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Animal Sciences

Kansas State University Libraries

2004

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Effect Of Dietary L-Carnitine And Ractopamine-Hcl (Paylean) On The Metabolic Response To Handling In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), B W. James, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effect Of Dietary L-Carnitine And Ractopamine-Hcl (Paylean) On The Metabolic Response To Handling In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), B W. James, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments (384 pigs) were conducted to determine the interactive effect of dietary L-carnitine and ractopamine·HCl (Paylean) on the metabolic response to handling. Experiments were arranged as split plots, with handling as the main plot and diet as subplots (4 pens/treatment). Dietary Lcarnitine (0 or 50 ppm) was fed from 85 lb to the end of the trials (260 lb) and Paylean (0 or 20 ppm) was fed for the last 4 wk of each trial. At the end of each trial, two pigs per pen were assigned to one of two handling treatments. Gentle-handled pigs were moved at a …

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Effect Of Corn Endosperm Type And Corn Containing The Cry1f Protein On Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed Finishing Diets Based On Steam-Flaked Corn (2004), J.J. Sindt, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, Sean P. Montgomery, F.N. Owens, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Effect Of Corn Endosperm Type And Corn Containing The Cry1f Protein On Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed Finishing Diets Based On Steam-Flaked Corn (2004), J.J. Sindt, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, Sean P. Montgomery, F.N. Owens, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty beef heifers (initial body weight = 795 ± 18 lb) were individually fed finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn for 118 days. Dietary treatments consisted of corn hybrids containing vitreous (HARD), opaque (SOFT), or intermediate (INT) types of corn endosperm. Within the HARD endosperm type, a transgenic hybrid (HARD-GMO) containing the Herculex I Cry1F protein was compared with its nontransgenic, conventional (HARDCONV) counterpart. Dry matter intake, average daily gain, and gain efficiencies were similar among treatments. Likewise, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area were unaffected by dietary treatment. Heifers fed HARD-CONV were fatter than heifers fed HARD-GMO, …

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Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van Jan 2004

Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The primary advantages of reducing age at first calving (AFC) include reducing rearing costs as well as reducing time in which the heifer is only a capital drain on farm resources. The primary disadvantage of reducing AFC is that it is frequently associated with a reduction in first-lactation milk yield. Despite this reduction in first-lactation milk yield, production per year of herd life is typically increased by reduced AFC. Furthermore, although the first lactation yield may be influenced by AFC, future lactations are decidedly not. In addition, stayability and health of cows are not influenced by reduced AFC as long …

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Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle (2004), M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle (2004), M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

There have been contradicting reports of the efficacy of direct-fed microbials in finishing cattle diets. Some researchers have observed improvements in daily gain and feed efficiency when direct-fed microbials are included in finishing diets, whereas others have reported no differences in dry matter intake or ruminal and blood pH. Many of these studies have been conducted on a relatively small scale and used few animals per pen compared with that of typical commercial feedlot operations. In our study, yearling crossbred beef steers and heifers (n=3,539; 796 lb body weight) were used in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation …

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Grazing Cattle On Winter Cereal Pasture On The Sandy Soils Of South-Central Kansas (2004), Victor L. Martin, R. Hale Jan 2004

Grazing Cattle On Winter Cereal Pasture On The Sandy Soils Of South-Central Kansas (2004), Victor L. Martin, R. Hale

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Rye, wheat, and triticale pasture were evaluated during the winters of 2000-01, 2001-02, and 2002-03 for their ability to increase cattle weight from late fall through mid-spring. Large-scale studies were conducted on two 80-acre sites divided into either 25- or 40-acre pastures. Cattle at these sites were stocked at one head per acre, with an average initial weight between 500 and 550 lb. At the Sandyland Experiment Field, small-scale studies were conducted by using the same winter cereals for forage, but at greater stocking rates, ranging from two to three head per acre. Supplemental feeding, as necessary, included summer annual …

