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Primal Impression And Enactive Perception, Shaun Gallagher, Dan Zahavi
Primal Impression And Enactive Perception, Shaun Gallagher, Dan Zahavi
Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)
Philosophers and cognitive scientists have recently argued that perception is enactive (e.g., Varela, Thompson, & Rosch 1991; Noe, 2004; Di Paolo, 2009). 1 To put it simply, perception is action-oriented. When I perceive something, I perceive it as actionable. That is, I perceive it as something I can reach, or not; something I can pick up, or not; something I can hammer with, or not, and so forth. Such affordances (Gibson, 1977, 1979) for potential actions (even if I am not planning to take action) shape the way that I actually perceive the world. One can find the roots of …
Bodily Affects As Prenoetic Elements In Enactive Perception, Matthew Bower, Shaun Gallagher
Bodily Affects As Prenoetic Elements In Enactive Perception, Matthew Bower, Shaun Gallagher
Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)
In this paper we attempt to advance the enactive discourse on perception by highlighting the role of bodily affects as prenoetic constraints on perceptual experience. Enactivists argue for an essential connection between perception and action, where action primarily means skillful bodily intervention in one’s surroundings. Analyses of sensory-motor contingencies (as in Noë 2004) are important contributions to the enactive account. Yet this is an incomplete story since sensory-motor contingencies are of no avail to the perceiving agent without motivational pull in one direction or another or a sense of the pertinent affective contingencies. Before directly addressing the issue of affect …
Directionless Vection: A New Illusory Self-Motion Perception, Takeharu Seno, Y Yamada, Stephen A. Palmisano
Directionless Vection: A New Illusory Self-Motion Perception, Takeharu Seno, Y Yamada, Stephen A. Palmisano
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
We report a new visual illusion, "directionless vection." When expanding and contracting optic flows are simultaneously presented in the same depth plane, observers can perceive illusory self-motion (vection) without direction
Perception Of Mooney Faces By Young Infants: The Role Of Local Feature Visibility, Contrast Polarity And Motion, Yumiko Otsuka, Harold C. H Hill, So Kanazawa, Masami K. Yamaguchi, Branka Spehar
Perception Of Mooney Faces By Young Infants: The Role Of Local Feature Visibility, Contrast Polarity And Motion, Yumiko Otsuka, Harold C. H Hill, So Kanazawa, Masami K. Yamaguchi, Branka Spehar
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
We examined the ability of young infants (3- and 4-month-olds) to detect faces in the two-tone images often referred to as Mooney faces. In Experiment 1, this performance was examined in conditions of high and low visibility of local features and with either the presence or absence of the outer head contour. We found that regardless of the presence of the outer head contour, infants preferred upright over inverted two-tone face images only when local features were highly visible (Experiment 1a). We showed that this upright preference disappeared when the contrast polarity of twotone images was reversed (Experiment 1b), reflecting …
Social Learning, Critical Reflection And The Perception Of Facticity In Deliberation On Water Reuse, Gregory R. Hampton
Social Learning, Critical Reflection And The Perception Of Facticity In Deliberation On Water Reuse, Gregory R. Hampton
Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers
Critical reflection involves the uncovering and understanding of the assumptions, which are made in the development of knowledge and the establishment and perception of facts. A capacity to understand the development of facts is proposed as an important outcome of social learning. The public perception of the facticity of expert scientific and technological knowledge is analysed in four sets of workshops conducted with publics who utilised recycled water, were within close proximity to water recycling schemes or lived in an area where planned water recycling schemes were to be implemented. The purpose of these workshops was to develop a social …
Does Presentation Make A Difference To Risk Perception: Testing Different Formats For Communication Of Cancer Risks, Sandra C. Jones
Does Presentation Make A Difference To Risk Perception: Testing Different Formats For Communication Of Cancer Risks, Sandra C. Jones
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Evidence suggests that the presentation format of risk information can affect people’s perceptions of risk and influence health-related decisions. In these studies we investigated the impact of four different risk presentation formats: standard presentation, risk ladder, different base rates and visual representations on women’s perceptions of developing breast cancer of lymphoma. We found that the different presentations had virtually no impact on the participant’s risk estimates. Only in the second study relating to risk perceptions for lymphoma was there a significant difference between conditions for estimated 10-year-risk, with those in the ladder present condition reporting a lower estimated risk. The …
Glideslope Perception During Aircraft Landing, Rebecca Murray, Robert S. Allison, Stephen A. Palmisano
Glideslope Perception During Aircraft Landing, Rebecca Murray, Robert S. Allison, Stephen A. Palmisano
