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Why Are The Children Dying?: Mixed-Race Children In Chang-Rae Lee’S First Five Novels, Holly E. Martin Oct 2017

Why Are The Children Dying?: Mixed-Race Children In Chang-Rae Lee’S First Five Novels, Holly E. Martin

Asian American Literature: Discourses & Pedagogies

The mixed-race children in each of Lee’s first five novels constitute an overarching set of symbols, reflecting, at first, society’s intolerance of miscegenation and its resulting mixed offspring, as demonstrated in the dysfunctional behaviors of the parent(s) (or society) and the death or disappearance of the mixed-race child. Then, later in the novel, a second mixed-race child’s birth, or its impending birth, signifies an acquired racial awareness on the part of the parent(s) and an overcoming of trauma that leads to hope for a more tolerant and understanding social environment for the mixed-race child.


From The Iron Horse To Hell On Wheels: The Transcontinental Railroad In The Western, Kenneth Estes Hall Aug 2017

From The Iron Horse To Hell On Wheels: The Transcontinental Railroad In The Western, Kenneth Estes Hall

Kenneth Estes Hall

Excerpt: "I'm crazy about trains! says Doc Holliday (Jason Robards) to his friend Wyatt Earp (James Garner) in Hour of the Gun (Sturges Ch. 6), explaining why he's waiting on the Contention train. Of course he's really there to help Earp get his revenge on Ike Clanton (Robert Ryan) - but then we never quite know with Doc Holliday.


Commuters, Wanderers, And 'International Mongrels': Resistance And Possibility In Post-Immigrant Literature, Leslie Singel Aug 2017

Commuters, Wanderers, And 'International Mongrels': Resistance And Possibility In Post-Immigrant Literature, Leslie Singel

Theses and Dissertations

The recognizable motifs of the immigrant tale have been upended, as the traditional

narrative has been adapted to capture the multitude of directions, individuals, nations, and paths

of the twenty-first century migrant. In four chapters, I examine selected works from the authors

Colum McCann, Junot Díaz, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie to argue for a new

designation, “post-immigrant literature.” Post-immigrant literature treats critically the themes of

loss, regret, and forced assimilation from perspectives shaped by post-colonial, post-modern and

post-identity politics thinking. Rather than narratives stressing the limitations imposed by

deterministic social forces, post-immigrant texts posit more agency, and anxiety, …


They Were Never Silent, You Just Weren't Listening: Buffalo's Black Activists In The Age Of Urban Renewal, Domonique Griffin Apr 2017

They Were Never Silent, You Just Weren't Listening: Buffalo's Black Activists In The Age Of Urban Renewal, Domonique Griffin

Senior Theses and Projects

“They Were Never Silent” will explore the inner workings and impact of both top-down and bottom-up approaches to Urban Renewal for African Americans in the city of Buffalo. For decades, government funded projects that arose in the name of “saving” inner-cities have been guilty of concentrating poverty into centralized areas, directing monies toward downtown development that dislocated families, excessive housing clearance, and modernizing segregation in the form of public housing projects. However, we have yet to fully explore how black community members crafted their own visions of a revitalized city. Many of the most significant bottom-up Urban Renewal developments have …


Portfolio Vol. Ii N 2, Chester Varney, Don Barlow, Bill C. West, Robert Gordon, Kenneth Maxwell, Harry J. Sweitzer, James Black, Ed Deeds, Paul Saunders, Bob Smith, David Mitchell, James Hahn Mar 2017

Portfolio Vol. Ii N 2, Chester Varney, Don Barlow, Bill C. West, Robert Gordon, Kenneth Maxwell, Harry J. Sweitzer, James Black, Ed Deeds, Paul Saunders, Bob Smith, David Mitchell, James Hahn

Portfolio

Browne, Phil. "Beaver ad Sawyer at Night". Picture. 2.

Varney, Chester. "To Dream Beyond". Prose. 3.

West, Bill C. "Admonition" Poem. 6.

