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Productivity And Genotypic Diversity Of Trifolium Ambiguum In The Central Caucasian Mountains, Georgia, R G. Patterson, P R. Espie
Productivity And Genotypic Diversity Of Trifolium Ambiguum In The Central Caucasian Mountains, Georgia, R G. Patterson, P R. Espie
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Trifolium ambiguum occurred in12 diverse grassland communities, ranging from 1700 m to 2850 m, in the Kasbegi region, Central Caucasus. Total herbage mass in mid summer ranged from 310 to 763 g/m2with T. ambiguum composition ranging from 0.5 to 51%. Maximum T. ambiguum production occurred in fertile, regularly mown hay meadows, but was reduced in severely grazed pastures. It has persisted in these communities after centuries of grazing or cutting, without fertiliser input. T. ambiguum ploidy levels were predominantly diploid (82% frequency of occurrence), often in conjunction with triploid (18%) or tetraploid (27%) genotypes. The triploid T. ambiguum genotype ( …
Nitrogen Nutrition Of Brant (Branta Bernicla L.) Grazing On Saltmarsh And Pasture Species, G Q.A Anderson, M Andrews, S M. Percival, J S. Kirby
Nitrogen Nutrition Of Brant (Branta Bernicla L.) Grazing On Saltmarsh And Pasture Species, G Q.A Anderson, M Andrews, S M. Percival, J S. Kirby
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Captive brant Branta bernicla were fed a range of food plants to determine their ability to digest nitrogen and specifically soluble protein. Soluble protein levels in droppings were only a small fraction of those in plants, indicating substantial uptake or conversion. For white clover Trifolium repens L., uric acid content indicated that at least 50% of excreted nitrogen had been metabolised, strongly suggesting that a substantial fraction of soluble protein is utilised by the geese. Carbon/nitrogen ratios increased from plants to droppings while carbon/hydrogen ratios remained nearly constant indicating greater uptake of nitrogen relative to carbon. T. repens was found …
Measuring Spatial Variation Within Pastures, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones
Measuring Spatial Variation Within Pastures, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Paddock means of pasture yield and composition can be inadequate or even misleading due to the spatial variability within pastures. The use of visual estimation procedures, particularly the BOTANAL technique, provides data suitable for analysing variability as many quadrats are sampled within the one paddock. Examples show how data from routine BOTANAL samplings can reveal small and paddock scale spatial variation, and how BOTANAL data can be used to examine relationships between the yield of legume and grass in a mixed pasture grazed at different stocking rates.
Effect Of Seed Storage On Integrity Of Grass Germplasm, G Zurek
Effect Of Seed Storage On Integrity Of Grass Germplasm, G Zurek
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Experiment on estimation of qualitative changes in populations of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) after seed storage in different conditions were taken. Phenotypical traits for plants derived from seeds stored during 54 months in two different kind of storage conditions were compared. Storage of meadow fescue seed during 54 months in unfavourable conditions resulted in decrease of initial germination as well as in increase of abnormal seedlings and variation. Germination of seed samples stored in cold and dry conditions remain at the initial level. Results of the above experiment prove great variability of tested samples in case of reaction …
Post-Harvest Residue Management For Fine Fescue Seed Crops In Oregon, T G. Chastain, W C. Young Iii, G L. Kiemnec, C J. Garbacik, G A. Gingrich, G H. Cook
Post-Harvest Residue Management For Fine Fescue Seed Crops In Oregon, T G. Chastain, W C. Young Iii, G L. Kiemnec, C J. Garbacik, G A. Gingrich, G H. Cook
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
On-farm trials were conducted from 1992 to 1995 to investigate the efficacy of alternative post-harvest residue management practices for production of fine-leaf fescue seed crops, creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and Chewings fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaud.). Seed yield and seed quality were maintained in Chewings fescue seed crops without burning when residue management techniques removed most of the straw and stubble remaining after harvest. Seed yield was reduced to unacceptable levels by all nonthermal management practices in creeping red fescue.
