Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Ddgs Flowability With Varying Process And Storage Parameters,
2011
South Dakota State University
Artificial Neural Network Modeling Of Ddgs Flowability With Varying Process And Storage Parameters, Rumela Bhadra, K. Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Neural Network (NN) modeling techniques were used to predict flowability behavior of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) prepared with varying condensed distillers soluble (10, 15, and 20%, wb), drying temperature (100, 200, and 300°C), cooling temperature (-12, 0, and 35°C) and cooling time (0 and 1 month) levels. Response variables were selected based on our previous research results, and included aerated bulk density, Hausner Ratio, angle of repose, Total Flowability Index, and Jenike Flow Function. Various neural network models were developed using multiple input variables in order to predict single response variables or multiple response variables simultaneously. The NN …
Effects Of Conditioner Steam, Extruder Water And Screw Speed On Physical Properties Of Ddgs-Based Extrudates In Twin-Screw Extrusion,
2011
South Dakota State University
Effects Of Conditioner Steam, Extruder Water And Screw Speed On Physical Properties Of Ddgs-Based Extrudates In Twin-Screw Extrusion, Parisa Fallahi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Mehmet Tulbek
Kurt A. Rosentrater
A fractional factorial design with a replicated central composite point was used to investigate the effects of extrusion processing on physical properties of DDGS–based aquafeeds using a twin screw extruder. Extrusion cooking trials were performed using an ingredient blend for Nile tilapia, with 2 levels of screw speed (350 and 450 rpm), 2 levels of extruder water (0.236 and 0.302 kg/min) and 2 levels of conditioner steam (0.1 and 0.15 kg/min). The central point was 400 rpm screw speed, 0.271 kg/min extruder water, and 0.12 kg/min conditioner steam. Effects of these processing conditions on extrudate characteristics were extensively analyzed, and …
Quantification Of Physical And Chemical Properties, And Identification Of Potentially Valuable Components From Fuel Ethanol Process Streams,
2011
South Dakota State University
Quantification Of Physical And Chemical Properties, And Identification Of Potentially Valuable Components From Fuel Ethanol Process Streams, Christine Wood, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Zhengrong Gu, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Wider exploration of ethanol coproducts is required as the ethanol industry continues to expand. Currently, process streams such as thin stillage and condensed distillers solubles (CDS) are processed into DDGS and used as animal feeds, but other higher value opportunities may exist. The objective of this study was to identify chemical components in CDS and thin stillage and to quantify physical properties. Analysis of protein, organic acid, and sugar profiles was explored. Physical properties including density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and moisture were also examined. CDS had an average density of 1.02 g/cm 3 , while thin stillage had 1.08 …
Single-Screw Extrusion Modeling Effects On Extrusion Processing Parameters And Physical Properties Of Ddgs-Based Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis Niloticus ) Feeds,
2011
South Dakota State University
Single-Screw Extrusion Modeling Effects On Extrusion Processing Parameters And Physical Properties Of Ddgs-Based Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis Niloticus ) Feeds, Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Parisa Fallahi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Kurt A. Rosentrater
A single-screw laboratory extruder was used to conduct an L 18 (2 2 X 3 6 ) Taguchi fractional factorial study of aquafeed processing. The ingredients were based on a formulation for nutritionally-balanced Nile tilapia diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal as the main protein sources, in addition to constant amounts of corn flour, whey, and fish meal. The effects of three levels of DDGS (20, 30 and 40%), soybean meal (30, 40 and 50%), ingredient moisture content (20, 30 and 40% db), screw speed (100, 150 and 200 rpm), barrel temperatures (80-100-100°C, 80-120-120°C and …
Using Alternative Flours As Partial Replacement In Barbari Bread (Traditional Iranian Bread) Formulation,
2011
South Dakota State University
Using Alternative Flours As Partial Replacement In Barbari Bread (Traditional Iranian Bread) Formulation, Shirin Pourafshar, Padmanaban G. Krishnan, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Since cereals and cereal-based products are a cheap source of energy, they are highly consumed in all of countries. Wheat is the major cereal, consumed in different food products, especially bread. Today, whole wheat flour is being consumed in most of the breads because of its nutrient components but still different problems are associated with this flour, such as allergies and loss of nutrient components due to milling and refining. Thus, to find different sources to fortify products made with wheat flour as their major ingredient, especially bread is important. In this study, five different flours (20% of each flour …
Overview Of Corn-Based Fuel Ethanol Coproducts: Production And Use,
2011
United States Department of Agriculture
Overview Of Corn-Based Fuel Ethanol Coproducts: Production And Use, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Modern societies face many challenges, including growing populations, increased demands for food, clothing, housing, consumer goods, and the raw materials required to produce all of these. Additionally, there is a growing need for energy, which is most easily met by use of fossil fuels (e.g., coal, natural gas, petroleum). For example, in 2008, the overall U.S. demand for energy was 99.3 x 1015 Btu (1.05 x 1014 MJ); 84% of this was supplied by fossil sources. Transportation fuels accounted for 28% of all energy consumed during this time, and nearly 97% of this came from fossil sources. Domestic production of …
Extrusion And Alkali Extrusion Of Corn Stover To Improve Enzyme Saccharification,