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Effects On Overall Performance Of Feeding Commercially Grown Pigs Less Or More Than Their Lysine Requirement In Early And Late Finishing (2004), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects On Overall Performance Of Feeding Commercially Grown Pigs Less Or More Than Their Lysine Requirement In Early And Late Finishing (2004), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1154 gilts (PIC L337 × C22, initially 72.3 ± 1.7 lb) were used to determine effects on subsequent growth performance of feeding less than or at the estimated lysine requirement for optimal growth and feed efficiency in early finishing (70 to170 lb). From d 0 to 27 and d 27 to 55, pigs were fed a diet containing 2.75 and 2.25 g lysine/Mcal ME, respectively, which was less than their estimated requirement. Pigs fed at their estimated requirements were provided diets containing 3.30 and 2.75 g lysine/Mcal ME from d 0 to 27 and 27 to 55, …

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Effects Of Increasing Pantothenic Acid On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finish Pigs Reared In A Commercial Environment (2004), C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects Of Increasing Pantothenic Acid On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finish Pigs Reared In A Commercial Environment (2004), C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1080 pigs (PIC), initially 89.0 ± 5.1 lb were used to determine the effects of increasing pantothenic acid on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growfinish pigs. Pigs were blocked by weight and gender, and were randomly allotted to treatment. Pigs were fed, in meal form, the experimental corn-soybean meal, added-fat diets in four phases. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (no added pantothenic acid), or the control diet with 22.5, 45.0, or 90.0 ppm added pantothenic acid from d-calcium pantothenate. Dietary treatments were fed from d 0 to 98 (89.0 to 272.5 lb). The first …

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Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, commonly called "mad cow disease" by members of the media, found its way into the United States and was diagnosed in December, 2003, in a Holstein dairy cow of Canadian origin. A significant disruption to the beef cattle industry immediately followed the announcement of this finding; within a matter of weeks, however, a degree of normalcy began to return to the industry. When consumers and cattle producers alike learned of the extensive firewall system that had been put in place years earlier by the USDA and the FDA to reduce the likelihood of entry of this disease …

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The Effect Of A Probiotic, Ke-01, And Neoterramycin On Nursery Pig Growth Performance (2004), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Effect Of A Probiotic, Ke-01, And Neoterramycin On Nursery Pig Growth Performance (2004), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 35-d growth study with a total of 168 weanling pigs (21 ± 2 d of age) was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a probiotic, (KE-01) and an antibiotic, Neoterramycin (neomycin 140 g/ton, oxytetracycline 140 g/ton), on nursery pig performance. Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of antibiotic (none or neomycin 140g/ton and oxytetracycline 140g/ton) or probiotic (none or KE-01, 0.35%). KE-01 is a probiotic containing a novel strain of lactobacillus casei. A KE-01 by Neoterramycin interaction was observed for ADFI (P<0.05) from d 14 to 35, but no other interactions were detected. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed diets containing Neoterramycin had improved (P<0.01) ADG, ADFI, and F/G compared with those of pigs fed diets without Neoterramycin. Pigs fed diets containing KE- 01 had similar growth performance to that of pigs fed diets without KE-01. From d 14 to 35, pigs fed diets containing Neoterramycin had increased ADG compared with that of pigs fed diets without Neoterramycin. The ADG of pigs fed diets containing KE-01 did not differ from that of pigs fed diets without KE-01. There was a tendency for pigs fed KE- 01 to consume less feed, whereas pigs fed Neoterramycin ate more (KE-01 × Neoterramycin interaction, P<0.05). Pigs fed diets containing KE-01 tended to have improved F/G (P<0.07), compared with that of pigs fed diets without KE-01. Overall, d 0 to 35, pigs fed diets containing Neoterramycin had increased ADG and ADFI (P<0.01), compared with those of pigs fed diets without Neoterramycin. In addition, pigs fed diets containing KE-01 had similar ADG and ADFI to those of pigs fed diets without KE-01. Pigs fed diets containing KE-01 had improved F/G (P<0.03), compared with that of pigs fed diets without KE-01. In summary, the probiotic, KE-01, did not significantly increase ADG or ADFI, but did improve F/G because it slightly lowered feed intakes. Neoterramycin improved ADG, ADFI, and F/G, compared with those of diets without Neoterramycin in this study.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Johne's disease was characterized as a significant disease in cattle before the start of the 20th century. The disease causes a chronic wasting away and non-responsive diarrhea, coupled with a long incubation period and difficulty in diagnosis until late in the course of disease. As a result, it has become a costly aggravation to dairy producers over the years. Of even greater concern, however, is the more recent incrimination of the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subspecies pseudotuberculosis (MAP), as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans. Because MAP is present in milk of cows with advanced Johne's disease, and …