West, Bill C. "Insomnia" Poem. 6.

Barlow, Don. "Heart Determines". Prose. 7.

Gordon, Robert. "From an Unknown Innocent to..." Poem, 11.

Black, James. "Playing Around". Prose. 13.

Parsons, Edith. "The Turtle Baby". Picture. 14.

Deeds, Ed. "Raymond Scott - - Classic Swing". Prose. 15.

Schrechkengost, Viktor. "Black Sheep-The Creature God Forgot". Picture. 14.

Smith, Bob. "Review of New Recordings". Prose. 15.

Saunders, Paul. "Book Reviews and Comments". Prose. 16.

Browne, Phil. "to Patsy". Picture. 17.

Sandor, Joseph. "Meditation". …


Portfolio Vol. I N 2, Thomas R. Wiley, Richard Whitehead Jr., Dorothy Deane, Adela Beckham, Elizabeth Kellogg, Norman Nadel, Doris Jean Flory, Paul Bough Travis, George Bellows, John Stewart, Harry J. Sweitzer, Edward Ellsberg, Jane Brush, Wilson Gordon Mar 2017

Portfolio Vol. I N 2, Thomas R. Wiley, Richard Whitehead Jr., Dorothy Deane, Adela Beckham, Elizabeth Kellogg, Norman Nadel, Doris Jean Flory, Paul Bough Travis, George Bellows, John Stewart, Harry J. Sweitzer, Edward Ellsberg, Jane Brush, Wilson Gordon

Portfolio

Wiley, Thomas R. "In the Cathedral, Mexico City". Picture. 2.

Whitehead, Richard Jr. "Izzy was a Lady, After All". Prose. 3.

Beckham, Adela. "Rain on a March morning". Poem. 6.

Beckham, Adela. "Heaven". Poem. 6.

Deane, Dorothy. "Temptation". Poem. 6.

Kellogg, Elizabeth. "Gruess Dich Gott". Prose. 7.

Nadel, Norman. "The Duchess". Poem. 8.

Dick, Pewilla. "The Sligo Fisherman". Prose. 9.

Deane, Dorothy. "Against the Winter". Poem 12.

Flory, Doris Jean. "A problem". Poem 12.

Travis, Paul Bough. "My First View of the Congo Forest". Picture. 13.

Bellows, George. "Stag at Sharkey's". Picture. 13.

B.C.W. "Aspiration". Poem. 14.

Stewart, John. "On …


Flamingo Vol. Ix N 6, George Macdonald, Orville Smrcina, William Randel, Blair Willison, Richard Canary, Clyde Shumaker, Phoebe Folkerth, Emma Coffman Mar 2017

Flamingo Vol. Ix N 6, George Macdonald, Orville Smrcina, William Randel, Blair Willison, Richard Canary, Clyde Shumaker, Phoebe Folkerth, Emma Coffman

Flamingo

McDonald, George. Cover. Picture. 0

Ohio State Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 1.

Arizona Kittykat. Untitled. Prose. 1.

Sour Owl. Untitled. Prose. 3.

Dartmouth Jack O'Lantern. Untitled. Prose. 2.

Brown Jug. Untitled. Prose. 3.

Illinois Siren. Untitled. Prose. 3.

Kitty-Kat. Untitled. Prose. 3.

Ohio State Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 4.

Wabash Caveman. Untitled. Prose. 4.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 4.

McDonald, George. Untitled. Picture. 8.

Anonymous. "Flamingo Gripes and Groans". Prose. 9.

Smrcina, Orville. Untitled. Picture. 10.

Anonymous. "A Little Vow For Leap Year". Prose. 10.

Kline, I.D. "Gwendolyn Strikes Out, or, Set 'Em Up In The Other Alley". Prose. 10.

Smrcina, …


Flamingo Vol. Ix N 4, Orville Smrcin, George Mcdonald, Bud Watkins, Eugenia Bibby, Lon Chaney Mar 2017

Flamingo Vol. Ix N 4, Orville Smrcin, George Mcdonald, Bud Watkins, Eugenia Bibby, Lon Chaney

Flamingo

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 1.

