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Accuracy Of Equations Predicting The Phyllochron Of Wheat, Gregory S. Mcmaster, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Predicting the rate of leaf appearance, or phyllochron, aids in understanding and modeling grass development and growth. Nine equations predicting the phyllochron of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated using field data from a variety of locations, cultivars, and management practices. Each equation is referred to by the last name of the first author; if there is more than one equation by the first author, additional descriptors were included. The BAKER and KIRBY equations predict the phyllochron based on changes in daylength following seedling emergence; CAO-TEMP and CAO-DAY use a curvilinear relationship with temperature and daylength, respectively; CAO-T&D uses the …

Arkansas Rice Research Studies 1994, B. R. Wells

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The research reports in this publication represent one year of results; therefore, these results should not be used as a basis for longterm recommendations. Several research reports in this publication dealing with soil fertility also appear in Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 1994, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series 443. This duplication is the result of the overlap in research coverage between the two series and our effort to inform Arkansas rice producers of all the research being conducted with funds from the rice check-off.

Washington State Initiatives For Sustainable Water Use, Kenneth O. Slattery

Sustainable Use of the West's Water (Summer Conference, June 12-14)

8 pages.

Is Sustainable Agriculture Possible In The Arid West?: The Example Of The Ogallala Aquifer, John Opie

Sustainable Use of the West's Water (Summer Conference, June 12-14)

16 pages.

Contains 2 pages of references.

Agenda: Sustainable Use Of The West's Water, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Sustainable Use of the West's Water (Summer Conference, June 12-14)

Conference organizers and/or faculty included University of Colorado School of Law professors David H. Getches, Lawrence J. MacDonnell, Teresa A. Rice, Elizabeth A. Rieke and Charles F. Wilkinson.

Sustainable development is on the policy agenda for the '90s. What does sustainability mean? Is it a realistic concept? Are water rights compatible with sustainable use? The Center's 16th annual summer conference will explore the meaning of sustainability in the context of the West's demands, development, and natural values. Presentations by leading experts will address the broad concept of sustainable development, with a particular look at Arizona's experience. The focus will be …

Corn-Soybean Rotation Effects On Soil And Plant N Indices, G. E. Varvel, N. L. Klocke, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An irrigated study comparing monoculture corn and corn-soybean systems is being conducted on a uniform site in the Platte Valley of Nebraska. Four corn hybrids differing in yield potential, maturity, and stay-green characteristics are used in both the monoculture and rotation systems with five N-fertilizer rates. Stalk nitrate-nitrogen concentrations determined in mature corn plants at harvest have been used in many areas of the country as an indicator of the amount of N available to those plants. In this study, stalk nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (taken after the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons) reflected differences in N status between and within the …

Yield And N Uptake Of Inbred Corn With Reduced N-Fertilizer Application, Wallace Wilhelm, B. E. Johnson, R. Koopman, W. R. Peterson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Most corn planted in the United States is a single-cross hybrid; therefore the seed is produced on inbred lines. Inbreds are known to be less productive than the resultant hybrids; however, growers and seed companies want to maximize seed production. To this end growers attempt to keep mineral nutrition, especially nitrogen, non-limiting. Low production potential and high N fertilization rates can result in the likelihood of groundwater contamination. Key to proper N application is knowledge of the N response of inbred lines. The purpose of this research was to determine the yield and N uptake response of a group of …

Addition Of Cellulolytic Clostridia To The Bovine Rumen And Pig Intestinal Tract, Vincent H. Varel, J.T. Yen, Kelly K. Kreikmeier

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Studies were conducted to determine whether intestinal cellulolytic bacteria could be introduced into the bovine rumen or pig large intestine. In the first study, the ruminal fluid of three cows was evacuated and replaced with 20 liters of buffer and 6 liters of the ruminal or swine cellulolytic organism Clostridium longisporum or Clostridium herbivorans, respectively. The introduced organisms were the predominant cellulolytic bacterium in the fluid (>107 cells ml21) at 0 h. C. longisporum was still the predominant cellulolytic organism after 5 h, at 0.55 3 107 cells ml21; however, after 24 h the count of C. longisporum …