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Evaluation Of Nitrogen Availability In Liquid Feedstuffs (2004), E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Nitrogen Availability In Liquid Feedstuffs (2004), E.A. Elwakeel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We developed an in vitro assay to assess ruminal availability of protein in liquid feeds containing soluble protein/nitrogen. Microbial mass accumulating as a result of assimilation of dietary nitrogen by ruminal microbes during an in vitro fermentation is measured. In the assay, microbial growth is most limited by the availability of protein/nitrogen, so microbial mass is proportional to the amount of available nitrogen in the sample. In liquid feeds that we generated in the laboratory, ruminal nitrogen availability decreased in response to mild heating, and the decline was greater for feedstuffs containing true protein rather than urea. Addition of salt …

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Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels (2004), T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels (2004), T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred thirteen Hereford x Angus heifer calves (average weight = 515 lb) were allotted to one of three treatments: 1) control, no vaccine; 2) a 2-cc subcutaneous injection of One-Shot® (Pfizer Animal Health), a Mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica vaccine, three weeks before weaning; or 3) a ½-cc intradermal injection of One-Shot, three weeks before weaning. All heifers were weighed and blood samples harvested at time of injection, three weeks later at weaning, and then 28 days later. After weaning, heifers were confined to a common pen and fed free-choice brome hay and approximately 5 lb/head daily of a concentrate. Blood …

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Failure To Eliminate The Carrier State Of Anaplasma Marginale By Using Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline (2004), D. Gnad, T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, G. Palmer, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Failure To Eliminate The Carrier State Of Anaplasma Marginale By Using Long-Acting Injectable Oxytetracycline (2004), D. Gnad, T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, G. Palmer, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-four Anaplasma marginale seropositive cows from a herd of 236 were allocated to treatments: 5 animals served as untreated controls, and 29 animals were treated with three injections of long-acting oxytetracycline at three-day intervals. Fourteen days after initiation of treatment, 100% of control cows and 89% of treated cows were found to have Anaplasma marginale present. Seventyfour days after initiation of treatment, 100% of control cows and 86% of treated cows were found to have Anaplasma marginale present. Use of injectable long-acting oxytetracycline was not effective in eliminating the carrier state of Anaplasma marginale from infected animals.

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Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study (2004), J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick Jan 2004

Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study (2004), J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether inclusion of a CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone) in protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2α(PGF) would enhance fertility. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 2,630) from 14 locations were assigned randomly to each of five estrus-synchronization protocols using PGF with GnRH and(or) a CIDR. Protocols were Control, CO-Synch, COSynch+ CIDR, Hybrid-Synch, and Hybrid-Synch+CIDR. The percentage of cows cycling at the initiation of estrus synchronization was 66.8%, the percentage of cycling cows …

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In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs (2004), E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs (2004), E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fermentations were conducted to identify enzyme activities and amounts that would optimize digestion of high-fiber feed ingredients (soybean hulls, alfalfa, corn silage, and corn gluten feed). In general, adding enzymes increased in vitro dry matter disappearance, but total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not improved by enzyme treatments. The response to enzymes was similar across substrate, suggesting that substrate specificity of the enzymes is not important. The most effective enzyme preparation had greater cellulase activity than the other enzyme preparations, suggesting that cellulase might be the most important enzymatic activity for improving digestion of fibrous feedstuffs.

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Using Regumate To Control Estrus In Swine (2004), Duane L. Davis Jan 2004

Using Regumate To Control Estrus In Swine (2004), Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Altrenogest, marketed for use in horses as Regumate, is a synthetic progestin that is marketed for use in pigs as MATRIX. It effectively regulates the occurrence of estrus in randomly cycling gilts if it is provided for 14 or more days at a daily dose of 15 mg/day. It is important to assure that each gilt receives her full dose; otherwise problems of cystic follicles and reduced fertility may be observed.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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Using Mixer Efficiency Testing To Evaluate Feed Segregation In Feed Lines (2004), C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Using Mixer Efficiency Testing To Evaluate Feed Segregation In Feed Lines (2004), C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to evaluate potential diet segregation in feed lines by measuring coefficient of variation (CV) and mean salt concentration. The facility was a 1500-head gestation barn with nine feed lines, transected by a central feed line that conveyed feed from one of two bulk bins. Quantab® chloride titrators were used to analyze the chloride concentration (salt) from samples collected at pre-determined feed line locations at various distances from the bulk bins. Thirty samples were collected from three feed lines (row 1, 5, and 9), ten samples were collected from drop boxes close to the central feed line …