Anonymous. "Fame". Prose. 1.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 3.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 4.

Smrcina, Orville. "Big Campus Celebrities No.". Picture. 0.

Smrcina, Orville. Untitled Picture. 8.

Anonymous. "Gripes and Groans". Prose. 9.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 11.

Anonymous. "The Campus Celebrity". Prose. 11.

]Less Lee. "Big Problems of Our Big Men". Picture. 11.

Less Lee. "Big Problems of Our Big Men". Picture. 10.

Less Lee. "The 'Varsity Drag". Picture. 10.

R.M.M. "And When Our Steps Have Feeble Grown". Picture. 11.

Anonymous. "Get Your Head Down, Big Boy". Prose. 11.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16.

Less …


Flamingo Vol. Ix N 2, Ester Wood, Avery Albert Shaw, George Mcdonald, Orville Beardsley, Ruth Sarles, Ann Price Mar 2017

Flamingo Vol. Ix N 2, Ester Wood, Avery Albert Shaw, George Mcdonald, Orville Beardsley, Ruth Sarles, Ann Price

Flamingo

Wood, Ester. Cover. Picture. 0.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 1.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 3.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 4.

Anonymous. "Gripes and Groans". Prose. 9.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

H.W. Untitled. Picture. 10.

Anonymous. "Typical Frosh Girl". Cartoon. 12.

Anonymous. "And How?". Poem. 12.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 12.

Anonymous. "Some Items Copied From Student's Examination Papers". Prose. 12.

Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 12.

McDonald, George. Untitled. Cartoon. 8.

McDonald, George. "Things That Freshmen Never Know". Cartoon. 13.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 15.

McDonald, George and Beardsley. "A Garden of Roses in the Ghetto". Picture. 16.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16.

Anonymous. "I Like Freshmen". Prose. …


Flamingo Vol. Iv N 9, Carola Morin, Joseph Speicher, Bernice K. Randel Mar 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iv N 9, Carola Morin, Joseph Speicher, Bernice K. Randel

Flamingo

Anonymous. Cover. Picture. 0.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 6.

C.K. Flamingo. Picture. 7.

E.T. Late Spring. Prose. 7.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 8.

Aussi. TO Q. S. Poem. 8.

Kibby. HORACE, BOOK I, ODE NINE. Poem. 9.

X. EXCLUSION. Poem .9.

I.K. DISAPPOINTMENT. Poem. 9.

G.W. March. Poem. 9.

V. TO A PICTURE. Poem. 9.

I.K. I KNOW A POEM. Poem. 9.

Z.X. Lovesick. Poem. 9.

Cal. Our Serenade. Poem. 10.

G.W. Irish Lullaby. Poem. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

C.E.D. A Lass! Poem. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

CeMorin. Walnuts. Picture. 11.

Anonymous. …


Flamingo Vol. Iv N 7, Edward A. Schmitz, Delmar Ubersax, Virginia Reel Mar 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iv N 7, Edward A. Schmitz, Delmar Ubersax, Virginia Reel

Flamingo

Schmitz, E. Cover. Picture. 0.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 7.

Schmitz. George Platt Knox- Dean. Picture. 8.

C.K. Flamingo. Picture. 9.

E.B.T. Christmas Eve. Prose. 9.

Anonymous. "We pray that Time will ever greet thee . . ." Picture. 12.

F.R. Awgawan. Poem. 12.

V.F. Song. Poem. 12.

F.R. When? Poem. 12.

F.R. Drifting. Poem. 12.

V. Doggies' Lament. Poem. 12.

O.L. Love Chant. Poem. 12.

V.J. Seers. Poem. 12.

V.J. Last of All. Poem. 12.

Cal. Untitled. Poem. 12.

Aussi. A Reasonable Doubt. Poem. 12.

R.P. Which Got What. Prose. 13.

Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 13.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13.