Proceedings Of The 22nd Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (February 20-22, 1995, St. Louis, Missouri), John Rupe, Brian M. Anderson, Robert P. Mulrooney, Gabe Sciumbato, Glenn G. Hammes

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Business session

Soybean Disease Loss Estimate for the Southern United States during 1994. JA Wrather

Treasurer report. GG Hammes

SSDW Committee Chairmen for 1994-1995

Graduate student papers

Host preference of Rotylenchulus reniformis for weed species common to Louisiana soybean. CH Carter, EC McGawley, and JS Russin

Development of an immunoassay for Heterodera glycines eggs. MJ Kennedy, JE Schoelz, TL Niblack, PA Donald

Effects of delayed planting and host susceptibility on colonization of soybean by Calonectria crotalariae and development of red crown rot. PU Kuruppu, JS Russin, and EC McGawley

Effects of long-term corn/soybean rotation on pathogenicity of Pythium populations …

Intsormil Annual Report 1994, John M. Yohe, Joan Frederick, Dorothy Stoner

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

USAID conducted an overall evaluation of the Collaborative Research Support Programs (CRSPs), including lNTSORMIL, between May and July 1994. According to the "CRSP Evaluation Scope of Work" developed by USAID, the goal of this evaluation was to provide an objective assessment of the degree to which each of the CRSPs has had an impact on increasing agricultural production and development, and improving natural resource management through the development and dissemination of new and/or more appropriate sustainable agriculture technologies. The evaluation also assessed the extent to which the CRSP framework has responded to past Agency expectations and objectives and if the …

Environmental Modification Of Hard Red Winter Wheat Flour Protein Composition, Robert A. Graybosch, C. J. Peterson, P. Stephen Baenziger, D. R. Shelton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The intrinsic processing quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars is modified significantly by cultural conditions and climate. In an attempt to understand the biochemical basis of such variation, environmental modification of flour protein content and composition was measured. Thirty hard red winter wheat cultivars and experimental lines were grown at 17 Nebraska environments during 1990 and 1991. Environmental conditions, including grain filling duration, temperature and relative humidity during grain filling, were monitored. Grain yield and test weight also were determined as environmental indicators. Significant linear correlations between flour protein content, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, were observed only …

Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis Gen. Nov. Et Sp. Nov. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) From Muskoxen, Ovibos Moschafus, In The Central Canadian Arctic, With Comments On Biology And Biogeography, Eric P. Hoberg, Lydden Polley, A. Gunn, J. S. Nishi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is established for a protostrongylid nematode in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the Kitikmeot Region (central Arctic) of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is distinguished from Cystocaulus and other Muelleriinae by characters that include the following: males: deeply incised, bilobed bursa, independent externodorsal rays, telamon composed of distal transverse plate, absence of falcate crurae, and spicules not distally split; females: absence of provagina; and first-stage larvae: presence of three cuticular folds on the tail. The great length of females (468 mm) and males (171 mm) is exceptional among the Protostrongylidae. Pathognomonic lesions include …

Coordination Of Adsorbed Boron: A Ftir Spectroscopic Study, Chunming Su, Donald L. Suarez

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We studied B adsorption on amorphous aluminum and iron hydroxides, allophane, and kaolinite as a function of pH and initial B concentration. Boron adsorption lowered the point of zero charge of all four adsorbents, implying specific adsorption (inner-sphere complexation) of B. We provided novel information on the coordination of B adsorbed at mineral-water interfaces by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The ATR-FTIR spectra of interfacial B species were influenced by pH and mineral type. Strong trigonal B and weak tetrahedral B bands of the asymmetric stretching mode were observed on the difference spectra at pH
≈7 for …

Endocrinology Of The Avian Reproductive System, Mary Ann Ottinger, Murray R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the avian reproductive system. Attention is given to the neuroendocrine regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary gland hormones as well as the target tissues regulated by these hormones. Emphasis is placed on the dynamics of the system and the effects of alterations resulting from environmental and other influences on the function of the reproductive system. The ovulatory cycle, oviduct, and shell gland are discussed relative to egg formation and the hormonal regulation of this process. Testicular function and the cellular bases for spermatogenesis and steroid production are also discussed.