Proximate Composition Of Mature Seeds From Soybean Plants Grown In Different Environments, T M. Kuo, E Eskins, R L. Cooper
Proximate Composition Of Mature Seeds From Soybean Plants Grown In Different Environments, T M. Kuo, E Eskins, R L. Cooper
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of differences in sunlight irradiation on the accumulation of soluble oligosaccharides in mature soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds and to determine the correlations between important seed constituents. Plants were grown in field houses covered with plastic filters that varied sunlight irradiation. The most obvious effect of both blueand red-deficient sunlight was a reduction in the level of stachyose and sucrose that coincided with an increase in raffinose level and decreased oil content. Blue growth house which was deficient in red light spectrum also produced seeds with an increased protein content. …
Management Requirements For Dryland Creeping Bentgrass Seed Production, D J. Cattani, R Gjuric, D E. Feindel, P R. Miller, S R. Smith Jr
Management Requirements For Dryland Creeping Bentgrass Seed Production, D J. Cattani, R Gjuric, D E. Feindel, P R. Miller, S R. Smith Jr
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An extensive research project was initiated in 1992 to develop a dryland seed production system for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in western Canada. Two objectives involved determining the appropriate renovation method and spring nitrogen timing and rate to maximize seed yield. Renovation experiments included scalping, mowing, aeration, tillage, burning and chemical and mechanical gapping and spring N fertilization experiments included at 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1 at two dates. Scalping (removal of stubble and growth to 1.25 cm) showed the greatest potential to maintain seed yields. Timing of renovation was also important with early (after …
Alfalfa Seed Production Under Marginal Environmental Conditions, S R. Smith Jr, F M. Katepa-Mupondwa, G Huebner
Alfalfa Seed Production Under Marginal Environmental Conditions, S R. Smith Jr, F M. Katepa-Mupondwa, G Huebner
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed production has become an important diversified cropping option for western Canadian producers covering approximately 60,000 ha. The objective of this research was to conduct and interpret a survey of Manitoba alfalfa seed producers from 1992 to 1995. Approximately 1/4 of producers completed the survey with questions ranging from seed yield to crop management practices. The 1992 and 1993 production seasons were characterized by below average temperatures and above average precipitation (historical records) which dramatically affected plant growth, reduced leafcutter bee activity and resulted in an average seed yield of 25 kg/ha. The 1994 and …
Narrow Rows And Residue Management Increase Seed Yield Of Three Turfgrasses, B D. Gossen, J J. Soroka, H Najda
Narrow Rows And Residue Management Increase Seed Yield Of Three Turfgrasses, B D. Gossen, J J. Soroka, H Najda
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Trials were seeded in 1993 at Saskatoon SK and Brooks AB, Canada and assessed in 1994 and 1995 to examine the impact of residue management, row spacing and seeding rate on seed yields of Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and creeping red fescue, with the focus primarily on Kentucky bluegrass. The highest, most consistent yields were achieved in the first production year, and yields were generally highest at narrow (20 - 40 cm) row spacings at that time. Without aggressive residue management such as burning or close mowing (scalping), yield of all three species declined dramatically in the second harvest year …
Evaluation Of Lolium Perenne And Lolium Multiflorum Cultivars In Chilean Andisols, F R. Demanet, M G. Mora
Evaluation Of Lolium Perenne And Lolium Multiflorum Cultivars In Chilean Andisols, F R. Demanet, M G. Mora
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
During the seasons 1992/93, 1993/94, 1994/95, the productive pattern of seven cultivars of Lolium perenne: Nui, Ellett, Santa Elvira, Solo, Embassy, Super Nui, Marathon and five Lolium multiflorum: Tetrone, Montblanc, Concord, Aberoscar, Abercomo, was evaluated in a dryland area of Southern Chile. The average season at yield reached by the evaluated cultivars was statistically similar (P< 0.05). However, Ellett, Solo and Marathon, showed a higher persistence and Tetrone and Montblanc presented a plant structure which might allow a greater complementation with Trifolium pratense.