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The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 20 And 50 Lb (2004), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 20 And 50 Lb (2004), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted with 360 pigs (PIC, avg BW = 22.7 lb) to determine the appropriate true-ileal-digestible (TID) lysine and total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) requirement of nursery pigs, and consequently to determine the optimal TSAA-to-lysine ratio. This trial was organized as a combination of two simultaneous experiments, with one set of diets consisting of five treatments with increasing TID lysine (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3%) and the second set of diets consisting of five treatments with increasing TID TSAA (0.56, 0.62, 0.68, 0.74, and 0.81%). The highest concentrations of both lysine and TSAA (1.3% and 0.81%, respectively) …

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The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Finishing Pigs Fed Paylean® (2004), N Z. Frantz, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Finishing Pigs Fed Paylean® (2004), N Z. Frantz, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1887 pigs (PIC 337 × C22; 213 lb initial BW) were used in a 28-d growth assay to simultaneously examine both the true-ileal-digestible (TID) lysine and TID total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) requirements. The objective was to determine the appropriate TID TSAA-to-lysine ratio in finishing pigs fed Paylean® (4.5 g/ton) to maximize growth performance and carcass composition. Four TID lysine (0.66. 0.79, 0.92, and 1.05%) and four TID TSAA (0.47, 0.52, 0.57, and 0.63%) concentrations were evaluated. The highest lysine and TSAA concentrations were combined in the same diet, and there were eleven or twelve replicate pens …

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The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirements For Growing-Finishing Pigs From 80 To 130 And 170 To 230 Pounds (2004), N Z. Frantz, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirements For Growing-Finishing Pigs From 80 To 130 And 170 To 230 Pounds (2004), N Z. Frantz, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 4388 pigs (PIC 337 × C22; Exp. 1: 1070 gilts, initially 79 lb BW; Exp. 2: 3318 pigs, initially 170 lb BW) were used in 28-d growth assays to examine both the true-ileal-digestible (TID) lysine and threonine requirements, and then determine the appropriate TID threonine-to-lysine ratio in growing-finishing pigs from 80 to 130 lb and 170 to 230 lb. In Exp. 1, four TID lysine (0.71. 0.81, 0.91, and 1.01%) and five TID threonine (0.50, 0.56, 0.62, 0.68 and 0.74%) concentrations were evaluated. In Exp. 2, four TID lysine (0.56, 0.64, 0.72, and 0.80%), and five TID …

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Interactive Effects Between Pantothenic Acid And Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean®) On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), C N. Groesbeck, B W. James, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Interactive Effects Between Pantothenic Acid And Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean®) On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), C N. Groesbeck, B W. James, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactive effects between added pantothenic acid and ractopamine HCl (Paylean®) on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 156 pigs (PIC, initial BW = 56.7 ± 5.8 lb) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial with ractopamine HCl (RAC; 0 or 10 ppm) and added pantothenic acid (PA; 0, 22.5, or 45 ppm). Pigs were fed the assigned PA concentrations from 56.7 to 268.1 lb (d 0 to 98), and were fed RAC for the last 28 d before slaughter. Increasing added PA had no effect (P<0.05) on ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (F/G) from d 0 to d 70. A PA × gender interaction (P<0.05) was observed for ADG and F/G from d 71 to 98. Increasing PA increased ADG and F/G in gilts, but not in barrows. Added RAC for the last 28 d before slaughter increased (P<0.001) ADG and F/G for d 71 to 98 and d 0 to 98. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P<0.05) on carcass traits. Adding RAC increased (P<0.001) longissimus muscle area and percentage lean. In Exp. 2, the effects of added PA on N balance of finishing pigs fed RAC were evaluated. A total of 156 barrows (PIC, initial weight = 131.6 lb) were fed added PA (0, 22.5, or 45.0 ppm) for a minimum of eight weeks. A total of 44 pigs were randomly selected from the 156 initial pigs and were moved into individual stainlesssteel metabolism creates. Pigs remained on their respective PA treatments, with or without RAC (10 ppm), for 8 d, were moved out of the collection chambers, and were fed the same diets from d 8 to 28. There were no PA × RAC interactions (P<0.05) observed. Added PA had no effect (P<0.05) on N excretion, N retention, or biological value (BV). Fecal N excretion was greater (P<0.01) for pigs fed RAC, compared with that of the pigs not fed RAC, but urinary N decreased (P<0.01) for the pigs fed RAC, resulting in no difference in total excreted N. Adding RAC increased (P<0.04) BV. No PA (P<0.05) response was observed for ADG or F/G, and RAC increased (P<0.001) ADG and F/G from d 0 to 28.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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Influence Of Chromium Source On Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Concentrations In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, F Valdez, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Influence Of Chromium Source On Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Concentrations In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, F Valdez, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 150 pigs (PIC, initial body weight 178.9 ± 14.7 lb) were used in a 35-d study to evaluate the effect of chromium propionate and chromium tripicolinate on plasma non-esterifed fatty acids (NEFA) in growing-finishing pigs. Our objective was to determine if differences between sources and rate of source being fed can be detected in fasted growing-finishing pigs by measuring plasma NEFA. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of the five dietary treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial plus negative control (no chromium). Main effects were source of chromium (chromium propionate and chromium tripicolinate) and chromium …