Quantitative Mass Production Of Hydrotaea Aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae), Jerome Hogsette, Frank Washington

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A covered oviposition device was developed that allows collection of large numbers of Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) (formerly Ophyra aenescens) eggs. Eggs can be measured and known numbers added to larval rearing medium so this beneficial fly can be reared quantitatively for the first time. With the use of quantitative rearing techniques and a new diet consisting of 5 parts Gainesville house fly diet and 1 part meat and bone meal, H. aenescens can be mass-reared easily for biological control studies.

Brown· Midrib Sorghum Silage For Midlactation Dairy Cows, R. J. Grant, S. G. Haddad, K. J. Moore, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Brown midrib sorghum silage was compared with alfalfa, corn, and normal sorghum silages for its effect on performance, ruminal metabolism, and digestive kinetics of Holstein dairy cows in midlactation. Twelve cows averaging 90 ± 5 DIM were assigned to one of four diets in replicated 4 X 4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods. Additionally, 3 ruminally fistulated cows (95 ± 20 DIM) were assigned to the same diets in a 3x 4 Youden square for measurement of ruminal characteristics. Diets were fed as isonitrogenous TMR that contained 65% silage (OM basis). The DMl was greater for the corn and brown …

Effect Of Semen Storage On The Number Of Spermatozoa In The Perivitelline Layer Of Laid Turkey Eggs, A. M. Donoghue, M. R. Bakst, D. R. Holsberger, D. J. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A progressive decline in fertility over the course of egg production may be observed when turkey hens are inseminated weekly with semen stored for 24 h. In vitro storage of spermatozoa before insemination results in lower fertilization, possibly because fewer spermatozoa survive selection and storage in the hen's sperm storage tubules in vivo; alternatively, stored spermatozoa may be as capable of reaching the egg as are fresh spermatozoa, but unable to penetrate and fertilize the egg normally. The objective of this study was to determine whether this decline in fertility is a result of fewer spermatozoa reaching the egg …

Seed Physiology, Production & Technology, Wallace Wilhelm, B.E. Johnson, J. S. Schepers

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Detasseling is used in hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) seed production to ensure harvested seeds have the desired genetic complement. Both mechanical and hand detasseling result in loss of some leaf tissue and plant N. The objective of this study was to determine if seed yield and quality and N content of grain and stover were affected by leaf removal during detasseling. The treatments evaluated were removal of tassel only, tassel plus one leaf, tassel plus two leaves, tassel plus three leaves, tassel plus four leaves, and no tissue removed (control). The leaf area index (LAI) declined linearly, about …

Genetic And Phenotypic (Co)Variances For Growth And Carcass Traits Of Purebred And Composite Populations Of Beef Cattle, K. E. Gregory, L. V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Least squares means, genetic (σ_g), and phenotypic (σ_p) standard deviations, and phenotypic coefficients of variation (CV) were estimated on an age-constant basis for growth, carcass, and meat traits of castrate males from 12 breed groups combined, for 9 purebreds combined, and for the F3 generation of three composite populations combined to which the nine purebreds contributed. Also, heritabilities ( h²) and genetic ( r_g) and phenotypic ( r_p) correlations were estimated among growth, carcass, and meat traits for all breed groups combined involving 1,594 individuals that were the progeny of …

Symposium On The Phyllochron: Importance Of The Phyllochron In Studying Development And Growth In Grasses, Wallace Wilhelm, Gregory S. Mcmaster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The phyllochron, which is defined as the interval between similar growth stages of successive leaves on the same culm, has been used extensively to describe and understand development of grasses. The purpose of this paper is to introduce seven papers presented as part of the symposium Understanding Development and Growth in Grasses: Role of the Phyllochron Concept. Environmental (temperature, water, and day length) factors and genetics affect the duration of the phyllochron. The following seven papers broaden the discussion of these topics and present new concepts about how the environment and genetics impact the relationship between leaf appearance and …