The Effect Of Paclobutrazol On Seed Yield Components Of Trifolium Subterraneum, J M. Virgona
The Effect Of Paclobutrazol On Seed Yield Components Of Trifolium Subterraneum, J M. Virgona
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Paclobutrazol was sprayed at a rate of 1 kg a.i./ha at and prior to flowering on swards of Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith over two years (1992 and 1993). There was no consistent effect of paclobutrazol on seed yield. Only at the earliest spraying time (20 days before flowering) in 1992 was there a significant increase in yield. Paclobutrazol increased burr and seed number for all spraying times in both years. However, the general absence of a yield response was due to a decrease in seed size in both years. The ratio of surface to buried seed yield and number …
Arthropods, Silvertop, And Grass Seed Yields, J J. Soroka, B D. Gossen, B E. Coulman
Arthropods, Silvertop, And Grass Seed Yields, J J. Soroka, B D. Gossen, B E. Coulman
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
High numbers of various arthropods early in the season, especially thrips, mites, and grass plant bugs, were associated with silvertop injury in six grass seed fields in Saskatchewan in 995. Insect numbers in sweep samples were frequently suppressed for one or two weeks in plots sprayed with an insecticide. Four fields had low levels of arthropods early in the season andoelow incidence of silvertop later on. In a field of Russian wildrye grass with high arthropod populations, seed yield was highest in plots that had been sprayed with insecticide prior to the boot stage of grass growth. In one field …
Residue Management And Establishment Systems For Annual Ryegrass Seed Production, W C. Young Iii, T G. Chastain, M E. Mellbye, C J. Garbacik, B M. Quebbeman
Residue Management And Establishment Systems For Annual Ryegrass Seed Production, W C. Young Iii, T G. Chastain, M E. Mellbye, C J. Garbacik, B M. Quebbeman
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Two on-farm trials were established in 1994 to investigate low cost crop residue management and seeding practices in two cultivars of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) grown for seed production in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Sites varied by soil type and drainage. Stand density was greater in no-till and volunteer established plots at both locations, but straw removal by baling had no effect on stand density. Fertile tiller number and seed yield was reduced in drill sown plots in TAM-90 (poorly drained site); also, fertile tiller number was fewer where no straw removal preceded no-till or volunteer establishment. No difference …
Effect Of White Clover Defoliation On Seed Production And Maturity, Slepetys, R Dapkus
Effect Of White Clover Defoliation On Seed Production And Maturity, Slepetys, R Dapkus
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Experiments were carried out in Lithuania over the period 1990- 1995. They involved white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars Atoliai (large - leaved) and Bitunai (intermediate - leaved). Different defoliation treatments were carried out at a height of 5, 10 and 15 cm every week over the period from 7 May to 18 June. On 21-28 May, two more treatments consisting of an application with 0.5 and 1.0 l ha-1 reglone were added. When defoliation was carried out on 11-18 June, the seed of cv. Bitunai and cv. Atoliai matured 7 d and 13 d later, respectively than the …
Differentiation Of Festuca Pratensis Varieties And Festulolium Hybrids By Electrophoresis, H Hahn, W Schoberlein, K Forster
Differentiation Of Festuca Pratensis Varieties And Festulolium Hybrids By Electrophoresis, H Hahn, W Schoberlein, K Forster
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the present study seed proteins and isozymes of varieties and lines of Festuca pratensis and Festulolium were investigated with the aim of finding methods for the discrimination of meadow fescue varieties and the identification of Festulolium hybrids. The banding patterns of ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing (UTLIEF) of bulked seed samples allowed a clear distinction of Festulolium hybrids of different crossing combinations from each other and in most cases also from their parental species. Despite the outcrossing character, identification of some hybrids and crossing parents was also achieved using protein patterns of single seeds. By means of isozyme electrophoresis of Festuca …
Precrop Effects Of Grass Seed Stands On The Yield Of Succeeding Crops, W Schöberlein, H Matthies
Precrop Effects Of Grass Seed Stands On The Yield Of Succeeding Crops, W Schöberlein, H Matthies
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Depending on grass species, number of harvest years, location and fertilizer input grass seed cropping leaves varying quantities of organic residues in the soil. When grasses are part of a crop rotation, soil-physical properties will be improved, and positive effects on the yield formation of successors can be expected. In three different experiments run between 1990 and 1995 the precrop effects of six grass species (one or two seed cropping years) were studied for their influence on the yielding of various successors. A highly differentiated water supply in spring 1993 and 1994 enabled an exact assessment of the precrop effects …
Utilization Of Regrowth For Forage In Seed Stands Of Meadow Fescue (Festuca Pratensis Huds.), Lars T. Havstad
Utilization Of Regrowth For Forage In Seed Stands Of Meadow Fescue (Festuca Pratensis Huds.), Lars T. Havstad
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Intensive utilization of autumn regrowth for forage production was compared to other autumn treatments in nine seed production fields of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) during 1993-96. Uncut plots without a N application in autumn always had the lowest number of reproductive tillers and the lowest subsequent year seed yields. Intensive utilization of regrowth, by application of 80 kg N ha-1 immediately after seed harvest and forage harvests in September or October, did not have any negative impact on the following yearsí seed yields. Delaying forage harvest from 10 September to 10 October increased forage yields, but lowered the …