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Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs Fed Biosaf Yeast Alone Or In Combination With In-Feed Antimicrobial (2004), B M. Hildabrand, C R. Neill, T E. Burkey, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs Fed Biosaf Yeast Alone Or In Combination With In-Feed Antimicrobial (2004), B M. Hildabrand, C R. Neill, T E. Burkey, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 210 pigs were used in a 28-d growth study to evaluate the effects of feeding the combination antibiotic neomycin and oxytetracycline (Neo-Terra), different rates of BIOSAF yeast (0.15% or 0.3%), and the combination of Neo-Terra and BIOSAF in nursery diets. Overall, pigs fed the diet containing both Neo-Terra and 0.15% BIOSAF had greater ADG and ADFI than did pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed either concentration of BIOSAF alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, over the entire trial, pigs fed the diet containing both Neo-Terra and BIOSAF also tended to have greater ADG and ADFI than did pigs fed only Neo-Terra (P = 0.15). Pigs fed Neo-Terra had greater ADG and ADFI than did pigs fed the control diet and the diet containing 0.15% BIOSAF, but both ADG and ADFI were similar between pigs fed Neo-Terra and pigs fed 0.3% BIOSAF. Whereas BIOSAF fed alone did not significantly improve growth performance over that of control pigs, pigs fed the diet combining both Neo-Terra and 0.15% BIOSAF had a 16% improvement in ADG, compared with that of pigs fed the control diet, and had a trend for an improvement in ADG, compared with that of pigs fed the diet containing Neo-Terra without added yeast. Thus, in nursery settings where Neo-Terra will be added, addition of 0.15% BIOSAF to diets could enhance growth performance. The overall growth performance of pigs fed 0.3% BIOSAF yeast was intermediate to that of pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet containing Neo-Terra. Additional research will be required to determine definitively if a rate at, or close to, 0.3% BIOSAF can be added to nursery diets to approach growth performance observed with Neo-Terra.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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Feeding L-Carnitine To Gestating Sows Alters The Insulin-Like Growth-Factor System In Cultured Porcine Embryonic Muscle Cells Isolated From Fetal Skeletal Muscle (2004), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, D P. Gnad, J C. Woodworth Jan 2004

Feeding L-Carnitine To Gestating Sows Alters The Insulin-Like Growth-Factor System In Cultured Porcine Embryonic Muscle Cells Isolated From Fetal Skeletal Muscle (2004), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, D P. Gnad, J C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective was to determine the effects of L-carnitine on cell proliferation and on messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. Cultured porcine embryonic myoblasts (PEM) were isolated from fetuses at mid-gestation from sows fed a common gestation diet with a 50-g top dress of 0 (control, n = 6) or 100 mg of L-carnitine (n = 6). Proliferation of PEM was evaluated at 36, 48, 60, and 72 h postplating. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine growth factor mRNA concentrations in culture. The number of cells/cm2 did not differ (P>0.05) from sows fed …

