Vision Science Commons^™

Neonatal Intraocular Injection And Delivery System, Nina Treacher, Cory Ramsey, Marie Kosco, Jackson Carrell

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The proposed project is a way to deliver liquid medicine into the neonatal eye to prevent retinal detachment with lower risk for bacterial infection and drug misplacement. Currently, ophthalmologists use diabetic needles to introduce medication to the neonate eye. They estimate the injection location with hand-held calipers. This may allow the medicine to be misplaced from poor needle placement and introduce preventable error. The goal is to improve the delivery system ophthalmologists currently use by investigating ways to alter or enhance commonly used injection systems to make the procedure safer and more effective.

Neurorretinitis Por Arañazo De Gato: A Propósito De Un Caso, Fernando Godín Estrada, Eduardo Enrique Cadena Galvis, Laura Alejandra Acevedo Espitia, Diana Valeria Rey-Rodríguez

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La enfermedad por arañazo de gato es una zoonosis distribuida por todo el mundo. En esa condición, los gatos son el reservorio primario de Bartonella henselae, siendo la pulga del gato (Ctenocephalides felis) el principal vector entre ellos. Dicha enfermedad se caracteriza por manifestaciones sistémicas predominantes en el cerebro, el ojo, el hígado, el bazo y el hueso. En este estudio se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 29 años, quien consultó por disminución de agudeza visual (AV) y dolor ocular pulsátil de intensidad 8/10, según la escala visual análoga (EVA) en el ojo izquierdo (OI), sin síntomas …

The Interconnection Of The Vestibular And Oculomotor Systems Analyzed In Healthy Young Adults By Examining Postural Sway, Cassandra Martin

Theses

In order to study the human brain in a non-invasive way, the vestibular and oculomotor systems have been analyzed simultaneously. To achieve this, an eye movement and balance assessment was conducted for 29 (23 male; 21.6 ± 3.8 years) healthy participants with no history of concussions, brain injuries, vertigo, migraines, brain surgeries, eye surgeries, or amblyopia. The tasks consisted of eyes open, eyes closed, horizontal saccades, vertical saccades, vergence jumps, horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and vertical VOR. Each task was completed in two stances: feet shoulder width apart and feet together. Distance, velocity, sway area, center of pressure (COP) frequency, …

Investigating The Effect Of Dissolved Oxygen-Assisted Corneal Cross-Linking (Cxl) On Porcine Corneas, Julianni Dar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corneal cross-linking is a clinical procedure that is known to stop the progression of keratoconus, an eye disease that affects the cornea’s structure, ultimately leading to vision loss in its advanced stages. The typical treatment plan includes riboflavin and UV-A exposure in the hope to increase the mechanical properties of the cornea. There are two types of CXL pathways, with Type-II CXL requiring oxygen. Naturally, the dissolved oxygen is limited in the cornea; therefore, limiting the effect of Type-II CXL. This study proposes to improve the Type-II CXL contribution by integrating dissolved oxygen during the standard CXL treatment used in …

Scandy: Simulating Realistic Human Scanpaths In Dynamic Real-World Scenes, Nicolas Roth, Martin Rolfs, Klaus Obermayer

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Human Interaction With Fake News, Autumn Woodson, Sampath Jayarathna (Mentor)

Computer & Information Science: Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Disinformation Detection and Analytics

No abstract provided.

Customer Gaze Estimation In Retail Using Deep Learning, Shashimal Senarath, Primesh Pathirana, Dulani Meedeniya, Sampath Jayarathna

Computer Science Faculty Publications

At present, intelligent computing applications are widely used in different domains, including retail stores. The analysis of customer behaviour has become crucial for the benefit of both customers and retailers. In this regard, the concept of remote gaze estimation using deep learning has shown promising results in analyzing customer behaviour in retail due to its scalability, robustness, low cost, and uninterrupted nature. This study presents a three-stage, three-attention-based deep convolutional neural network for remote gaze estimation in retail using image data. In the first stage, we design a mechanism to estimate the 3D gaze of the subject using image data …

Eye Movement And Pupil Measures: A Review, Bhanuka Mahanama, Yasith Jayawardana, Sundararaman Rengarajan, Gavindya Jayawardena, Leanne Chukoskie, Joseph Snider, Sampath Jayarathna

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Our subjective visual experiences involve complex interaction between our eyes, our brain, and the surrounding world. It gives us the sense of sight, color, stereopsis, distance, pattern recognition, motor coordination, and more. The increasing ubiquity of gaze-aware technology brings with it the ability to track gaze and pupil measures with varying degrees of fidelity. With this in mind, a review that considers the various gaze measures becomes increasingly relevant, especially considering our ability to make sense of these signals given different spatio-temporal sampling capacities. In this paper, we selectively review prior work on eye movements and pupil measures. We first …

Visuomotor Adaptation During Asymmetric Walking, Charles Napoli

Masters Theses

Necessary for effective ambulation, head stability affords optimal conditions for the perception of visual information during dynamic tasks. This maintenance of head-in-space equilibrium is achieved, in part, by the attenuation of the high frequency impact shock resulting from ground contact. While a great deal of experimentation has been done on the matter during steady state locomotion, little is known about how head stability or dynamic visual acuity is maintained during asymmetric walking.