Average Annual Requirements, Production, Import And Export Of Legumes And Grass Seeds In Yugoslavia (Serbia And Montenegro) Up To The Year 2000, B Radenovic
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
F.R. Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), in the period from 1995 to 2000, will have sufficient lucerne seeds, of the local varieties and production, and will be able to produce for export from 300 to 500 tons of seeds for foreign varieties registered in our Variety List. For the known customer in Yugoslavia, Serbia, the production of lucerne seeds can be organized in accordance with wishes of foreign partners including varieties that have not been registered, but in such a case a special permit from relevant state authorities would be required, and provided that all produced quantities of lucerne variety that …
Seed Yield Of Three Tall Fescue Cultivars As Affected By Endophyte Infection, T D. Phillips, M R. Siegel
Seed Yield Of Three Tall Fescue Cultivars As Affected By Endophyte Infection, T D. Phillips, M R. Siegel
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) has enhanced fitness in some environments. The objectives were to measure the effects of the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on seed yield traits and to determine the transmission rate of the endophyte from infected maternal plants into seed. Twenty infected and noninfected (E-) seedlings of each of three tall fescue cultivars were transplanted to the field in May, 1993. In 1994, there were significant differences between E+ and E- plants for panicle number and seed weight per panicle. In the second year, there were no differences between E+ and E- for the measured …
Seed Quality Of Five Native Grasses Of The Humid Argentine Pampa Prairie: Germination Conditions, L Ferrari, C A. Rossi
Seed Quality Of Five Native Grasses Of The Humid Argentine Pampa Prairie: Germination Conditions, L Ferrari, C A. Rossi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The aim of this study was to determine the germination conditions as well as an approach to seed quality of five native grasses of the humid Argentine Pampa prairie: Bothriochloa laguroides, Sporobolus indicus, Glyceria multiflora, Briza subaristata and Chaetotropis imberbis. They are considered as good and very good forage species. Mature inflorescences were sampled in Brandsen (Flooding Pampa sub-Region, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) from December, 1994 to March, 1995. A three factor completely randomized design with 4 replications was applied. Treatments combined prechilling (I: yes/II:no), KNO3 (A:yes/ B:no) and germination temperatures: 2 constant 15° and 20°C and 6 alternating 15-10°C, …
Arrhenatherum Elatius: Components Of Seed Yield As Affected By Fertilizer Applications And Row Spacing, L Ferrari, E B. Postulka, G H. D'Angelo
Arrhenatherum Elatius: Components Of Seed Yield As Affected By Fertilizer Applications And Row Spacing, L Ferrari, E B. Postulka, G H. D'Angelo
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of fertilizer applications and row spacing over seed yield and its components of fromental (Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl.). It was sown in 1994 on a Typic Argiudol soil in Santa Catalina (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Treatments combined two row spacing: 1=17,5 cm and 2=52,5 cm with three fertilization timing: a=at sowing time in 1994 or at the beginning of the regrowth period in 1995; b= when tiller apex became reproductive; c=split at sowing or regrowth period and at apex differentiation; d=control without fertilization. During 1994, fertilization was 782.5 gr/plot of …
Evaluation Of Morphological, Biological And Chemical Properties For Breeding On New Fodder-Grass Cultivars, S Kozlowski, B Golinska, P Golinski
Evaluation Of Morphological, Biological And Chemical Properties For Breeding On New Fodder-Grass Cultivars, S Kozlowski, B Golinska, P Golinski
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Our work is an attempt to emphasize the importance of grass morphological, biological and chemical properties in the process of development of new forage cultivars. Results of our investigations indicate that there are realistic possibilities of developing grass cultivars with improved nutritive properties. However, breeding works can only be effective if a wide range of different properties can be taken into consideration and if, simultaneously, mutual correlations occurring between them are also considered. High mutability of properties revealed by lower taxonomic units of the species observed in Poland indicates that they can constitute a valuable material for breeding work on …
Improvement Of Forage And Seed Yields In Orchardgrass In Western Canada, Joanna Fraser, Surya N. Acharya
Improvement Of Forage And Seed Yields In Orchardgrass In Western Canada, Joanna Fraser, Surya N. Acharya
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Trials on orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were conducted on spaced plants in 1992 and 1993 in Lethbridge, Alberta to identify components that could be used for improvement of winterhardiness and seed yields in this species. Results showed that seed yield/plant was significantly higher in Kay than Chinook orchard grass but only in 1992. Seed yields were significantly correlated in each year with visual scoring for forage yield potential, seed yield potential, vegetative height, panicle length and panicle number/plant. Higher yielding plants were taller and had larger numbers of panicles/plant and longer panicles than lower yielding plants. A large …
Potential Seed Yield Of Sterile F1 And 3-Way Crosses On Forage Sorghum-Sudan Hybrid In Egypt, M S. Radwan, H S. Oushy, M E. Mousa, S S. Abo-Feteih