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Evaluation Of Topical Antioxidants And Packaging Materials To Decrease The Incidence Of Bone Discoloration In Pork Retail Cuts (2004), C R. Raines, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Topical Antioxidants And Packaging Materials To Decrease The Incidence Of Bone Discoloration In Pork Retail Cuts (2004), C R. Raines, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Color characteristics were evaluated on 48 pork backbones. After 6 d postmortem, six 1- inch-thick sections of lumbar vertebrae were cut from each backbone. Lumbar vertebrae were treated with different concentrations of ascorbic acid, with combination treatments of ascorbic acid and natural antioxidants, or left untreated. Bones were packaged in one of three systems: high-oxygen modifiedatmosphere packaging (MAP), ultra-lowoxygen MAP, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) overwrap trays. Bones were visually evaluated by a trained panel on d 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8. Lightness (L*) was also measured on d 0, 2, and 8 of display. After 8 d …

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Evaluation Of The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Evaluation Of The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1800 pigs (Exp 1, 360; Exp. 2, 1440) were used in two experiments to evaluate the true ileal digestible (TID) lysine and threonine requirement for 24- to 44-lb pigs. In Exp. 1, there were eight pens per treatment, with five pigs (Genetiporc, initially 23.6 lb and 34 d of age) per pen. Experiment 1 was conducted as a combination of two separate trials to simultaneously examine both the TID lysine and threonine requirement, and hence, determine the appropriate threonine-to-lysine ratio. The first part of the trial consisted of five treatments formulated to contain 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, …

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Evaluating Oregano Oil As A Growth Enhancer In Nursery Pig Diets (2004), C R. Neill, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, R O. Gottlob, B M. Hildabrand, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Evaluating Oregano Oil As A Growth Enhancer In Nursery Pig Diets (2004), C R. Neill, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, R O. Gottlob, B M. Hildabrand, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 224 nursery pigs (PIC L 327L × C22) initially 12.9 ± 3.0 lb and 21 d of age were used in a 28-d feeding trial. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of oregano oil, with or without an in-feed antimicrobial. Oregano oil is a plant extract derived from the Greek herb, Origanum vulgare. It has been speculated to have antimicrobial-like activity. There were four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial. Diets consisted of a negative control (without an antibiotic or oregano oil), the control diet plus neomycin/oxytetracycline (140 g/ton), the control …

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Effects Of Ratio Of Total Sulfur Amino Acid To Lysine On Finishing-Pig Growth Performance (2004), K R. Lawrence, C N. Goesbeck, C R. Neill, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects Of Ratio Of Total Sulfur Amino Acid To Lysine On Finishing-Pig Growth Performance (2004), K R. Lawrence, C N. Goesbeck, C R. Neill, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to characterize the growth response to total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) and lysine simultaneously to estimate the true-ileal-digestible (TID) TSAA-to-lysine ratio in early finishing pigs. One hundred and twenty-six pigs were used in a 27-d growth study. Pigs (73 to 134 lb) were blocked by sex and weight and were allotted to one of nine dietary treatments with five TID lysine (0.79, 0.87, 0.94, 1.02 and 1.10%) and five TID TSAA (0.53, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66 and 0.70%) concentrations. The highest lysine (1.10%) and TSAA (0.70%) concentrations were combined to form one treatment used in …

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Effects Of Increasing Extruded Soy-Protein Concentrate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects Of Increasing Extruded Soy-Protein Concentrate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred and forty barrows and gilts (initially 13.0 lb and 18 ± 2 d of age at weaning) were blocked by initial weight and were allotted randomly to one of five dietary treatments. There were eight replications (pens) per treatment, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed experimental diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning that included a control diet containing 40% soybean meal and diets containing 7.1, 14.3, 21.4, or 28.6% extruded soy-protein concentrate. From d 14 to 28, all pigs were fed a similar diet to determine if any carry-over effects existed from the treatment …

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Effects Of Increasing Dried Distiller’S Grains On Feed Intake (2004), C W. Hastad, N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects Of Increasing Dried Distiller’S Grains On Feed Intake (2004), C W. Hastad, N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent studies have shown that dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) has an ME value similar to that of corn, but pigs fed diets with DDGS have a lesser feed intake than do those fed corn. We conducted three studies to evaluate the effects of DDGS on palatability and feed intake of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 90 gilts (initially 58.2 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of a diet based on cornsoybean meal, alone or with 30% DDGS from two different sources, on feed preference. Source 1 DDGS was obtained from an ethanol plant built before 1990 and …

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