2011
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Extrusion And Alkali Extrusion Of Corn Stover To Improve Enzyme Saccharification, Shujing Zhang
Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Biomass pretreatment constitutes an important part in the whole process of bioethanol production. The main goals of pretreatment include improving cellulose accessibility to enzyme, enhancing sugar yields from hemicellulose, achieving low capital and energy costs, as well as low sugar degradation and low chemical requirements. Extrusion, as a continuous and high throughput pretreatment method, requires much less chemical compared to traditional alkali pretreatment. In this research, twin-screw extrusion was evaluated for its effect with regard to promoting sugar yields from corn stover. Also, the underlying factors contributing to this improvement were examined. It was found that extrusion with no chemicals …
Evaluation Of An Intensive Data Collection System For Tennessee Surface Water Quality Assessment And Watershed Model Calibration,
2011
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Evaluation Of An Intensive Data Collection System For Tennessee Surface Water Quality Assessment And Watershed Model Calibration, Hannah Marie Armstrong
Masters Theses
Water quality regulators, such as the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, are challenged by data scarcity when identifying surface water quality impairment causes and pollutant sources. Surface water quality model users also seek to identify pollutant sources and design and place best management practices to efficiently improve water quality, but have insufficient data for model calibration. This research documents the design and evaluation of a novel, intensive water quality data collection system consisting of a automatic sampler, bi-weekly grab sampling, and a long term deployment sonde. System design characteristics that were emphasized included a focus on gathering data for …
Testing Fuel Efficiency Of Tractors With Both Continuously Variable And Standard Geared Transmissions,
2011
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Testing Fuel Efficiency Of Tractors With Both Continuously Variable And Standard Geared Transmissions, Christopher N. Howard, Michael F. Kocher, Roger M. Hoy, Erin E. Blankenship
Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Conference Presentations and White Papers
A John Deere 8295R IVT tractor with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and a John Deere 8295R PowerShift (PST) tractor (Waterloo, Iowa) with a standard geared transmission (GT) were tested for fuel consumption at three different travel speeds with six different load levels applied per speed. The JD 8295R PST tractor was tested both at full throttle (FT) and shifted up two gears and throttled back (SUTB) to achieve the same travel speed as at full throttle conditions. For each travel speed with each transmission mode, fuel consumption was determined to be linearly related to drawbar power. Linear regression results …
Conversion Of Glycerol To Lactic Acid Under Low Corrosive Conditions With Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Catalysts,
2011
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Conversion Of Glycerol To Lactic Acid Under Low Corrosive Conditions With Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Catalysts, Lu Chen
Masters Theses
With the increasing demand for biodiesel, the accumulation of byproduct, crude glycerol has become a problem which needs to be solved. Lactic acid is one of the value-added chemical which can be produced from glycerol that has wide uses in food and chemical industry. Although glycerol can be converted to lactic acid with an alkali as the catalyst at high glycerol conversion (100 mol%) and lactic acid yield (around 90 mol%), the high alkalinity would cause severe corrosiveness to a stainless steel reactor. In this study two tasks were performed to convert glycerol to lactic acid with satisfactory conversion and …
Streambank Erosion And Instability Induced By Groundwater
Seepage,
2011
Oklahoma State University
Streambank Erosion And Instability Induced By Groundwater Seepage, Taber L. Midgley, Garey A. Fox, Glenn V. Wilson, Derek M. Heeren, Andrew Simon, Eddy J. Langendoen
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
Excessive sediment is one of the most common surface water pollutants. It diminishes water quality and destroys aquatic habitat. Streambank erosion is known to be a major source of sediment in streams and rivers, contributing as much as 80% of the total sediment load in some watersheds. Little work has been done to study the effects of seepage on streambank erosion and failure. Prior research, primarily in the laboratory under well-defined and controlled conditions, has examined seepage as a mechanism for bank erosion, but more needs to be done to validate conclusions derived from the laboratory with field data. This …
Biofilter Media Characterization Using Water Sorption Isotherms,
2011
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Biofilter Media Characterization Using Water Sorption Isotherms, Guilherme Del Nero Maia, George B. Day, Richard S. Gates, Joseph L. Taraba
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications
Compost material has been used extensively as a gas‐phase biofilter media for contaminant gas treatment in recent years. One of the biggest challenges in the use of this type of material is adequate control of compost moisture content and understanding its effect on the biofiltration process. The present work provides a methodology for characterization of biofilter media under low moisture conditions. Results indicated that low levels of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were obtained for high levels of equilibrium relative humidity (ERH), i.e., 99% ERH produced EMC of approximately 20% (dry basis) at 25° C. Most bacteria struggle to survive in …
Development Of Carrot Pomace And Wheat Flour Based Cookies,
2011
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Anand Agricultural Universiy, India
Development Of Carrot Pomace And Wheat Flour Based Cookies, Navneet Kumar Dr.