Potential Seed Yield Of Sterile F1 And 3-Way Crosses On Forage Sorghum-Sudan Hybrid In Egypt, M S. Radwan, H S. Oushy, M E. Mousa, S S. Abo-Feteih
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Male-sterile F1's from A x B line crosses and inbred A-lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moench) were investigated in relation to commercial production of hybrid seeds. Eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) A-lines, maintainer B-lines and the fertility restoring (R) sudangrass cultivar Greenleaf were selected to produce the hybrids evaluated in this study. Estimates of the parameters that describe seed yield and its components indicated that there were no general advantages for using sterile single crosses (SSC) over their prenatal (A) lines as the seed parent. As a group, the three-way hybrids and sterile single cross two way hybrids were …
Alfalfa Seeding Patterns And Their Relations With Vegetative And Reproductive Development, R B. Medeiros, A.V A. Jacques, C Nabinger
Alfalfa Seeding Patterns And Their Relations With Vegetative And Reproductive Development, R B. Medeiros, A.V A. Jacques, C Nabinger
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
This study was conducted to understand how plant density (17, 61 and 89 plants m-2) and row spacing (30 and 90 cm) affect plant development and the consequences on potential seed yield (PSY) and agricultural realized seed potential (ARSP) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in south Brazil. Both variables were not affected by row spacing but were negatively correlated to plant population. This was a consequence of a higher allocation of assimilates to reproductive structures at low plant competition, denoted by a positive correlation between these two variables and reproductive parts growth rate. Despite the benefits of the low plant …
Genetic Shift Of Seedling Fluorescence In Ryegrass Over Seed Increase Generations, D J. Floyd, R E. Barker
Genetic Shift Of Seedling Fluorescence In Ryegrass Over Seed Increase Generations, D J. Floyd, R E. Barker
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Seedling root fluorescence has generally been used to discriminate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.). The trait, however, has introgressed between the two species and breeders now determine fluorescence levels for new ryegrass cultivars. Our objective was to ascertain genetic change for fluorescence expression during generations of seed multiplication. Four ryegrass populations, differing in fluorescence levels, were increased three generations at each of three Oregon locations. Fluorescence levels were measured for each generation cycle at each location. Variation was present for fluorescence among locations within populations and for seed production generation within locations. One …
Undersowing Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var Rubra) For Seed Production In Winter And Spring Wheat Cover Crops, T S. Aamlid
Undersowing Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var Rubra) For Seed Production In Winter And Spring Wheat Cover Crops, T S. Aamlid
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Sowing red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) seed crops in autumn without cover crop or in winter wheat sown at two sowing rates (100 vs. 200 kg ha-1) and two row spacings (13 vs. 26 cm) was compared to spring establishment without cover crop or in spring wheat at the same sowing rates and row spacings. Yields of winter and spring wheat averaged 5190 and 4106 kg ha-1, respectively. First years’ seed yields of red fescue were, on average, 7% higher after spring- than after autumn sowing; with cover crop this can be explained by the taller plants of winter …
Towards A Model For Nitrogen Application To Seed Crops Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense), T S. Aamlid
Towards A Model For Nitrogen Application To Seed Crops Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense), T S. Aamlid
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In seed production experiments with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) split application of 25 kg N ha-1 as early as possible in spring (mean date 17 April) plus 50 kg ha-1 at the start of tiller elongation (mean date 19 May) increased seed yields compared to only one application of 75 or 100 kg N ha-1 in mid-May. On plots not receiving nitrogen until mid-May, the seed yield increase resulting from an additional application of 25 kg N ha-1 at heading (mean date 19 June) could be related to the ratio between measured and critical per cent nitrogen in plant …
Manitoba’S Forage/Livestock Technology Transfer System, A F. Stewart, K H. Ominski
Manitoba’S Forage/Livestock Technology Transfer System, A F. Stewart, K H. Ominski
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
There have been significant advances in forage/livestock technology systems in Western Canada in the past fifty years, including the introduction of new forage species and varieties, as well as new advances in harvesting, storage and cattle production systems. Adoption of new technology in Manitoba has been expedited by an extension system that involves all sectors of the agricultural community from primary producers and researchers to extension personnel and members of the agribusiness community all of whom are working together to find solutions to the local and regional challenges facing forage and livestock producers.
Manitoba Green Gold- An Extension Project Linking High Quality Hay With High Profits, Dennis Joosse
Manitoba Green Gold- An Extension Project Linking High Quality Hay With High Profits, Dennis Joosse
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Improving the quality of harvested forage is seen as an important step in improving the productivity of Manitoba’s beef, dairy and cash hay operations. One of the most important determinants of forage quality is stage of maturity when harvested. Timely cutting is particularly important during first cut because it represents a major portion of the total harvest, and forage quality drops rapidly during this period.