Anonymous. …


Flamingo Vol. Iv N 6, Edward A. Schmitz, Delmar Ubersax, Ellis Fuller Parsons Mar 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iv N 6, Edward A. Schmitz, Delmar Ubersax, Ellis Fuller Parsons

Flamingo

E.B. Cover. Picture. 0.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5.

Schmitz, E. EDWARD A. DEEDS The Colonel. Picture. 6.

C.K. Flamingo. Picture. 7.

H.W.B. KISMET. Prose. 7.

Tuttled, F.B. AUTUMN IN GRANVILLE. Poem. 8.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 8.

F.R. SHE LOVES SHE! Poem. 8.

Anonymous. The Windfall. Poem. 8.

I.K. SHEPARDSON CAMPUS ON A NIGHT OF MIST. Poem. 8.

F.R. You. Poem. 8.

G.W. AN AUTUMN DAY. Poem. 8.

F.R. WE JANES! Poem. 9.

F. AINT LlFE AWFUL. Poem. 9.

F.R. LITTLE BOY BLUE. Poem. 9.

Anonymous. "—UNDER THEIR SKINS." Poem. 9.

W.G. SOONER OR LATER. Prose. 9.

C.K. Untitled. Picture. 10. …


Flamingo Vol. Iv N 1, Turpin Bannister, Dick Davis, Clyde E. Keeler, Grayce Williams, Virginia Reel Feb 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iv N 1, Turpin Bannister, Dick Davis, Clyde E. Keeler, Grayce Williams, Virginia Reel

Flamingo

Anonymous. Cover. 0.

W. Va. Workman. Untitled. Prose. 1.

E.S. Untitled. Picture. 5.

C.K. "They say that the army is getting to be all bunk." Picture. 6.

Chef, A. Eight Ball. Prose. 7.

Bannister. Untitled. Picture. 8.

W.A.V. JANE AND ME. Poem. 9.

H.M.K. Environments. Poem. 9.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 9.

C.H.L. Life. Poem. 9.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 9.

C.K. MY BIG SISTER, SHE. Poem. 9.

C.K. INHERITANCE. Poem. 9.

Anonymous. D'JA KNOW THIS? Prose. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 10.

Davis, Dick. Officer of the Guard—"If anything moves, …


Flamingo Vol. Iii N 9, Kilburn Holt Feb 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iii N 9, Kilburn Holt

Flamingo

Tyroler. Cover. Picture. 0.

Disk Ard. Abridged Love Lyric. Picture and Poem. 4.

H.G.P. THE FLAMINGO'S BOOKSHELF. Prose. 5.

H.G.P. THE FLAMINGO'S BOOKSHELF. Prose. 5.

Mail. We Do Barrymore. Prose. 6.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 6.

Tastings, Silo. Can You Live on What You Get to Eat? Prose. 8.

Anonymous. This sleek and prosperous looking mouse is from the most successfully growing pen as reported in this article. Picture. 8.

Anonymous. This is the mouse that Beta bunked. Picture. 8.

Anonymous. Common's Club Mouse. Picture. 9.

Anonymous. Shephardson Dining Hall Mouse. Picture. 9.

Anonymous. SILO TASTINGS. Picture. 9.

Anonymous. Fife Lines. …


Accounting In Fiction, S. Ray Granade Feb 2017

Accounting In Fiction, S. Ray Granade

Articles

A bibliography of fiction in which accountants are characters, or in which accountancy plays a part in the plot.


Flamingo Vol. Iii N 7, William A. Vogel, Delmar Ubersax, Ted Robinson Feb 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iii N 7, William A. Vogel, Delmar Ubersax, Ted Robinson

Flamingo

Clyde. Cover. Picture. 0.

Beanpot. Untitled. Prose. 1.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5.

C.O. Untitled. Poem. 5.

Anonymous. DEEDS FIELD, NOVEMBER 25, 1922. Picture. 6.

