critics who relegate existentialist literature to the …


Philosophical Romance: Figures Of Venus In “The Knight's Tale”, Caleb Molstad Jun 2016

Philosophical Romance: Figures Of Venus In “The Knight's Tale”, Caleb Molstad

The Hilltop Review

This essay examines Chaucer's use of the Roman goddess Venus in “The Knight's Tale.” It looks at the astrological, mythological, and allegorical meanings that he gives to the figure of Venus in the poem. The essay also considers imaginative techniques, including ekphrasis and allegory, that Chaucer uses to express philosophical ideas within a chivalric romance. Ultimately, it argues that Chaucer uses Venus in “The Knight's Tale” to imaginatively unfold the Boethian idea that love governs the world.


Backwater, Jacob M. Devoogd Jan 2016

Backwater, Jacob M. Devoogd

The Hilltop Review

No abstract provided.


Killing The Rotten Citric Lump: A Somatic Reading Of The Death Of Shahrazād’S Hunchback, Erin S. Lynch Jan 2016

Killing The Rotten Citric Lump: A Somatic Reading Of The Death Of Shahrazād’S Hunchback, Erin S. Lynch

The Hilltop Review

Throughout the narrative of the Hunchback’s Tale within the Thousand and One Nights, the hunchback is always at the center of the action, yet with the exception of the first time he is “killed,” he is never written as the reader’s focus, except in instances of violence performed against the hunchback’s body. The reader’s gaze is constantly drawn to the killer, rather than the victim, and led to laugh at or empathize with the killers of the hunchbacked corpse, rather than the deformed, ever-abused body. Neither the champion nor the foil, the body of the hunchback functions merely as …