In this study, fifteen participants were instructed to walk on a split-belt treadmill for ten minutes while verbally reporting the orientation of a randomized Landolt-C optotype that was …

Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Hydrogels For Contact Lens Applications–A Review, Kushendarsyah Saptaji, Nurlaely Rohmatul Iza, Sinta Widianingrum, Vania Katherine Mulia, Iwan Setiawan

Makara Journal of Science

The emerging technology in biomedical engineering requires biocompatible materials, which are also referred to as biomaterials. For a material to be considered biocompatible, it should not interact with human tissues in a harmful way, and vice versa. Various properties of biocompatible materials, such as mechanical and optical properties, have to be considered for different biomedical applications. One of the most popular applications of biomaterials is for contact lenses. Hydrogels, specifically poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels, are among the most popular ones in ophthalmologic applications, especially in soft contact lenses. This paper reviews the use of PHEMA hydrogels as one of the …

During Natural Viewing, Neural Processing Of Visual Targets Continues Throughout Saccades, Atanas D. Stankov, Jonathan Touryan, Stephen Gordon, Anthony J. Ries, Jason Ki, Lucas C. Parra

Publications and Research

Relatively little is known about visual processing during free-viewing visual search in realistic dynamic environments. Free-viewing is characterized by frequent saccades. During saccades, visual processing is thought to be suppressed, yet we know that the presaccadic visual content can modulate postsaccadic processing. To better understand these processes in a realistic setting, we study here saccades and neural responses elicited by the appearance of visual targets in a realistic virtual environment. While subjects were being driven through a 3D virtual town, they were asked to discriminate between targets that appear on the road. Using a system identification approach, we separated overlapping …

Distrofia Foveomacular Viteliforme Del Adulto: Reporte De Caso, Marcelo Carrizosa Murcia, Mónica Lizeth Moreno Robayo

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

El propósito de este reporte de caso fue caracterizar la distrofia foveomacular viteliforme del adulto (AOFVD), y establecer los principales diagnósticos diferenciales de este trastorno. La distrofia viteliforme del adulto fue definida por primera vez por Gass en 1974, para describir una entidad clínica de herencia autosómica dominante y su comienzo en la edad adulta. Esta está caracterizada por la presencia bilateral de lesiones redondeadas de color amarillento y localización subfoveal. La imagen angiográfica clásica es una hiperfluorescencia en anillo que rodea una zona central hipofluorescente. Esta presenta características clínicas y electrofisiológicas que permiten establecer el diagnóstico diferencial con otras …

Prevalencia De Miopía En América: Revisión Sistemática Y Metaanálisis, Diana V. Rey-Rodríguez, José Moreno-Montoya, Cristina Álvarez-Peregrina

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

En los últimos años, la prevalencia de la miopía en el mundo ha aumentado significativamente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la prevalencia combinada de la miopía en América según las siguientes categorías: edad, raza, género y región. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline, Embase y Lilacs, con el objetivo de buscar estudios transversales con información sobre la prevalencia de miopía. Para encontrar la prevalencia combinada se utilizó el método de doble arco sinusoidal de efectos fijos o aleatorios de Freeman-Tukey. Se analizaron 15 estudios que incluyeron a 45.349 personas de …

Expectativas De Los Pacientes De Un Consultorio Particular Frente A La Atención De Optometría Durante La Pandemia Por Covid-19, Diana V. Rey-Rodríguez, Lady Johana Morales-Solano, Paula Pérez-Espinel

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La opinión de los pacientes frente a la atención optométrica debe ser relevante para la creación de estrategias de mercado en consultorios y ópticas. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las expectativas de los pacientes frente a la atención optométrica durante la pandemia por Covid-19. En cuanto a la metodología, el presente es un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se diseñó un instrumento conformado por ocho ítems, que buscó indagar la opinión de los pacientes para asistir a una consulta de optometría durante la pandemia por Covid-19. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia a …

Análisis En El Tiempo De La Transmisibilidad De La Luz Visible Y Ultravioleta En Dos Materiales De Lentes Fotocromáticos, Augusto Diaz Escobar, Esteban Goñi Boza, Manuel Felipe Masis Soto

Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular

La luz ultravioleta comprende longitudes de onda con altos valores de energía que pueden tener repercusiones en la salud humana, lo cual preocupa cada vez más al sector salud. Por ello, las lentes fotosensibles se han transformado en una alternativa para la protección ocular. Sin embargo, la pérdida de transmisibilidad de estas puede representar dificultades en la percepción visual en ambientes donde el flujo luminoso se ve disminuido. Es importante tomar en cuenta la capacidad de transmisibilidad de las coberturas fotocromáticas de las lentes oftálmicas, tomando en cuenta su capacidad tanto en luz visible como ultravioleta. El objetivo del presente …

Laparoscopic Image Recovery And Stereo Matching, Wenyao Xia

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Laparoscopic imaging can play a significant role in the minimally invasive surgical procedure. However, laparoscopic images often suffer from insufficient and irregular light sources, specular highlight surfaces, and a lack of depth information. These problems can negatively influence the surgeons during surgery, and lead to erroneous visual tracking and potential surgical risks. Thus, developing effective image-processing algorithms for laparoscopic vision recovery and stereo matching is of significant importance. Most related algorithms are effective on nature images, but less effective on laparoscopic images.

The first purpose of this thesis is to restore low-light laparoscopic vision, where an effective image enhancement method …

When The Brain Plays A Game: Neural Responses To Visual Dynamics During Naturalistic Visual Tasks, Jason Ki

Dissertations and Theses

Many day-to-day tasks involve processing of complex visual information in a continuous stream. While much of our knowledge on visual processing has been established from reductionist approaches in lab-controlled settings, very little is known about the processing of complex dynamic stimuli experienced in everyday scenarios. Traditional investigations employ event-related paradigms that involve presentation of simple stimuli at select locations in visual space and discrete moments in time. In contrast, visual stimuli in real-life are highly dynamic, spatially-heterogeneous, and semantically rich. Moreover, traditional experiments impose unnatural task constraints (e.g., inhibited saccades), thus, it is unclear whether theories developed under the reductionist …

Development Of Light Actuated Chemical Delivery Platform On A 2-D Array Of Micropore Structure, Hojjat Rostami Azmand, Hojjat Rostami Azmand

Dissertations and Theses

Localized chemical delivery plays an essential role in the fundamental information transfers within biological systems. Thus, the ability to mimic the natural chemical signal modulation would provide significant contributions to understand the functional signaling pathway of biological cells and develop new prosthetic devices for neurological disorders. In this paper, we demonstrate a light-controlled hydrogel platform that can be used for localized chemical delivery in a high spatial resolution. By utilizing the photothermal behavior of graphene-hydrogel composites confined within micron-sized fluidic channels, patterned light illumination creates the parallel and independent actuation of chemical release in a group of fluidic ports. The …

Bibliometric Review On Liver And Tumour Segmentation Using Deep Learning, Jayant Jagtap, Aamir Habeeb, Avinash Jha, Shrey Aggarwal, Khushi Gupta

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

One of the major organs in the body is liver where tumors occur often. Malignant liver tumors pose a serious hazard to human life and health. Manual segmentation of the liver organ and tumor from computed tomography (CT) scans is difficult, time-consuming, and skewed to the clinician's experience, yet it is essential for hepatic surgical planning. However, due to the following considerations, segmenting liver tumors from computed tomography (CT) images is difficult: In CT pictures, the contrast between the liver tumor and healthy tissues is low, and the boundary is indistinct; the picture of the liver tumor is confusing, with …

Network-Level Mechanisms Underlying Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) On Visuomotor Learning, Pejman Sehatpour, Clément Dondé, Matthew J. Hoptman, Johanna Kreither, Devin Adair, Elisa Dias, Blair Vail, Stephanie Rohrig, Gail Silipo, Javier Lopez-Calderon, Antigona Martinez, Daniel C. Javitt

Publications and Research

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation approach in which low level currents are administered over the scalp to influence underlying brain function. Prevailing theories of tDCS focus on modulation of excitation-inhibition balance at the local stimulation location. However, network level effects are reported as well, and appear to depend upon differential underlying mechanisms. Here, we evaluated potential network-level effects of tDCS during the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) using convergent EEG- and fMRI-based connectivity approaches. Motor learning manifested as a significant (p <.0001) shift from slow to fast responses and corresponded to a significant increase in beta-coherence (p <.0001) and fMRI connectivity (p <.01) particularly within the visual-motor pathway. Differential patterns of tDCS effect were observed within different parametric task versions, consistent with network models. Overall, these findings demonstrate objective physiological effects of tDCS at the network level that result in effective behavioral modulation when tDCS parameters are matched to network-level requirements of the underlying task.