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Welfare Of Non-Traditional Pets, Catherine A. Schuppli, David Fraser, H. J. Bacon
Welfare Of Non-Traditional Pets, Catherine A. Schuppli, David Fraser, H. J. Bacon
David Fraser, PhD
The keeping of non-traditional or ‘exotic’ pets has been growing in popularity worldwide. In addition to the typical welfare challenges of keeping more traditional pet species like dogs and cats, ensuring the welfare of non-traditional pets is complicated by factors such as lack of knowledge, difficulties meeting requirements in the home and where and how animals are obtained. This paper uses examples of different species to highlight three major welfare concerns: ensuring that pets under our care i) function well biologically, ii) are free from negative psychological states and able to experience normal pleasures, and iii) lead reasonably natural lives. …
Successful Enrichment And Recovery Of Whole Mitochondrial Genomes From Ancient Human Dental Calculus, Andrew T. Ozga, Maria A. Nieves-Colon, Tanvi P. Honap, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Courtney A. Hofman, George R. Milner, Cecil M. Lewis Jr., Anne C. Stone, Christina Warinner
Successful Enrichment And Recovery Of Whole Mitochondrial Genomes From Ancient Human Dental Calculus, Andrew T. Ozga, Maria A. Nieves-Colon, Tanvi P. Honap, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Courtney A. Hofman, George R. Milner, Cecil M. Lewis Jr., Anne C. Stone, Christina Warinner
Andrew Ozga
Objectives
Archaeological dental calculus is a rich source of host‐associated biomolecules. Importantly, however, dental calculus is more accurately described as a calcified microbial biofilm than a host tissue. As such, concerns regarding destructive analysis of human remains may not apply as strongly to dental calculus, opening the possibility of obtaining human health and ancestry information from dental calculus in cases where destructive analysis of conventional skeletal remains is not permitted. Here we investigate the preservation of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in archaeological dental calculus and its potential for full mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) reconstruction in maternal lineage ancestry analysis.
Materials and …
Philosophical Background Of Attitudes Toward And Treatment Of Invertebrates, Jennifer A. Mather
Philosophical Background Of Attitudes Toward And Treatment Of Invertebrates, Jennifer A. Mather
Jennifer Mather, PhD
People who interact with or make decisions about invertebrate animals have an attitude toward them, although they may not have consciously worked it out. Three philosophical approaches underlie this attitude. The fi rst is the contractarian, which basically contends that animals are only automata and that we humans need not concern ourselves with their welfare except for our own good, because cruelty and neglect demean us. A second approach is the utilitarian, which focuses on gains versus losses in interactions between animals, including humans. Given the sheer numbers of invertebrates—they constitute 99% of the animals on the planet—this attitude implicitly …
The Elephant (Head) In The Room: A Critical Look At Trophy Hunting, Chelsea Batavia, Michael Paul Nelson, Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, William J. Ripple, Arian D. Wallach
The Elephant (Head) In The Room: A Critical Look At Trophy Hunting, Chelsea Batavia, Michael Paul Nelson, Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, William J. Ripple, Arian D. Wallach
Chris Darimont, PhD
Trophy hunting has occupied a prominent position in recent scholarly literature and popular media. In the scientific conservation literature, researchers are generally supportive of or sympathetic to its usage as a source of monetary support for conservation. Although authors at times acknowledge that trophy hunting faces strong opposition from many members of the public, often for unspecified reasons associated with ethics, neither the nature nor the implications of these ethical concerns have been substantively addressed. We identify the central act of wildlife “trophy” taking as a potential source of ethical discomfort and public opposition. We highlight that trophy hunting entails …
The Elephant (Head) In The Room: A Critical Look At Trophy Hunting, Chelsea Batavia, Michael Paul Nelson, Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, William J. Ripple, Arian D. Wallach
The Elephant (Head) In The Room: A Critical Look At Trophy Hunting, Chelsea Batavia, Michael Paul Nelson, Chris T. Darimont, Paul C. Paquet, William J. Ripple, Arian D. Wallach
Chelsea Batavia, PhD
Trophy hunting has occupied a prominent position in recent scholarly literature and popular media. In the scientific conservation literature, researchers are generally supportive of or sympathetic to its usage as a source of monetary support for conservation. Although authors at times acknowledge that trophy hunting faces strong opposition from many members of the public, often for unspecified reasons associated with ethics, neither the nature nor the implications of these ethical concerns have been substantively addressed. We identify the central act of wildlife “trophy” taking as a potential source of ethical discomfort and public opposition. We highlight that trophy hunting entails …
Discourse And Wolves: Science, Society, And Ethics, William S. Lynn
Discourse And Wolves: Science, Society, And Ethics, William S. Lynn
William S. Lynn, PhD
Wolves have a special resonance in many human cultures. To appreciate fully the wide variety of views on wolves, we must attend to the scientific, social, and ethical discourses that frame our understanding of wolves themselves, as well as their relationships with people and the natural world. These discourses are a configuration of ideas, language, actions, and institutions that enable or constrain our individual and collective agency with respect to wolves.