Local Action Of Trophoblast Interferons In Suppression Of The Development Of Oxytocin And Oestradiol Receptors In Ovine Endometrium, G. E. Lamming, D. C. Wathes, A. P. F. Flint, J. H. Payne, K. R. Stevenson, J. L. Vallet

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Luteolysis in sheep is associated with uterine secretion of pulses of prostaglandin F_2α(PGF_2α) due to the action of luteal oxytocin on endometrial oxytocin receptors. For pregnancy to become established inhibition of oxytocin receptors is important as an antiluteolytic mechanism. The maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle and sheep involves production, by the trophoblast, of a type 1 interferon (IFN-τ)that suppresses uterine development of oxytocin receptors and the generation of luteolytic episodes of PGF_2α. The action of IFN-τ in surgically prepared unilaterally pregnant ewes was investigated. Finn-Dorset ewes were anaesthetized on day 6 or 7 …

In Vitro Starch Disappearance Procedure Modifications, C. J. Richards, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. A. Britton, R. A. Stock, C. R. Krehbiel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Four in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios,

grinder type, grind size, and diet of ruminal fluid donor on in vitro starch disappearance. Experiment 1 examined rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination obtained by linear regression of starch disappearance using five grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolur (L.) Moench) lines, a corn (Zeu muys L.) control, and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) control. Grains were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h with inoculum varying in proportion of ruminal fluid and artificial saliva ( l:l, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). In …

An Automated Plot Harvest System For Use With A Commercial Forage Harvester, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Kenneth J. Moore

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This automated harvest system is based on minimal modification of currently available commercial forage harvesters. Using 6.8 m plots separated by 0.75 m alleys, a single operator can harvest, finely chop, and collect wet plot weights of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] or pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Hr.] in <1 min per plot. Harvested material is deposited in a pile in the center of each plot. Subsamples for moisture and quality analysis can easily and safely be obtained from the pile.

1994 Csrs Research Reports/1994 Blueberry Tax Reports, Mary Ellen Camire, Kamil Belbez, Alfred A. Bushway, Huanli Zhang, Therese M. Work, Dick Work, Rodney J. Bushway, Brian Perkins, John M. Smagula, David E. Yarborough, Timothy M. Hess, Michele C. Marra, Raoul Pelletier, H Y. Forsythe Jr, Judith A. Collins, Frank A. Drummond, Constance S. Stubbs, David H. Lambert, Paul E. Capiello, Scott Dunham, Delmont Emerson, Walter Litten, Youzhi Chen, Kevin J. Sibley, John Jemison

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1994 edition of the CSRS Research Reports/Blueberry Tax Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

CSRS Research Reports

1. Potential Uses for Green and Red Cull Blueberries

2. Preventing the Bleeding of Blueberry Fruit in Bakery Products

3. The Effect of Fertilization and Irrigation on Blueberry Fruit Quality

4. Determination of Pesticide Residue Levels in Freshly Harvested and Processed Lowbush Blueberries

5. The Effect of Mechanical Harvesting on Blueberry Fruit Quality

6. Removing Water from …

Alternative Approaches To On-Farm Research And Technology Exchange, Charles A. Francis, Victoria Mundy, Rhonda Janke, James King

CARI Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Decision Case Studies are Ideal for On-Farm Research by R. Kent Crookston (University of Minnesota)

Use of On-Farm Research by Farmers for Technology Development and Transfer by Stewart Wuest, Baird Miller, Stephen Guy, Russ Karow, Rojer Veseth, and Donald Wysocki (Washington State University, University of Idaho, and Oregon State University)

Best Information for Choosing Crop Varieties by Dale Hicks and Robert Stucker (University of Minnesota)

Adaptability Analysis for Diverse Environments by Peter Hildebrand and John Russell (University of Florida and Washington State University)

Complementary Abilities and Objectives in On-Farm Research by Derrick Exner (Iowa State University)

Credibility of On-Farm Research …