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Ideally, when a pilot approaches a runway on their final approach for landing, they must maintain a constant trajectory, or glideslope, of typically 3°-4°. If pilots misperceive their glideslope and alter their flight path accordingly, they are likely to overshoot or undershoot their desired touch down point on the runway. This experiment examined the accuracy of passive glideslope perceptions during simulated fixed-wing aircraft landings. 17 university students were repeatedly exposed to the following four landing scene conditions: (i) a daylight scene of a runway surrounded by buildings and lying on a 100 km deep texture mapped ground plane; (ii) a …
Time-To-Contact Perception During Simulated Night Landing, Gavin Prowse, Stephen A. Palmisano, Simone K. Favelle
Time-To-Contact Perception During Simulated Night Landing, Gavin Prowse, Stephen A. Palmisano, Simone K. Favelle
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
In 2 experiments, nonpilots made time-to-contact (TTC) judgments during simulated oblique descents toward a groundplane. Experiment 1 revealed a significant effect of simulated glideslope on TTC judgments: 3-degree simulations were underestimated, 6-degree simulations were generally accurate, and 9-degree simulations were overestimated. However, there was a significant reduction in this glideslope effect when the simulated aimpoint was explicitly (as opposed to implicitly) identified throughout the display. This glideslope effect was also found to disappear in Experiment 2, when aimpoint distance was held constant for all glideslopes, suggesting that TTC was being indirectly calculated based on perceived distance.
Visual Perception Of Smooth And Perturbed Self-Motion, Robert S Allison, James E. Zacher, Stephen A. Palmisano
Visual Perception Of Smooth And Perturbed Self-Motion, Robert S Allison, James E. Zacher, Stephen A. Palmisano
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Successful adaptation to the microgravity environment of space and re-adaptation to gravity on earth requires recalibration of visual and vestibular signals. Despite decades of experimentation, motion sickness, spatial disorientation, reorientation illusions and degraded visuomotor performance continue to impact the availability and effectiveness of astronauts. We have found that incorporating jitter of the vantage point into visual displays produces more compelling illusions of self-motion (vection), despite generating greater sensory conflicts. We will discuss a series of ground-based experiments that examine a range of possible explanations for this phenomenon. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological data suggests that accelerating optic flow stimulisuch the jittering …
Direct Perception In The Intersubjective Context, Shaun Gallagher
Direct Perception In The Intersubjective Context, Shaun Gallagher
Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)
This paper, in opposition to the standard theories of social cognition found in psychology and cognitive science, defends the idea that direct perception plays an important role in social cognition. The two dominant theories, theory theory (TT) and simulation theory (ST), both posit something more than a perceptual element as necessary for our ability to understand others, i.e., to “mindread” or “mentalize.” In contrast, certain phenomenological approaches depend heavily on the concept of perception and the idea that we have a direct perceptual grasp of the other person’s intentions, feelings, etc. This paper explains precisely what the notion of direct …
Visual Perception Of Touchdown Point During Simulated Landing, Stephen A. Palmisano, Barbara Gillam
Visual Perception Of Touchdown Point During Simulated Landing, Stephen A. Palmisano, Barbara Gillam
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Experiments examined the accuracy of visual touchdown point perception during oblique descents (1.5o-15o) toward a ground plane consisting of (a) randomly positioned dots, (b) a runway outline, or (c) a grid. Participants judged whether the perceived touchdown point was above or below a probe that appeared at a random position following each display. Although judgments were unacceptably imprecise and biased for moving dot and runway displays, accurate and unbiased judgments were found for griddisplays. It is concluded that optic flow per se does not appear to be sufficient for a pilot to land an airplane and …
Linking The Structure And Perception Of 3-D Faces: Gender, Ethnicity And Expressive Posture, Guillaume Vignali, Harold C. Hill, Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson
Linking The Structure And Perception Of 3-D Faces: Gender, Ethnicity And Expressive Posture, Guillaume Vignali, Harold C. Hill, Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
A statistical study of human face shape is reported whose overall goal was to identify and characterise salient components of facial structure for human perception and communicative behaviour. A large database of 3-D faces has been constructed and analysed for differences in ethnicity, sex, and posture. For each of more than 300 faces varying in race/ethnicity (Japanese versus Caucasian) and sex, nine postures (smiling, producing vowels, etc) were recorded. Principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and to provide simple, yet reliable reconstruction of any face from components corresponding …