Scientific discourse is frequently privileged when it comes to wolves, on the assumption that the primary knowledge requirements are matters of ecology, cognitive ethology, and allied disciplines. Social discourse …
Ethical Conundrums In Rural South Africa: Lost In Translation, Eric D. Teman J.D., Ph.D., Veronica M. Richard Ph.D.
Ethical Conundrums In Rural South Africa: Lost In Translation, Eric D. Teman J.D., Ph.D., Veronica M. Richard Ph.D.
Eric D Teman, J.D., Ph.D.
Introduction, Morag M. Kersel, Matthew T. Ruzt
Wikileaks, Texts, And Archaeology: The Case Of The Schøyen Incantation Bowls, Neil J. Brodie, Morag M. Kersel
Wikileaks, Texts, And Archaeology: The Case Of The Schøyen Incantation Bowls, Neil J. Brodie, Morag M. Kersel
Morag M. Kersel
No abstract provided.
Shared Heritage: An Anthropological Theory And Methodology For Assessing, Enhancing, And Communicating A Future-Oriented Social Ethic Of Heritage Protection, Angela M. Labrador
Shared Heritage: An Anthropological Theory And Methodology For Assessing, Enhancing, And Communicating A Future-Oriented Social Ethic Of Heritage Protection, Angela M. Labrador
Angela M Labrador
A common narrative in the late twentieth–early twenty-first centuries is that historic rural landscapes and cultural practices are in danger of disappearing in the face of modern development pressures. However, efforts to preserve rural landscapes have dichotomized natural and cultural resources and tended to “freeze” these resources in time. They have essentialized the character of both “rural” and “developed” and ignored the dynamic natural and cultural processes that produce them. In this dissertation I outline an agenda for critical and applied heritage research that reframes heritage as a transformative social practice in order to move beyond the hegemonic treatment of …
Interrupting Life History: Evolution Of A Relationship Within The Research Process, Ronald Hallett
Interrupting Life History: Evolution Of A Relationship Within The Research Process, Ronald Hallett
Ronald Hallett
In this paper the author explores how relationships are defined within the context of constructing a life history. The life history of Benjamin, a homeless young man transitioning to adulthood, is used to illustrate how difficult it is to define the parameters of the research environment. During an “ethically important moment” in the research process, the author had to critically analyze his obligation to his participant based upon the relational titles exchanged. As chaos in Benjamin’s life increased, a choice needed to be made about the researcher’s involvement in his life. Should the researcher provide support or simply document events? …
Curating The Ethnographic Moment, Andrew D. Asher, Lori M. Jahnke
Curating The Ethnographic Moment, Andrew D. Asher, Lori M. Jahnke
Andrew Asher
Digital technologies have vastly increased the volume of materials that ethnographic researchers are able to collect. They have also enhanced possibilities for rapidly sharing data not only with other researchers, but also with research subjects and the public at large. However, the relative ease of collecting digital materials can quickly outpace the data management skills of researchers, who usually have little or no training in recordkeeping, preservation, or curation strategies. Making digital data available online can also compound ethical dilemmas faced by ethnographers, who often find themselves torn between contradictory imperatives to share data publically and to protect the privacy …
Broom Closet Or Fish Bowl? An Ethnographic Exploration Of A University Queer Center And Oneself, Eric D. Teman Ph.D., Maria K. Lahman Ph.D.