Anonymous. THE LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE OF SWASEY CHAPEL HOME-COMING DAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1922. Picture. 6.

Anonymous. For Denison. Prose. 6.

Vogel, W.A. The Outcast. Prose. 7.

Anonymous. Some Views on Ethics. Prose. 8.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 8.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 8.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 8.

Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 8.

C.O. Untitled. Poem. 8.

K.K.H. Canyon Cascade. Poem. 9.

C.O. The Moon. Poem. 9.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 9.

Bill. Dear Editor. Poem. 9.

K.K.H. REVERIE. …


Flamingo Vol. Iii N 1, William A. Vogel, Russell Rine, Virginia Reel, Edward A. Schmitz Feb 2017

Flamingo Vol. Iii N 1, William A. Vogel, Russell Rine, Virginia Reel, Edward A. Schmitz

Flamingo

E.B. Cover. Picture. 0.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 5.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 5.

Anonymous. Untitled. Picture. 5.

Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 5.

Chaparral. Show This to the Livy. Prose. 5.

Lemon Punch. Show This to the Livy. Prose. 5.

Burr, Leigh. Fair and Warmer. Prose. 5.

Judge. Fair and Warmer. Prose. 5.

Record. Fair and Warmer. Prose. 5.

Anonymous. Cutting, Isn't It?. Picture. 6.

Vogel, W.A. Twentieth Century Romance. Prose. 7.

Q. Meditation. Poem. 8.

M.I.D. Morning, The Seventeenth. Poem. 8.

Anonymous. The Engagement. Poem. 8.

Rine, Russell. On Rolling Pins. Poem. 9.

G.M.C. Evening Star. Poem. 9.

G.M.C. An Orison. Poem. …


Civil Rights Gone Wrong: Racial Nostalgia, Historical Memory, And The Boston Busing Crisis In Contemporary Children’S Literature, Lynnell L. Thomas Jan 2017

Civil Rights Gone Wrong: Racial Nostalgia, Historical Memory, And The Boston Busing Crisis In Contemporary Children’S Literature, Lynnell L. Thomas

American Studies Faculty Publication Series

On May 14, 2014, three white Boston city councilors refused to vote to approve a resolution honoring the sixtieth anniversary of Brown v. the Board of Education because, as one remarked, “I didn’t want to get into a debate regarding forced busing in Boston.” Against the recent national proliferation of celebrations of civil rights milestones and legislation, the controversy surrounding the fortieth anniversary of the court decision that mandated busing to desegregate Boston public schools speaks volumes about the historical memory of Boston’s civil rights movement. Two highly acclaimed contemporary works of children’s literature set during or inspired by Boston’s …


Our Thriving Neighbors. A Shaker Elder Tells Of The Success Of His Colony Adjoining St. Cloud., Ezra J. Stewart Jan 2017

Our Thriving Neighbors. A Shaker Elder Tells Of The Success Of His Colony Adjoining St. Cloud., Ezra J. Stewart

American Communal Societies Quarterly

Reprint of an article published in the September 16, 1909, St. Cloud Tribune.


Cassava And Arrowroot. Two Prolific Plants Which Promise Great Profits In The Coming Industrial Development Of Florida., Ezra J. Stewart Jan 2017

Cassava And Arrowroot. Two Prolific Plants Which Promise Great Profits In The Coming Industrial Development Of Florida., Ezra J. Stewart

American Communal Societies Quarterly

Reprint of an article published in the December 23, 1909, St. Cloud Tribune.