Navneet Kumar
Carrot is the excellent source of beta carotene and other vitamins. The carrot is utilized as raw, cooked vegetable, sweet meats or as juice and beverages. Carrot pomace is the by-product of carrot juice extraction process. The carrot pomace was dried in hot air oven at 65°C and then grinded to pass through 2 mm sieve. Dried carrot pomace was added in different proportions (0 –9%) to fine wheat flour, shortening, sugar and water. The formulation was baked at 175 °C for 12 min. in the gas oven with air circulation. The moisture content of cookies was measured using hot …
Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Feeds Using Various Levels Of Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs),
2011
South Dakota State University
Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Feeds Using Various Levels Of Corn-Based Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs), Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Michael L. Brown
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Increasing demand for seafood products and rising demand for fish meal for commercial fish feeds is driving the search for effective alternative protein sources. Twin-screw extrusion trials were conducted to study the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six isocaloric (≈4.61 kcal/g) ingredient blends with a target protein content of >45% db were formulated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and other feed ingredients. The moisture contents of the diets were initially adjusted to 5–7% db, and then extruded at 250 rpm using dual 1.9 mm dies …
Transport Of Trace Elements In Runoff From
Unamended And Pond‐Ash Amended Feedlot Surfaces,
2011
Oklahoma State University
Transport Of Trace Elements In Runoff From Unamended And Pond‐Ash Amended Feedlot Surfaces, Jason R. Vogel, John E. Gilley, Gary L. Cottrell, Brian L. Woodbury, Elaine D. Berry, Roger Eigenberg
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
The use of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds for storage and subsequently dewatered) for feedlot surfaces provides a drier environment for livestock and furnishes economic benefits. However, pond ash is known to have high concentrations of trace elements, and the runoff water‐quality effects of feedlot surfaces amended with pond ash are not well defined. For this study, two experimental units (plots) were established in eight feedlot pens. Four of the pens contained unamended soil surfaces, and the remaining four pens had pond‐ash amended surfaces. Before each test, unconsolidated surface material was removed from four …
Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Feeds,
2011
South Dakota State University
Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs)-Based Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens) Feeds, Ferouz Y. Ayadi, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Michael L. Brown
Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications
Increases in global aquaculture production, compounded with limited availabilities of fish meal for fish feed, has created the need for alternative protein sources. Twinscrew extrusion studies were performed to investigate the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Five isocaloric (~3.06 kcal/g) ingredient blends, adjusted to a target protein content of 36.7% db, were formulated with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) at an initial moisture content of 5–7%db, with appropriate amounts of fish meal, fish oil, whole wheat flour, corn gluten meal, and vitamin and mineral premixes. …
Identifying Changes In Climatic Trends And The Fingerprints Of Landuse And Landcover Changes In The High Plains Of The Usa,
2011
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Identifying Changes In Climatic Trends And The Fingerprints Of Landuse And Landcover Changes In The High Plains Of The Usa, Denis Mutiibwa
Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Human activities such as conversion of natural ecosystem to croplands and urban-centers, deforestation and afforestation impact biophysical properties of land surface such as albedo, energy balance, and surface roughness. Alterations in these properties affect the heat and moisture exchanges between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer. The objectives of this research were; (i) to quantitatively identify the High plains’ regional climate change in temperatures over the period 1895 to 2006, (ii) detect the signatures of anthropogenic forcing of LULC changes on the regional climate change of the High Plains, and (iii) examine the trends in evolving regional latent heat …
A Look At 20th Century Droughts,
2011
Texas A & M University - College Station
A Look At 20th Century Droughts, Vijay P. Singh, Ashok K. Mishra
2011 Symposium on Data-Driven Approaches to Droughts
Droughts exercise a profound effect on the social and economic fabric of nations. Many nations of the world experienced droughts encompassing the full spectrum of severity, areal extent and duration. The result has been that the economic development was hampered and many countries have not yet recouped fully from the ravages of droughts. The first decade of the 21st century has also witnessed varying degrees of droughts across the globe. Therefore, we ask the following questions: (a) Do droughts affect every part of the world? (b) Are there similarities in major droughts around the world? (c) Are climate change and …
Drought Regionalization Of Brazos River Basin Using An Entropy Approach,
2011
Texas A & M University - College Station
Drought Regionalization Of Brazos River Basin Using An Entropy Approach, Deepthi Rajsekhar, Ashok Mishra, Vijay P. Singh
2011 Symposium on Data-Driven Approaches to Droughts
Assessment and understanding of past climate is an important step for drought mitigation and water resources planning. In this study, stream flows imulation obtained from the variable infiltration capacity(VIC) model was used for drought characterization, and subsequently regionalization was done based on the annual severity level, for the Brazos basin in Texas over a time span of 1949-2000. It is important to study drought characteristics with in a regional context. Hence, identification of homogenous drought regions is a prerequisite, so that the drought characteristics can be studied with in each of these regions. In this study, the concept of entropy …
Design And Cost Analysis Of A Citrus Orchard,
2011
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Design And Cost Analysis Of A Citrus Orchard, Travis Cox
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
No abstract provided.