Broom Closet Or Fish Bowl? An Ethnographic Exploration Of A University Queer Center And Oneself, Eric D. Teman Ph.D., Maria K. Lahman Ph.D.
Eric D Teman, J.D., Ph.D.
Executive Compensation: The Role Of Shari’A Compliance, William Marty Martin, Karen Hunt Ahmed
Executive Compensation: The Role Of Shari’A Compliance, William Marty Martin, Karen Hunt Ahmed
Karen Hunt Ahmed
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illuminate issues surrounding executive compensation as it relates to current understandings of Islamic business law. Methodology We review the emerging bodies of literature in the fields of executive compensation and opinions of stock options under Shari’a law. Findings It appears that the trend in offering employee stock options as part of a Shari’a compliant compensation package is acceptable in most cases, yet because of its close association with the more problematic idea of derivative transactions, the company must be vigilant in obtaining the approval from its Shari’a Standards Board before offering …
Executive Compensation: The Role Of Shari’A Compliance, William Marty Martin, Karen Hunt Ahmed
Executive Compensation: The Role Of Shari’A Compliance, William Marty Martin, Karen Hunt Ahmed
William Marty Martin
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illuminate issues surrounding executive compensation as it relates to current understandings of Islamic business law. Methodology We review the emerging bodies of literature in the fields of executive compensation and opinions of stock options under Shari’a law. Findings It appears that the trend in offering employee stock options as part of a Shari’a compliant compensation package is acceptable in most cases, yet because of its close association with the more problematic idea of derivative transactions, the company must be vigilant in obtaining the approval from its Shari’a Standards Board before offering …
Is Duty-Bound Good Enough? Considering Archaeological Ethics Beyond Codes And Laws, Angela M. Labrador
Is Duty-Bound Good Enough? Considering Archaeological Ethics Beyond Codes And Laws, Angela M. Labrador
Angela M Labrador
As archaeologists we are bound by professional codes and legal statutes, which typically presume the primacy of the archaeological record and grant us some level of authority over it. Some scholars have critiqued this normative core by questioning who the archaeological record serves and to what greater goods archaeologists should contribute. Such critiques have led to wider acknowledgement and consideration of the social responsibilities that archaeologists have toward various stakeholders. However, in practice, archaeologists often become de facto managers of stakeholders, complicating the archaeologist’s own position as stakeholder and the multiplicity of moral codes that the stakeholders bring to the …
Collaborative Ethics: Development And Implementation, Celia Emmelhainz, Claire Aliki Collins, Catharina Laporte, Ali Krzton
Collaborative Ethics: Development And Implementation, Celia Emmelhainz, Claire Aliki Collins, Catharina Laporte, Ali Krzton
Celia Emmelhainz
A short article assessing the need for collaborative ethics in anthropology. We suggest the incorporation of consensus methods in developing a new AAA code of ethics, as well as for collaboration with local scholars.
Camp Delta, Google Earth And The Ethics Of Remote Sensing In Archaeology, Adrian Myers
Camp Delta, Google Earth And The Ethics Of Remote Sensing In Archaeology, Adrian Myers
Adrian Myers
With easy access to satellite imagery through free applications such as Google Earth, it is now financially feasible for archaeologists to undertake remote survey in areas that are difficult or impossible to access in person. But there are ethical concerns inherent in the use of remotely sensed images, as Google Earth might be seen as a panoptic viewing technology that leaves no voice to those being viewed. Through a virtual investigation of the Camp Delta prison camp at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, I discuss methodological and theoretical aspects of the use of Google Earth in archaeology.