Cultural Resources Investigations For The Gregory Haul Road Project, San Patricio County, Texas, Laura I. Acuña, M. Kelly Russell Jan 2017

Cultural Resources Investigations For The Gregory Haul Road Project, San Patricio County, Texas, Laura I. Acuña, M. Kelly Russell

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On behalf of Gulf Coast Growth Venture Asset Holding, LLC (GCGV LLC), Atkins North America, Inc. (Atkins) conducted an intensive cultural resources survey of a 2.37-kilometer (km; 1.47 miles [mi]) haul road and 0.32-km (0.20 mi) duct bank location near Gregory, Texas, in San Patricio County, Texas. The proposed haul road is located southwest of the town of Gregory, between Farm-to-Market (FM) Road 2986 and U.S. Highway (US) 181 (Figure 1). The property is owned by the Port of Corpus Christi Authority (POCCA), a political-subdivision of the state, which requires the proposed work to comply with the Antiquities Code of …


Language, Immigration And Acculturation In The Short Stories Of Ha Jin, Louis J. Parascandola, Rajul Punjabi Jan 2017

Language, Immigration And Acculturation In The Short Stories Of Ha Jin, Louis J. Parascandola, Rajul Punjabi

Asian American Literature: Discourses & Pedagogies

"The Problems of Acculturation: Flushing, Queens, in the Short Stories of Ha Jin"

Abstract:

Noted author Ha Jin is often thought of as a Chinese author despite the fact that all of his writing has been written in English. Two of his later works, A Free Life (2007) and A Good Fall (2009) are set among the Chinese community in Flushing, Queens. This essay examines three short stories "An English Professor," "A Pension Plan," and "Temporary Love" from A Good Fall. In these works, Jin discusses the problems of acculturation these immigrants face, including learning English, finding employment, and dealing …


Book Of Empire: The Political Bible Of U.S. Literary Modernism, Barry Hudek Jan 2017

Book Of Empire: The Political Bible Of U.S. Literary Modernism, Barry Hudek

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

“Book of Empire” reveals that contrary to what is often suggested by scholars, modernism is not a moment of secularization and declining faith and that the Bible is actually a resource for mounting a radical critique of empire, nation-building, and racial oppression that defies conservative notions supporting those undertakings. For Willa Cather, William Faulkner, and Zora Neale Hurston, the Bible is a source of moral authority they use to challenge the imperialist, colonialist, and nativist projects of the twentieth-century U.S. In rebranding the Bible as politically radical, these writers are not denying the authority of the Bible, but are re-appropriating …


Rustic Roots And Fiddle Hell: An Ethnography Of Fiddle Camps In The Northeastern United States, Flannery Blanchard Brown Jan 2017

Rustic Roots And Fiddle Hell: An Ethnography Of Fiddle Camps In The Northeastern United States, Flannery Blanchard Brown

Senior Projects Spring 2017

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Arts of Bard College.


American Culture Of Servitude: The Problem Of Domestic Service In Antebellum Literature And Culture, Andrea Holliger Jan 2017

American Culture Of Servitude: The Problem Of Domestic Service In Antebellum Literature And Culture, Andrea Holliger

Theses and Dissertations--English

My dissertation argues that domestic service alters a culture’s relationship to the laboring body. I theorize this relationship via popular literary and cultural antebellum texts to explore the effects of servitude as a trope. Methodologically, each chapter reads a literary text in context with social and legal paradigms to 1) demonstrate that servitude undergirds myriad articulations of antebellum power and difference; 2) show how servitude inflects the construction of these paradigms; and 3) trace Americans’ changing relationship to the concept of servitude from the Early Republic through the Civil War.

I begin with James Fenimore Cooper’s The Pioneers (1823), exploring …


When Choice Is An Illusion: Suppression Of Women In William Styron's "Holocaust" Novel, William Sewell Jan 2017

When Choice Is An Illusion: Suppression Of Women In William Styron's "Holocaust" Novel, William Sewell

Research & Publications

This article examines how Styron shapes Sophie's Choice through Southern Gothic literary techniques. In particular, we will explore the development of Sophie, who throughout the story served as the Gothic archetype of the "damsel in distress." She is a heroine who lacks agency,a character with "a tendency to faint and a need to be rescued– frequently." Ultimately, the harsh suppression of female identity entrenched in Gothic literature contributes to the "unimaginable pain" that forces female characters like Sophie to make their "choice." Finally, we will examine how Sophie, controlled throughout her life, really does not have a real "choice" when …